Climbing Performance in U23 and Professional Cyclists during a Multi-stage Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leo ◽  
James Spragg ◽  
Dieter Simon ◽  
Justin Lawley ◽  
Iñigo Mujika
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Ascent Velocity ◽  
Race Performance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze climbing performance across two editions of a professional multistage race, and assess the influence of climb category, prior workload, and intensity measures on climbing performance in U23 and professional cyclists. Nine U23 cyclists (age 20.8±0.9 years) and 8 professional cyclists (28.1±3.2 years) participated in this study. Data were divided into four types: overall race performance, climb category, climbing performance metrics (power output, ascent velocity, speed), and workload and intensity measures. Differences in performance metrics and workload and intensity measures between groups were investigated. Power output, ascent velocity, speed were higher in professionals than U23 cyclists for Cat 1 and Cat 2 (p≤0.001–0.016). Workload and intensity measures (Worktotal, Worktotal∙km-1, Elevationgain, eTRIMP and eTRIMP∙km-1) were higher in U23 compared to professionals (p=0.002–0.014). Climbing performance metrics were significantly predicted by prior workload and intensity measures for Cat 1 and 2 (R2=0.27–0.89, p≤0.001–0.030) but not Cat 3. These findings reveal that climbing performance in professional road cycling is influenced by climb categorization as well as prior workload and intensity measures. Combined, these findings suggest that Cat 1 and 2 climbing performance could be predicted from workload and intensity measures.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

3  Weanling Thoroughbred mitochondrial profiles are related to race performance metrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 103466
Author(s):  
C.P. Guy ◽  
C.M. Latham ◽  
R.N. Owen ◽  
A.L. Fowler ◽  
C.K. Fenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Race Performance

scholarly journals The Diamond League athletic series: does the air quality sparkle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hodgson ◽  
Lee Chapman ◽  
Francis D. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Race Performance

AbstractUrban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health, including cardiovascular, neurological, immune system and developmental damage. The irritant qualities of pollutants such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity and particularly so for those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Previously, research has only examined marathon run outcomes or running under laboratory settings. This study focuses on elite 5-km athletes performing in international events at nine locations. Local meteorological and air quality data are used in conjunction with race performance metrics from the Diamond League Athletics series to determine the extent to which elite competitors are influenced during maximal sustained efforts in real-world conditions. The findings from this study suggest that local meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and air quality (ozone and particulate matter) have an impact on athletic performance. Variation between finishing times at different race locations can also be explained by the local meteorology and air quality conditions seen during races.

scholarly journals Adoption of Improved Soybean Varieties and Differences in Technical Efficiency Between Improved and Local Soybean Varieties in Southern Shan State, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ei Thazin Soe ◽  
Yoshifumi Takahashi ◽  
Mitsuyasu Yabe
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
And Training

This study determined the factors influencing the adoption of improved soybean varieties and examined the technical efficiencies of improved and local soybean varieties production in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. For this study, data from a sample of 337 respondents were collected by employing a multi-stage random sampling method. Logit model was adopted to determine the factors influencing the adoption of improved soybean varieties. Additionally, a stochastic production frontier was used to examine technical efficiencies of improved and local soybean varieties. Results show that factors that positively and significantly influence the adoption of improved soybean varieties are education, market access, extension access and training access. Examination of technical efficiency reveals that labor, fertilizer, machinery, and use of pesticide and harvester are inputs that significantly contribute to improving production efficiency among the improved variety farmers while seeds, labor, and fertilizer are significant inputs of local soybean production. On average, the estimated yield of the improved soybean varieties is 1.51 t/ha, which is higher than the yield of local soybean varieties grown at 0.88 t/ha. It was also revealed that improved soybean varieties had a relatively higher level of mean technical efficiency (85.04%) than local varieties (70.13%) and significantly different at 1% level. The results show that improved soybean production is more efficient than local soybean production. Therefore, government and non-government organizations should improve and provide market access, efficient and effective extension services and training to encourage farmers to adopt improved soybean varieties.

scholarly journals Core temperature up to 41.5ºC during the UCI Road Cycling World Championships in the heat

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Sebastien Moussay ◽  
David Nichols ◽  
Gavin Travers ◽  
Taoufik Belfekih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Road Race ◽  
Globe Temperature

ObjectiveTo characterise the core temperature response and power output profile of elite male and female cyclists during the 2016 UCI Road World Championships. This may contribute to formulating environmental heat stress policies.MethodsCore temperature was recorded via an ingestible capsule in 10, 15 and 15 cyclists during the team time trial (TTT), individual time trial (ITT) and road race (RR), respectively. Power output and heart rate were extracted from individual cycling computers. Ambient conditions in direct sunlight were hot (37°C±3°C) but dry (25%±16% relative humidity), corresponding to a wet-bulb globe temperature of 27°C±2°C.ResultsCore temperature increased during all races (p<0.001), reaching higher peak values in TTT (39.8°C±0.9°C) and ITT (39.8°C±0.4°C), relative to RR (39.2°C±0.4°C, p<0.001). The highest temperature recorded was 41.5°C (TTT). Power output was significantly higher during TTT (4.7±0.3 W/kg) and ITT (4.9±0.5 W/kg) than RR (2.7±0.4 W/kg, p<0.001). Heart rate increased during the TTs (p<0.001) while power output decreased (p<0.001).Conclusion85% of the cyclists participating in the study (ie, 34 of 40) reached a core temperature of at least 39°C with 25% (ie, 10 of 40) exceeding 40°C. Higher core temperatures were reached during the time trials than the RR.

Consideration and Propagation of Ground Motion Selection Epistemic Uncertainties to Seismic Performance Metrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Tarbali ◽  
Brendon A. Bradley ◽  
Jack W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Seismic Demand ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Ground Motion Selection ◽  
The Mean

This paper investigates various approaches to propagate the effect of epistemic uncertainty in seismic hazard and ground motion selection to seismic performance metrics. Specifically, three approaches with different levels of rigor are presented for establishing the conditional distribution of intensity measures considered for ground motion selection, selecting ground motion ensembles, and performing nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) to probabilistically characterize seismic response. The mean and distribution of the seismic demand hazard is used as the principal means to compare the various results. An example application illustrates that, for seismic demand levels significantly below the collapse limit, epistemic uncertainty in seismic response resulting from ground motion selection can generally be considered as small relative to the uncertainty in the seismic hazard itself. In contrast, uncertainty resulting from ground motion selection appreciably increases the uncertainty in the seismic demand hazard for near-collapse demand levels.

Power Output during Stage Racing in Professional Road Cycling

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN VOGT ◽  
LOTHAR HEINRICH ◽  
YORCK OLAF SCHUMACHER ◽  
ANDREAS BLUM ◽  
KAI ROECKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Road Cycling

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Farmers using Social Network in Advancing Agribusiness in Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Ekeke, N.C ◽  
Isibor, C.A ◽  
Nkamigbo, D.C.
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regression Techniques

The study examined socioeconomic determinants of farmers’ using social network in advancing agribusiness in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identified various social networks available and level of usage among the respondents, determined the influence of socio-economic factors on net marketing income among the respondents and identified the challenges of social network in advancing agribusiness by the respondents. Multi-stage, purposive and simple random methods were used to select one hundred and sixty respondents for the study. Data were collected from primary source. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, and multiple regression techniques. From the result, findings on the socioeconomic characteristics showed that farmers are relatively young, energetic, are in computer age and able to use phone and other devices to advance agribusiness in their area and beyond for optimum profit. Farmers are educated, married and there is male dominance in the use of social network in advancing agribusiness in the study area. The result showed that whatsapp, facebook, you tube and messenger were mostly used in advancing agribusiness in the study. Marital status, education, household size, means of delivery and marketing cost influenced net marketing income earned by the respondents. Lack of awareness, poor assessment of social network and costly charge of data when accessing the social network were perceived as the main constraints affecting agribusiness. Measures will be taken by appropriate authorities to reduce the tariff of data in accessing social network. Farmers should be trained more on the use of social network to advance their produce to the world. Network providers should of necessity improve their services to enable social network users to be effective. Keywords: Determinants, Social network, Agribusiness.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Parvin Mohamadi ◽  
Bushra Zareie ◽  
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hcv Screening

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD’S POVERTY AMONG CROP FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
B. D. Adamu ◽  
F. Tanko ◽  
T. M. Barnabas ◽  
E. U. Adejoh
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Extension Agent ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

This study examined the households’ poverty status among crop farmers in Kaduna State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 242 farmers for this study. Data were collected through using structured questionnaire with the help of trained enumerators. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as tobit regression and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model was employed in this study. The results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 45 years and were married, mean household size of the farmers was 11 persons, and about (80.6%) had formal education. The poverty situation of the farmers revealed that 51% were poor and the strategies adopted by the farmers to combat poverty were mostly through diversification into commercial farming, increased personal savings and involvement in non-farming activities. Tobit regression analysis revealed that age, household and income negatively influences the poverty status of the farmers, statistically significant at 1%, this implied that, poverty is concentrated among households in the study area. Major constraints encountered by the crop farmers, include high cost of inputs, inadequate credit facilities and inadequate market linkages. In conclusion, poverty incidence had a negative and significant effect on rural crop farmers. It was recommended that farmers should form cooperative societies to access micro loan; farmer should be linked to the urban market through extension agent and media to attract good value for their crops. Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should make farm inputs readily available at a subsidized rate

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