scholarly journals PUBLIC RITUALS: GRASPING MYTH IN DAVID GROSSMAN’S TO THE END OF THE LAND

Author(s):  
Yael Almog

The article investigates David Grossman’s To the End of the Land as an intervention into debates on the presence of myth in Israeli society. Do resonances of the Bible in Modern Hebrew perpetuate biblical narratives as constitutive to Israeli collective memory? Do literary references to the Bible dictate the rootedness of Hebrew speakers to the Land? Grossman’s novel discerns the implications of these questions for the political agency of individuals. It does so through the striking adaptation of a motif much frequented in Israeli literature: the Binding of Isaac. The prominent biblical myth is transformed in the novel through a set of interplays: the unusual enactment of the Akedah scene by a matriarch; original exegeses of biblical names; and the merging of several biblical narratives into the novel’s structure. The protagonists reveal their “awareness” of these interplays, when they reflect on the correspondence of their “lives” with various biblical narratives – whose divergence from one another enable them to negotiate the overdetermination of myth in political discourse. The article argues that the novel’s reflective stance on the role of myth in Israeli society is codependent on the philosophy of language that it develops. To the End of the Land features language acquisition, linguistic interferences with Israel’s main vernacular by other languages, word play and semiotic collapse. Through the presentation of linguistic utterances as contingent, associative, subjective and ever-changing, the identification with biblical narratives is rendered volatile. To the End of the Land questions the limits of Israeli literature in redefining the valence of the language in which it is written as well as the ability of literary texts to reshape major conditions for their own reception: collective memory and national motifs.

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-500
Author(s):  
Simon Staffell

AbstractThis article uses the work of the English cartographer John Speed as a way to explore the role of the collective memory of Jonah in social and political discourses during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The paper engages with debates concerning nationalism during the early modern period. Collective memory theory is also used to consider how Jonah became a reified site of memory. By placing Speed's writing alongside the works of his forebears and examining the function of the Jonah text within three sermons, the evolving collective memory of the biblical text, and its imagined attachment to national identity, is traced. It is suggested that Speed's cartographic selectivity in depicting biblical narratives can be seen in relation to the nascent nationalist and imperialist worldviews and ideologies of sixteenth and seventeenth century England.


AJS Review ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Malka Shaked

From its inception in the Enlightenment to this day, modern Hebrew poetry conveys a deep connection to the Bible that manifests itself in a variety of ways. An in-depth understanding of this connection—including its various expressions in content and language, its causes, its purposes, and its manifestations in all the literary genres, in each generation and for each individual writer—would require extensive research that could profitably occupy a large number of scholars. Nonetheless, even with the limited research that I have conducted, focusing on the place of the Bible in Hebrew poetry from the generation of national renaissance to the present time, the substantial anthology of poems that I am preparing for this purpose demonstrate clearly that modern Hebrew poetry constantly returns to the Bible, and that the Bible's oft-lamented decline in stature in Israeli society is nowhere to be seen.


Author(s):  
Ingrida Eglė Žindžiuvienė

The aim of this article is to examine the representation of the events in Cyprus in the middle and second half of the twentieth century as depicted in Andrea Busfield’s novel Aphrodite’s War (2010). The article discusses the methods and narrative strategies of disclosing collective trauma and considers the fact-fiction dimension, arguing the presence of it in a trauma narrative. Narrative strategies in trauma fiction are discussed and the author’s approach to the restatement of the national trauma is analysed. It is debated whether the novel can be described as a post-trauma testimony and whether the narrative is constructed on unified memory concepts. Postmemory is viewed within the framework of transgenerational trauma and the role of collective memory in the transmission of trauma is emphasised. Based on the ethical charge of the narrative, the reader’s status in the relationship with a trauma novel is questioned.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Yenny Puspita

This study aims to obtain an overview and deep understanding of the role of women in society, especially the stereotypes of women in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Geni Jora by Abidah El Khalieqy. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data sources in this study are novels by Abidah El Khalieqy including: Women Berkalung Sorban (2001) and Geni Jora (2004). Data collection techniques are in the form of document searches. In this case, the form of awareness and flow of feminist thought contained in Indonesian literary texts is understood to mean the use of feminism studies. The data analysis procedure used in this study is content analysis.


2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Michiko Suzuki

The kimono is often overlooked in the study of modern Japanese literature. Yet it plays a vital role in representing character, symbolizing critical aspects of the narrative, and illuminating historical and social contexts. Here I focus onKimono(1965–68), an unfinished novel by Kōda Aya (1904–90) that depicts a girl's growing-up process through her experiences with kimono during the early twentieth century. While highlighting the protagonist's development, kimonos in this work also serve various other functions, particularly cogent during a time in which everyday knowledge of kimono was declining. I examine the novel from different perspectives, including the kimono culture of the 1950s–60s and the novel's revitalization during the 1990s–2000s, facilitated by Kōda's literary inheritor, daughter Aoki Tama (1929–). This essay presents a new view of Kōda and her novel while engaging with broader questions of material and cultural representation, and the role of objects in the interpretation of literary texts.


Author(s):  
Yechiel Klar ◽  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Lior Yom Tov

This chapter discusses divergent perceived moral obligations that have been derived in Jewish Israeli society from the ingroup’s experience of collective victimization in the Holocaust. These obligations are to never be a passive victim again, to never forsake ingroup members in need, to never be a passive bystander when others are being harmed, and to never be a perpetrator yourself. These perceived moral obligations result in divergent attitudes and behaviors, ranging from solidarity with other victims to legitimization of violence against perceived enemies. The authors discuss the role of religious narratives (in this case, from the Exodus story in the Bible/Torah) in shaping these lessons of collective victimhood. The chapter briefly reviews empirical research on related collective victim beliefs—perpetual ingroup victimization orientation (PIVO) and fear of victimizing (FOV)—in several different contexts (Israel, Palestine, and Northern Ireland).


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katica Á¸°ulavkova

The sacral function of language, literature and the Bible in the context of Borislav Pekić’s novel The Time of Miracles This essay promotes the thesis about mythogenesis as a form of cosmogenesis. It also addresses the sacral function of language in literature and in the Bible. It follows an approach according to which Biblical myths are constantly re-created (Lk. 11; Jn. 9) and their archetypal schemata – actualized. Specifically, the paper demonstrates that through the actualization of the mythical narratives from the Bible, the universal archetype of the Miracle (mystery, secrecy) is essentially actualized. This interpretation is made on the basis of two illuminative fragments from the novel The Time of Miracles (1965) by the contemporary Serbian writer Borislav Pekić (1930–1992).Borislav Pekić reads the coded language of the mytho-biblical mysterious vision of reality with meticulous, historical, social, political, and psychological attention, and yet, instead of submitting it to a radical parody of hyper-realistic qualities, he demythologizes them only to re-mythologize the most sensitive sacral places in the mythical-biblical matrix: the miracles of Jesus. Pekić creates a mythopoetic chronotope of a “time of miracles and deaths”. In contrast to the usual categories – mythical time, historical time, time of dreams, he introduces the category of “time of miracles” or, in other words, “miraculous time”. “Time” itself, understood as a replica of the Being, initiates the question of miracle creation as a radical type of mythogenesis. Connecting Christian miracles with death, Pekić actualizes the archetypical vision of the resurrection. He knows that the modern world, whose humanism is put at stake, needs a spiritual renaissance (resurrection). Only upon the foundations of the renewed spirituality can a more humane civilization be established.Pekić’s novel, sensitive to the antinomies of reality and of the human psyche, reaffirms the principle of the fictional, regardless of whether it has been based on biblical narratives. Contrary to the stereotypical Christian perspective of the miracle, Pekić creates an individual performance of the miracle, both sceptical and emphatic, both biblical and imaginary. Pekić demystifies the Christian story through the prism of pre-Christian consciousness, subtly pointing to the need of renewal of free, non-canonical thought. This context implies the affirmation of the vitality of the multifocal and carnivalized pagan matrix, without rejecting the importance of the Christian one. As a result, the novel The Time of Miracles is experienced as a “perlocutionary act of speech” in which the latent, sacral function of language is activated, its power to transform the worldview, and indirectly, the world itself. Sakralna funkcja języka, literatury i Biblii w kontekście powieści Borislava Pekicia Czas cudów W artykule wysuwa się tezę o mitogenezie jako formie kosmogenezy oraz podejmuje problematykę sakralnej funkcji języka w literaturze i Biblii. W pracy zastosowano podejście, zgodnie z którym mity biblijne są stale od-twarzane (Łk 11, Jn 9) oraz stale reaktualizowane są ich archetypowe schematy. W tekście omawia się zatem kwestię aktualizacji mitycznych narracji z Biblii, nade wszystko zaś – uniwersalnego archetypu Cudu (tajemnicy, sekretu). Prezentowana interpretacja oparta jest na dwóch fragmentach z powieści Czas cudów (1965) współczesnego serbskiego pisarza Borislava Pekicia (1930–1992).Borislav Pekić czyta zakodowany język mitologiczno-biblijnej wizji rzeczywistości ze skrupulatną historyczną, społeczną, polityczną i psychologiczną uwagą. Co więcej, zamiast poddać ją radykalnej hiperrealistycznej parodii, demitologizuje ją tylko po to, aby ponownie re-mitologizować najbardziej drażliwe sakralne miejsca mityczno-biblijnej matrycy – cuda Jezusa. Pekić tworzy mitopoetyczny chronotyp „czasu cudów i śmierci”. W przeciwieństwie do zwykłych kategorii – czasu mitycznego, czasu historycznego, czasu snów – wprowadza kategorię „czasu cudów” lub, innymi słowy, „cudownego czasu”. Sam „czas”, rozumiany jako replika Bycia, inicjuje pytanie o stworzenie cudu jako swoisty typ mitogenezy. Łącząc chrześcijańskie cuda ze śmiercią, Pekić aktualizuje archetypową wizję zmartwychwstania. Wie, że współczesny świat, którego humanizm jest zagrożony, potrzebuje duchowego renesansu (zmartwychwstania). Tylko na fundamentach odnowionej duchowości można bowiem ustanowić bardziej ludzką cywilizację.Powieść Pekicia, wrażliwa na antynomie rzeczywistości oraz antynomie ludzkiej psychiki, potwierdza kreacyjną moc fikcji, niezależnie od tego, czy jest oparta na biblijnych narracjach. W przeciwieństwie do stereotypowej chrześcijańskiej interpretacji cudu Pekić tworzy jego indywidualne przedstawienie, zarówno sceptyczne, jak i empatyczne, biblijne, jak i wyobrażeniowe. Pekić demistyfikuje chrześcijańską historię przez pryzmat przedchrześcijańskiej świadomości, subtelnie wskazując na potrzebę odnowienia niezależnej myśli niekanonicznej. Ten kontekst implikuje potwierdzenie witalności wieloogniskowej i skarnawalizowanej pogańskiej matrycy, nie odrzucając znaczenia chrześcijańskiego. W rezultacie powieść Czas cudów odbierana jest jako perlokucyjny akt mowy, w którym uaktywnia się ukryta, sakralna funkcja języka, jego moc przekształcania światopoglądu, a pośrednio – samego świata.


PMLA ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Yeheskeel Kutscher

In the discussion we must start with two really striking facts, both very little known even among scholars close to Modern Hebrew; at least these scholars are not aware of their importance. In the first place you may have heard that Hebrew is a revived language, the language of the Bible come to life again in Israel. This is only partly true. Modern Hebrew—I know of no parallel in this respect—is a recreated language, a new Hebrew dialect, made of several ingredients. Most of them go back to the various layers of Hebrew in the past. Still, it is—and I am exaggerating deliberately—a kind of invented language, a kind of Hebrew Esperanto.


Author(s):  
Yulia Marinina ◽  
Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Slabunov

This article reviews the role of the theme of memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro. The motives of regeneration and loss of memory are relevant in modern literature as a whole and in works of K. Ishiguro in particular. The research is based on the methods of motivic and culturological analysis. In the novel “The Buried Giant”, the theme of memory has a structural meaning. It manifests through the spatial-temporal arrangement of the text, system of characters, symbolism of the novel, and organizes the core antithesis of the work – cultural memory and “mist” (embodiment of oblivion), which creates with the plotline and images of the characters. In the text of the novel, the people lose memory; the limits between the “native” and “alien”, the past and the future are blurred. The theme of memory is the source of unravelling of the plot. The two storylines are distinguished: external (the path of the characters seeking their son) and internal (regeneration of memory). The theme of memory organizes the system of characters: the protagonists Axl and Beatrice reconstruct the events preceding the beginning of the novel and accept them. Sir Gawain and Wistan remember the past, but they have a different attitude towards collective memory: the first one wants to prolong the oblivion, while the other one wants to restore the people's memories. The research demonstrates the role of the theme of memory within the structure of K. Ishiguro's novel “The Buried Giant”, which reveals the author's idea: nothing can be forgotten completely.


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