UNDER THE SIGN OF SCARLET POPPY. THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT VICTORY WITHIN THE ONLINE EXHIBITIONS BY THE UKRAINIAN ARCHIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-65
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
Archival Institution ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Second World

The article covers the issue of displaying archival documents on the Internet as part of the anniversary events timed to the anniversary of the Victory over Nazism which took place in 1945. The authors focus on exhibitions by the Ukrainian central state archives and use them to analyse the role of the modern archival institution as an object and subject of politics of memory and as a collec - tive memory institution that somewhat historicizes the past events (in this case, these events are the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, beginning and final victory in them) through preserved and exhibited historical documents. The authors provide insight into the structure and concept of each exhibition and try to understand the exposition chronography, symbols and nomenclature which were used to prepare a particular exhibition. The authors of the publication pay special attention to the floral symbols of the expositions (the scarlet poppy or Remembrance poppy in particular). The analysis of its use cases within the exposition devoted to the Great Patriotic War and World War 2 and the dates associated with them has special place in the paper. The authors emphasize the historical, political and symbolic significance of the war “beginning” and “end” as valuable elements of the modern Ukrainian historical narrative.

scholarly journals Documentary On-Line Exhibitions of the Central State Archives of Ukraine as a Way to Commemorate the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
On Line ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with virtual exhibition activities of the central state archival institutions of Ukraine associated with the anniversary of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. The authors acknowledge that archives are an important institute of memory for Ukraine, and therefore they attempt to assess the impact of the official Ukrainian historical and political policy on the exhibition activities in the central state archives, using on-line exhibitions dedicated to the anniversary of the Victory of 1945 as an example. The Great Patriotic War is one of the most contradictory elements of the Ukrainian national historical narrative and one of the most conflictogenic elements in the Ukrainian historical policy (in the so called “wars of memory”), hence the choice of the topic. The authors have studied the webpages of the archives’ official sites, their structure, design, and content. They focused on the digests of on-line exhibitions, i.e. texts located on the home page of the archive, which reveal theme, concept, purpose, and objectives of the exhibition. The authors have tried to identify the patterns in using the concepts of the 1941–45 events, assuming that vocabulary and definitions contain most important information on the influence of the official historical and political policy on the work of archival institutions. The authors have also studied the thematic design of on-line exhibitions, in particular, the military symbols used in web design. The research has showed that the concept of the Great Patriotic War was persistently changed to the concept of World War II in all five exhibitions, although some sections of the exhibitions featured both. The article notes that design of at least two exhibitions used the European symbol for victory over Nazism: red poppy instead of red carnation and St. George’s ribbon usually used in the USSR. Use of the poppy image and substitution of concept of the Great Patriotic War with non-synonymous concept of the World War II is a shining example of the influence of Ukrainian state historical and political policy on the work of archives. The researchers argue that it is impossible to deny the significant influence of the controversial official Ukrainian historical and political narrative on the nature of the expositions. However, in general, the exhibitions are characterised by moderate political engagement, demonstrating a certain scientific independence of the Ukrainian state archives.

scholarly journals Estimation of the beekeeping industry during the Great Patriotic War on the example of the Bolsheuchinsky village soviet of the Udmurt ASSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
L. M. Kolbina ◽  
A. S. Osokina
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Homeland Defense ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Second World ◽  
Archive Data

Based on archival documents Of the Central state archive of the UR, the analysis of the state of beekeeping in the Udmurt ASSR was carried out on the example of Bolsheuchisnky village Council – one of the largest and steadily developing village councils. It was determined that flax and buckwheat were sown as one of the main honey crops. Cannabis crops also occupied a small area. Statistical archive data on the area of legume crops sown on farms of Bolsheuchinsky agricultural district showed that during the second world war there was a 3.8-fold decrease in sown areas. There is a deterioration in the agronomic level, which has affected the level of agricultural production. In a number of collective farms were low yields, increased infestation of fields, there were large losses during harvesting. The reduction of crops was also due to natural and climatic complications. In 1942, the maximum amount of honey (1.4% of the collected amount) was allocated under the expenditure item "to the homeland defense Fund". In the years of the second world war, the item of expenditure on production needs averaged 15%, with the exception of 1944 – 0.2%. Throughout the second world war, honey was distributed to the Fund for assistance to the needy (disabled people and children). creches). During the war period, with an almost stable number of bee colonies in the studied farms, the amount of honey obtained during the studied years was unstable. The minimum peak of honey collection was in 1944 – 181.37 kg due to the cold summer (the average monthly temperature of the summer months was 15-16°C). Probably, this stage of development of beekeeping during the second world war was a kind of test for the strength of both the system of labor organization in the apiary and the professionalism of beekeepers who passed all the tests with "excellent".

scholarly journals Arrest and prosecution of partisan associates from Pirot, Nišor village and Gradašnica in 1944.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Davor Lazarević
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Second World ◽  
Insight Into

This work is primarily a contribution to the study of the Second World War history from the perspective given in the material of the Central State Archives in Sofia which have been only partially used so far. Based on the completely preserved case of the arrest and prosecution of a group of partisan associates from Pirot and Nisor village, the neglected dimensions of the war on the local level will be presented according to authentic testimonies of the accused in the proceedings but also in relation to the attitude of Bulgarian occupation authorities which determined the context of events to a great extent. Apart from the possibility to look at the reality of war from the point of view of the occupiers and the accused, the research made also provides space for getting a better insight into the fate of an ordinary man, often unsettled in the whirlwind of war. In addition, the mentioned material reveals some new and unknown details about significant names of the partisan movement in the area of Pirot, which could be interesting additional information to the existing biographies.

scholarly journals The first trials of Sofia Military Field Court in the city of Pirot with death sentences

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Predrag Vidanović
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Police Chief ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

In the year when we mark the eighty years since the beginning of the Second World War, this study will endeavour to bring one segment of that period closer to the readers referring to the first armed groups of Pirot population which had armed conflict with the Bulgarian occupiers . The paper was written on the basis of the archived material and kept in the Central State Archives in Sofia. These are complete court cases based on which the entire activity of these groups can be seen such as their arrest and the court process itself which had all the legal characteristics. The first group which is dealt with in this paper, was later named in the local historiography as Partisan Group from Visok but was known amongst people as Dzadza's group. These Pirot patriots were written about in local historiography mainly on the basis of the transcripts of the original indictment , as well as on the basis of the narrations and memories of certain people. The novelty in this paper is only the prosecution of the accused who were sentenced to death by shooting. There is no information in the local historiography about the other partisan group mentioned in this paper. No connection was established between these groups although they were active in the same period and operated in different areas of Pirot region. The end of the paper gives the report of the regional police chief, which presents the view of the armed groups as seen by the Bulgarian authorities.

BELARUSIAN FACTOR IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PARTIZAN ASSOCIATION OF SUMY (1941‑1944)

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Olexii Verbovyi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

The purpose of the article is to study the Belarusian factor in the activity of one of the largest in the number and the most diverse in national composition partisan formation of the period of the Second World War ‑ the Sumy partisan union (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, S. A. Kovpak). First of all, the relevance of the problem is determined, the state of study of the history of the Soviet partisan resistance movement during the Second World War in general and its certain aspects in particular. It is emphasized on the multinational personnel as a characteristic feature of the Soviet partisan formations of Ukraine. During the study of the problem, the basic source was a complex of documents from the fund of the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak (Sumy Partisan Union), which is kept in the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine. Using the historical method, the general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, on the basis of archival sources, memoirs and scientific works, shows the participation of citizens of Belarusian nationality in the personnel of the compound (divisions), traces the dynamics of the number of Belarusians, determines their place and correlation with other nationalities. It is proved that from the first days of the creation of this unit as a partisan detachment in September 1941 and till disbandment as a guerrilla division in November 1944, the fighters of Belarusian nationality ranked third place in its staff. The path of passing and location of the connection (division) on the territory of Byelorussia is traced. It was determined that its combat, sabotage and intelligence activities were in the Gomel, Pinsk and Polissya regions. It was associated mostly with raids on the territory of the Right Bank and Western Ukraine. The chronological boundaries of the activity of the Sumy partisan compound (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak) on the territory of Belarus cover the period from November 1942 till July 1944, with interruptions. Combat operations of the union (division) on the territory of Belarus are revealed, in particular, the defeat of hostile garrisons and the capture of settlements. Sabotage activity on main railways and on highways was investigated. The presence of the union (division) on the territory of Byelorussia during the period of preparation for the exit to the Carpathian raid in June 1943 and after the returning from the Lviv-Warsaw raid in April 1944 are highlighted. Examples of the attitude of the local population towards the partisans of the Sumy Union, facts of looting of individual fighters and so on. The main aspects of the relationship between Ukrainian partisans and local partisan groups are also described. The issue of establishing a connection between the Sumy partisan union and local Belarusian partisan detachments and brigades is solved. The example of obtaining the experience of combat, sabotage and reconnaissance activities of the Yale Partisan Detachment during the stay of the Sumy Partisan Connection at the end of 1942 – early 1943 is given. The conduction of joint military operations and the exchange of intelligence data gained by the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans is shown. According to archival documents, local guerrilla formations of Belarus were identified, with which connection (division) communications were established, joint hostilities and sabotage on hostile communications were conducted, intelligence was exchanged, sending of wounded guerrillas to the Soviet rear was ensured, etc. The problems connected with the replenishment of the personnel of the union (division) at the expense of the local population, as well as the transition of the fighters of the Belarusian units were highlighted. Some contradictions were mentioned which arose between the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans, the dissatisfaction of the Sumy guerrilla unit command with the uneven material supply of Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans from the Soviet rear, the combat and sabotage activity of the Belarusian formations, etc. According to the results of the study of the problem, a considerable place of the Belarusian factor in the activities of the Sumy partisan compound during the entire period of its existence from September 1941 to November 1944 has been proven.

scholarly journals Images of Roma through the Language of Bulgarian State Archives

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar G. Marinov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The One

This research has been carried out as part of the RomaInterbellum Project which studies the Roma civic emancipation between World War I and World War II. Trawling through the Bulgarian archival documents on Roma in this time period, a reader cannot help but begin to form a certain image about the Tsigani, the term with which Roma have been popularly referred to in the archives. Unsurprisingly, this image does not seem to differ much from the one of today—that of the uneducated, dirty, foreign, and that pose a threat not only to the prosperity and well-being of the Bulgarian population and culture at large but also to the state and the economy. The research is based on archived files, letters of complaints from Bulgarian citizens and other documents sourced from Bulgarian state archives. The article analyses the words and language employed in the archived documents, the connotations they bear and the images they build. It also tries to show how, in the interwar period, this dominant language was utilised by Roma individuals and leaders in order to react, counter and protect their image and future. More importantly, they sought ways to build a better integrated Roma society through the establishment of own organisations and associations. Understanding this historical narrative from the interwar period is essential in advancing knowledge of many major issues surrounding the Roma today, such as housing, health and their social inclusion.

scholarly journals Documentary Publications on the History of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War on the Website of the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Vitaly Y. Afiani
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Large Set ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Boris Yeltsin ◽  
Second World

The article analyses publication of a large set of historical and archival documents on the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War on the website of the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Since 2009 it functions as the national electronic repository of digital copies of the most important documents on the history of Russian statehood and Russian language, as well as multimedia, multifunctional, cultural, scientific, educational and information-analytical centre with the status of the national library of Russia. In the “Collections” section, the libraryʼs website places online publications of various forms and subjects. The author considers the methods of publishing digitized copies of archival documents. Within the frames of the first part of the Internet project “The Second World War in archival documents (set of digitized archival documents, footage and photo materials)” there are published 1767 electronic copies of documents, then promised to continue. There is placed the full list of published documents, it provides the ability to sort them, search by date and place of storage. Virtual multimedia exhibition “The Great Patriotic War, which determined the outcome of the Second World War. For the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945” presents more than 500 official documents, documentary photographs, periodical materials and leaflets. The authors of the exhibition apparently consider the online publication “Combat actions of the air defence forces of the navy in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945” as a kind of rare publication, therefore they decided to publish the facsimile reproduction of it. The article concludes on the great significance of the project “The Second World War in archival documents (set of digitized archival documents, footage and photo materials)” that placed a large set of documents from Federal and departmental archives, many of which were first declassified. The author reveals shortcomings of Internet publications of archival documents in the field of placement methods related to inaccurate determination of their readership.

scholarly journals Compartment optics for the development of personal correspondents

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
В.О. Піскун
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Central State ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Archives

Mass media play a significant role in society, performing the role of "fourth power". The format of relations between the media and society is made in accordance with the political regime. In the conditions of a totalitarian state, which was the USSR, the media were always at the center of attention, because it was they who provided an ideological basis for the ruling political party and the vigilance of the journalist staff was an extremely important part of this "attention". The article attempts to identify the main areas of the CPSU's personnel policy regarding media coverage of journalists, the presence / absence of essential features of party leadership in the staff in general and journalists-specifically, the current assessment of the effectiveness of the Communist Party leadership and its impact on the media. The archival documents of the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine (Fund of the Central Committee of the CPU) and a number of published documents, sufficiently diverse in their format, were processed: memoranda, information, preparatory documents for plenums, meetings, resolutions of the republican and local party leaders. The conclusions summarize the main historical lessons that will help society, the authorities of today and the media to build relationships that are inherent in the democratic stage of civilization development.

scholarly journals Forgotten Images and the Geopolitics of Memory: The Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–6)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Caterina Albano
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
World War ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Second World

The Italo-Ethiopian war (1935–6) had a profoundly destabilising effect internationally and can be regarded as one of the events that led to the outbreak of the Second World War. Benito Mussolini's occupation of the country (then known as Abyssinia) was facilitated by the massive use of air power and chemical weapons – in ways that at the time were still unprecedented. Mussolini's chemical war, occurring in a country at the periphery of geopolitical spheres of interest, has remained marginal to established historical narratives, rendering it anachronistically topical to today's politics of memory. By examining two films based on archival film footage, respectively Lutz Becker's documentary The Lion of Judah, War in Ethiopia 1935–1936 (1975) and Yervant Gianikian and Angela Ricci Lucchi's video work Barbaric Land ( Paese barbaro, 2013), this article considers the significance of the moving image as a trace of events that have mostly remained visually undocumented and questions its relevance vis à vis today's mediated warfare and the ethics of images.

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