DRAINAGE BASIN AS A COMPLEX SOCIO-NATURAL HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
VALERIY BONDAREV
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Large River ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Entire Complex

The theoretical and methodological basis of the systems hierarchical spatial and temporal analysis of a drainage basin, which addresses the problems of effective management in socio-natural systems of different ranks, is considered. It is proposed to distinguish 9 orders of forms that are relevant to the analysis of drainage basins, where the first level is represented by individual aggregates and particles, and the last - by basins of large and the largest rivers. As part of the allocation of geological, historical and modern time intervals, the specificity of the implementation of processes in basins of different scales from changing states, through functioning to evolution is demonstrated. The interrelation of conditions and factors that determine the processes occurring within the drainage basins is revealed. It is shown that a specific combination of conditions and factors that determine processes in the drainage basin is associated with the hierarchy of the objects under consideration, i.e. the choice of a spatial-temporal hierarchical level is crucial for the organization of study within drainage basins. At one hierarchical level, some phenomenon can be considered as a factor, and at another - as a condition. For example, tectonic processes can be considered as an active factor in the evolution of large river basins in the geological perspective, but for small drainage basin, this is already a conservative background condition. It is shown that at the historical time the anthropogenic factor often comes to the fore, with the appearance of which in the functioning of the drainage basin, there is a need to take into account the entire complex of socio-environmental problems that can affect the sustainable state of various territories, especially in the field of water and land use. Hierarchical levels of managing subjects are identified, which are primarily responsible for effective management at the appropriate hierarchical level of the organization of the socio-natural system within the catchment area, starting from an individual to humankind as a whole.

The interpretation of some post-Glacial vegetation diversities at different Lake District sites

1965 ◽  
Vol 161 (984) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Large River ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The lake sediments which have been described by Mr Mackereth contain pollen and other plant remains which record the broad outlines of vegetational history. Many pollen diagrams are now available from the one ecologically homogeneous area of the central Lake District; their similarities record the effects of a single type of climate on an area of uniformly ancient rock, while their diversities record the individual history of each drainage basin. The large river valley lakes such as Windermere represent an integration of the many small drainage basins of which the river systems are made up; a simpler ecological picture is presented by the small lakes or tarns. Mackereth’s hypothesis, based on purely chemical evidence, that the lake sediments are derived from a series of soils washed in from the drainage basins, is supported by all the pollen evidence. Two deductions are made from this accepted assumption—first, that radiocarbon assay of the lake muds would be of comparatively little value, since the organic matter in any sample may have originated from a soil and be much older than its date of incorporation in the lake mud, and secondly that the presence of derived pollen from soils must be considered in interpretation of the pollen diagrams. The outline of the ecological history of the Lake District attempted here must therefore be built up by synthesis and comparison, but, as yet, in the absence of radiocarbon dates. The advantages of lake sediments for post-Glacial investigation—to set against their limitations—are that there is no overwhelming local pollen component as in fen or bog peats, and that stratigraphical changes in the sediments provide evidence for major changes in erosion rate, which can be correlated with vegetation changes shown in the pollen diagrams—as can chemical changes related to soil changes in the drainage basins.

scholarly journals Análise Ambiental da Bacia de Drenagem do Açude Mucutú/PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
José Antônio Vilar Pereira ◽  
Janaína Barbosa Da Silva ◽  
Simone Mirtes Araújo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs ◽  
Over Time

O Brasil tem abundancia em recursos hídricos, mas a distribuição desses recursos é irregular. Na região Nordeste a situação se agrava em decorrência dos longos períodos de estiagem. No entanto, as consequências desse fenômeno podem ser minimizadas com a utilização de tecnologias adequadas, como a construção dos reservatórios artificiais. Apesar da importância desses reservatórios, ao longo do tempo eles vêm sofrendo com o processo de poluição das suas bacias de drenagem e ocupação desordenada de suas margens. Esse trabalho objetivou determinar as características fisiográficas da bacia do açude Mucutú; analisar o uso e ocupação da terra no espaço-tempo de 10 anos; e delimitar a Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) desse reservatório. A delimitação e caracterização da bacia foi obtida através de imagens SRTM e a análise temporal do uso e ocupação da terra foi realizada através da interpretação de imagens Landsat do dia 07/03/2005 e 25/07/2015, a imagem mais recente também foi utilizada para fazer a delimitação da APP do reservatório. Identificou-se que as altitudes da bacia variam de 519m a 841m e a declividade encontrada ficou entre 0% a 46%. Constatou-se que para 2005, 77,88% do território da Bacia estava recoberto por algum tipo de vegetação, enquanto que para 2015 esse valor diminuiu para 68,52%, e a classe Solo Exposto/Área Urbana que em 2005 representava 80,38km² passou a ocupar 126,51km² da área total da bacia em 2015. Identificou-se que a APP ocupa uma área de 4,55km² com a presença de atividades antrópicas conflitantes com a legislação brasileira vigente. Environmental analysis of the Mucutú/PB weir drainage basin using remote sensing A B S T R A C TBrazil has abundance of water resources, but the distribution of those resources is irregular. In the Northeast, the situation worsens due to the long periods of drought. However, the consequences of this phenomenon can be minimized with the use of suitable technologies, such as the construction of artificial reservoirs. Despite the importance of these reservoirs, over time they have been suffering with the process of pollution of their drainage basins and disordered occupation of their margins. This study aimed to determine the physiographic characteristics of the Mucutu basin; to analyze the use and occupation of the land inside a space-time of 10 years; and delimit the Area of Permanent Preservation (APP) of this reservoir. The delimitation and characterization of the basin was obtained through SRTM images and the temporal analysis of land use and occupation was performed through the interpretation of Landsat images of07/03/2005and25/07/2015, the most recent image was also used to delimit the APP from the reservoir. It was identified that the altitudes of the basin vary from 519m to 841m and the slope found was between 0% to 46%. It was verified that for 2005, 77,88% of the Basin territory was covered by some type of vegetation, while for 2015 this value decreased to 68,52%, and the Exposed Soil/Urban Area class, that in 2005 represented 80,38 km², occupied 126,51 km² of the total area of the basin in 2015. It was identified that the APP occupies an area of 4,55 km² with the presence of anthropic activities conflicting with the current Brazilian legislation.Keywords: Caatinga; Hydrographic basin; Area Permanent Preservation; Hypsometry; Slope.

scholarly journals The Suitability of Moldova Climate for Balneary - Climatic Tourism and Outdoor Activities - A Study Based on the Tourism Climate Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru Mihăilă ◽  
Petruț Ionel Bistricean
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Tourism Climate Index ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Tourism Climate ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
A Current

Abstract This study addresses a current issue concerning spatial and temporal analysis of Moldova's climate resources and is intended for the use of people involved in various tourism and related activities. For researchers in the field, the study will be a source of information, allowing comparison of the results obtained for other locations, and for practitioners an indispensable working tool. The motivation for the present study resides in the sparseness and ambiguity of the analysis of climate resources for tourism included in the assessment of the natural tourism potential of Romania. We aim to improve this approach by constructing for Moldova a statistically relevant, quantitative analysis of what climate offers the tourists. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used TCI and a climate database sufficiently detailed to capture climate patterns up to ten-days time intervals. We showed that in Moldova the May-September interval is the most favorable for developing all forms of tourism. We then customized the analysis at the level of each tourism resort. Our study is among the first in this region to use such analysis and provides clear research results to those involved in tourism to improve their decision-making process. The results are very important in supporting tourism in Moldova and will contribute to raising the economic potential of the region.

O tym, co minęło, lecz nie zostało zapomniane: Badania archeologiczne na terenie byłego obozu zagłady w Treblince

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-118
Author(s):  
Caroline Sturdy Colls
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Answering Questions

Public impression of the Holocaust is unquestionably centred on knowledge about, and the image of, Auschwitz-Birkenau – the gas chambers, the crematoria, the systematic and industrialized killing of victims. Conversely, knowledge of the former extermination camp at Treblinka, which stands in stark contrast in terms of the visible evidence that survives pertaining to it, is less embedded in general public consciousness. As this paper argues, the contrasting level of knowledge about Auschwitz- Birkenau and Treblinka is centred upon the belief that physical evidence of the camps only survives when it is visible and above-ground. The perception of Treblinka as having been “destroyed” by the Nazis, and the belief that the bodies of all of the victims were cremated without trace, has resulted in a lack of investigation aimed at answering questions about the extent and nature of the camp, and the locations of mass graves and cremation pits. This paper discusses the evidence that demonstrates that traces of the camp do survive. It outlines how archival research and non-invasive archaeological survey has been used to re-evaluate the physical evidence pertaining to Treblinka in a way that respects Jewish Halacha Law. As well as facilitating spatial and temporal analysis of the former extermination camp, this survey has also revealed information about the cultural memory.

Migrations and Macro-Regions in Times of Crises

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Dirk Hoerder
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
North China ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Migration Systems ◽  
Actual Relationship

This essay analyzes the actual relationship between natural and manmade crises in longue-durée perspective and questions labels attached by master narrators. It challenges the standard view by differentiating sociologically between groups benefiting or suffering from migration. At the beginning, scales of spatial and temporal analysis are discussed as well as types of migration in relation to their potential impact. Next the elimination of mobility and crises in historiography and political theory regarding Greek and Roman societies are discussed. The following section approaches three distinct mass migrations in terms of push factors perceived, often justly so, as crises: the misnamed “peoples” migrations, migration after the “fall” of the Roman Empire, and settlement of the Yangtze Valley. Then forced labor mass migrations (slaveries) and the migrations in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and North China migration systems, self-decided under extreme economic and societal constraints, are analyzed. In conclusion present-day discourses are placed in context.

Spatial and temporal analysis of mean and frequency variations of dry spells in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Mahmoudi ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Amir Jahanshahi ◽  
Nima Daneshmand ◽  
Jabbar Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Frequency Variations
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