FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF EXTREME EXOGENIC PROCESSES IN THE ALIBEK VALLEY (WESTERN CAUCASUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
Vadim Karavaev ◽  
Alla Voskova ◽  
Anatoly Gorbunov ◽  
Olga Bykovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Glacier Melting ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

In the mountains, special types of geosystems are formed, whose origins are attributable to exogenic processes - debris flows, avalanches, landslides, etc. Since 2009, a regular survey of key objects and centers of heterogeneous extreme process development has been carried out for their identification and monitoring in the Central Caucasus (the Cherek- Balkarsky basin). To obtain a more complete picture of their course in the Northern Caucasus as a whole, and to track that cycle, the authors considered it expedient, beginning in 2021, to monitor also the Western Caucasus, the area of Teberda and Dombai. The article analyzes the results of expeditionary observations, as well as meteorological indicators that affect the course of extreme exogenic processes, their derivatives for 2020 and for the first eight months of 2021, from the Teberda and Terskol meteorological observatories.On the left side of the Alibek River valley, the predominant processes are talus and, to a lesser extent, avalanches. That side has a southern exposure and is arid relative to the right, northern one. On the one hand, moisture is insufficient for the successful formation of debris flows; on the other hand, sparse vegetation in the upper parts of the slope and the lower upper border of the forest do not inhibit exogenous processes.Air temperatures in Teberda are 4-5°C lower than in Balkaria. This contributes to the reduction of glacier melting, inhibiting exogenic processes. Higher moisture and the lack of grazing contribute to the formation of rich and dense vegetation, with a similar effect. This factor neutralizes the more active than in the Central Caucasus, frost weathering and high saltitudes, contributing to a higher rate of mobility of both water and debris.

scholarly journals Morphometry of the relief and debris flow features on the northern slope of the Great Caucasus

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
V. A. Karavaev ◽  
S. S. Seminozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus

The morphometric indicators of the relief significantly affect the debris flow features in the mountains. The key characteristics are the angles of inclination and height, and when considering heights in the first place we pay attention not to their absolute values, but to the nature of the distribution. In the presented study, the analysis of the numerical values of these two indicators for the Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus was carried out on the basis of the original digital model of the relief. The average value of the tilt angles in the Western Caucasus is 0,5° more than in the Central and Eastern, which contributes to more active debris flows. On the other hand, the Western Caucasus is distinguished by smaller elevation differences. From the position of this factor, the Central Caucasus is the most dangerous. Thus, the nature of the distribution of absolute altitudes, along with high forestation, neutralizes the factor of more significant angles of inclination of surfaces and causes less debris flow danger in the Western Caucasus relative to the Central and Eastern.

scholarly journals Estimation of long-term Ph changes in lakes of the Caucasus using a bioindication method based on diatomaceous analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Razumovskii ◽  
V. L. Razumovskii
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Hydrological Parameter

To analyze processes that may lead to long-term changes in pH, lake sediments from five small lakes in the Western and Central Caucasus were studied according to diatomaceous complexes from sediment cores. A proprietary principle of hydrological parameter unification was used to reconstruct numerical pH values. In isotopic dating experiments, a series of numerical pH values for 2000–130 years were generated for the lakes. These data indicate an absence of noticeable changes in pH in the lakes of the Western Caucasus and alkalization processes in the lakes of the Central Caucasus.

The Great Caucasus alpine belt syntaxonomy. Alpine meadows with restricted distribution

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Korotkov ◽  
E. A. Belonovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
Alpine Belt ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Fruticose Lichen ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Alpine meadows with prevalence of perennial herbs and grasses and alpine fruticose-lichen heaths are widespread within the Great Caucasus alpine belt, 2400—3200 m above the sea level. The association Hedysaro hedysaroidis—Campanuletum collinae is met in the Western and Central Caucasus. The associations Alopecuro dasyanthi—Asteretum alpini, transitional to scree vegetation, and Nardo stricti—Geranietum gymnocauli, with some features of the alpine carpet-like communities, are common in the Western Caucasus. The last association can be divided into the 2 subassociations, N. —G. festucetosum variae and N.—G. cetrarietosum purpurascentis. The association Polygono vivipari—Kobresietum bellardii is restricted to the Central Caucasus. The association Potentiletum crantzii with the two subassociations P. c. vaccinietosum myrtilli and P. c. kobresietosum simpliciusculae and also the association Alchemillo sericeae—Caricetum umbrosae are common for the Eastern Caucasus. The third east-caucasian association, Astragaletum incerti, is specific for this region; it is met only on the extreme South of the high-mountainous Dagestan. The syntaxonomical differentiation between west- and central-caucasian associations is more distinct. Whereas the eastern ones are less differentiated both from each other and from the neighbouring vegetation type, the alpine carpet-like meadows. This could be explained by means of the hypothesis of continental fusion of syntaxa. All the above-mentioned associations are combined into the novel Caucasian alliance Alchemillo caucasicae—Campanulion tridentatae which is assigned to the European class Juncetea trifidi and the order Caricetalia curvulae.

Princely Burial of the Hellenistic Period in the Mezmay Burial-Ground (North-Western Caucasus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-337
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Mordvintseva ◽  
Nikolai F. Shevchenko ◽  
Yuri P. Zaïtsev
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
North Western

Abstract In 2004 a previously unknown burial-ground consisting of flat graves was discovered by grave-robbers on the northern slopes of the Central Caucasus range at a height of 800 metres above sea-level near the settlement of Mezmay in the Apsheronsk District of the Krasnodar region. In 2005 the first rescue excavations were undertaken. Among the assemblages so far investigated, the most interesting has been Grave No. 3, in which a warrior of aristocratic descent and high social rank had been laid to rest. Apart from the deceased warrior, there were also horse burials in this funerary complex and a large range of grave goods, the number and quality of which make the complex unique, not only for the Northern Caucasus but also for the whole North Pontic region. Two bronze helmets were found in it for example, iron chain-mail, swords, spear-heads, short spears and arrows, a battle-axe, bronze, glass and pottery vessels, gold jewellery, a bronze mirror, an iron tripod bearing zoomorphic depictions and many other artefacts. The preliminary date which has been assigned to the burial ranges from the late 3rd to the early 2nd century BC, while the necropolis itself is considered as belonging to the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman eras. It is not possible to identify unequivocally the culture with which the Mezmay necropolis is linked, but it can for the time being be classified as linked to the range of Maeotian antiquities of the North-western Caucasus. Apart from Burial No. 3, bronze and iron helmets from the spoil heaps of the grave-robbers’ excavations are also published in this article.

Comparative Evaluation of the Stability of the Brown Forest Soils of Crimea and the Caucasus to Pollution with Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
S.I. Kolesnikov ◽  
D.I. Moshchenko ◽  
A.A. Kuzina ◽  
T.A. Ter-Misakyants ◽  
E.N. Nevedomyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

This article assesses the resistance of brown forest soils of the Republic of Crimea, the Western and Central Caucasus to pollution by lead, chromium, nickel, and copper, and develops regional maximum permissible concentrations of these heavy metals. Soil contamination was modeled under laboratory conditions. Heavy metals were added in the form of oxides. Soil stability assessment was carried out by biological indicators. The brown forest soil of the Republic of Crimea proved to be the most resistant to pollution. The higher stability of the brown forest soils of the Western Caucasus relative to similar soils of the Central Caucasus, apparently, is determined by the higher content of organic matter in them, despite their lower acidity. Heavy metals formed the following series in terms of ecotoxicity for brown forest soils: Cr> Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. The values of regional maximum permissible concentrations of lead, chromium, nickel and copper in the brown forest soils of the Crimea, Central and Western Caucasus are proposed.

Mechanisms of Resource Curse and Economic Policy

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polterovich ◽  
V. Popov ◽  
A. Tonis
Keyword(s):  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rich Countries

This paper compares various mechanisms of resource curse leading to a potentially inefficient use of resources; it is demonstrated that each of these mechanisms is associated with market imperfections and can be "corrected" with appropriate government policies. Empirical evidence seems to suggest that resource abundant countries have on average lower budget deficits and inflation, and higher foreign exchange reserves. Besides, lower domestic fuel prices that are typical for resource rich countries have a positive effect on long-term growth even though they are associated with losses resulting from higher energy consumption. On top of that resource abundance allows to reduce income inequalities. So, on the one hand, resource wealth turns out to be conducive to growth, especially in countries with strong institutions. However, on the other hand, resource abundance leads to corruption of institutions and to overvalued real exchange rates. On balance, there is no solid evidence that resource abundant countries grow more slowly than the others, but there is evidence that they grow more slowly than could have grown with the right policies and institutions.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

The Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sophie Till
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Three years ago Sophie Till started working with pianist Edna Golandsky, the leading exponent of the Taubman Piano Technique, an internationally acclaimed approach that is well known to pianists, on the one hand, for allowing pianists to attain a phenomenal level of virtuosity and on the other, for solving very serious piano-related injuries. Till, a violinist, quickly realized that here was a unique technical approach that could not only identify and itemize the minute movements that underlie a virtuoso technique but could show how these movements interact and go into music making at the highest level. Furthermore, through the work of the Golandsky Institute, she saw a pedagogical approach that had been developed to a remarkable depth and level of clarity. It was an approach that had the power to communicate in a way she had never seen before, despite her own first class violin training from the earliest age. While the geography and “look” on the violin are different from the piano, the laws governing coordinate motion specifically in playing the instrument are the same for pianists and violinists. As a result of Till’s work translating the technique for violin, a new pedagogical approach for violinists of all ages is emerging; the Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin. In reflecting on these new developments, Edna Golandsky wrote, “I have been working with the Taubman Approach for more than 30 years and have worked regularly with other instrumentalists. However, Sophie Till was the first violinist who asked me to teach her with the same depth that I do with pianists. With her conceptual and intellectual agility as well as complete dedication to helping others, she has been the perfect partner to translate this body of knowledge for violinists. Through this collaboration, Sophie is helping develop a new ‘language’ for violinist that will prevent future problems, solve present ones and start beginners on the right road to becoming the best they can be. The implications of this new work for violinists are enormous.”

Freedom of Expression versus Privacy and the Right to Reputation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Voorhoof
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right Of Privacy ◽  
The One ◽  
Grand Chamber ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The normative perspective of this chapter is how to guarantee respect for the fundamental values of freedom of expression and journalistic reporting on matters of public interest in cases where a (public) person claims protection of his or her right to reputation. First it explains why there is an increasing number and expanding potential of conflicts between the right to freedom of expression and media freedom (Article 10 ECHR), on the one hand, and the right of privacy and the right to protection of reputation (Article 8 ECHR), on the other. In addressing and analysing the European Court’s balancing approach in this domain, the characteristics and the impact of the seminal 2012 Grand Chamber judgment in Axel Springer AG v. Germany (no. 1) are identified and explained. On the basis of the analysis of the Court’s subsequent jurisprudence in defamation cases it evaluates whether this case law preserves the public watchdog-function of media, investigative journalism and NGOs reporting on matters of public interest, but tarnishing the reputation of public figures.

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