Petrography of bottom rock material

2021 ◽  
pp. 492-530
Author(s):  
G.S. Kharin ◽  
◽  
D.V. Eroshenko ◽  
A.V. Bulokhov ◽  
S.M. Isachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Rock Material ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bottom Rock

The Quaternary sediments of the Barents Sea contain a large amount of coarse clastic bottom rock material (BRM), with varying degrees of grain roundedness. Its study is important in determining the type and composition of the earth's crust, with paleogeographic constructions and revealing data on the dynamics of the ice cover. Studies of the Barents Sea BRM began in the 20s of the last century. During this period, were formed basically two hypotheses about the relationship between the distribution of BRM with elements of the sea topography and bedrock exposure. One of them considers BRM a marker suitable for identifying petrographic provinces at the bottom of the Barents Sea [Klenova, 1960]. In this chapter, on the basis of new up-to-date data obtained in 67 and 68 cruises of the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2017, the grain size, petrochemical and mineral compositions of BRM are estimated, their distribution patterns are given, transportation methods are analyzed and its feasibility is evaluated use in geological mapping. 4,193 samples were processed in Quaternary sediments, among which 86 reference types were identified. It was shown that the diversity of the composition of the Barents Sea BRM depends on glacial and ice-ice spacing. Therefore, the use of BRM for geological mapping of the bottom of the Barents Sea is unsuitable. The petrographic composition of the BRM in different regions of the Barents Sea is subject to significant fluctuations, but in general it is complementary to the set of rocks in the areas of demolition of adjacent land and depends on the extent of exaration and the removal of exaration material by the glacier to sedimentation areas.

Variations in the activity of the thyroid gland of the cod, Gadus callarias L., in relation to its migrations in the Barents Sea II. The ‘dummy of run’ of the immature fish

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Immature Fish

Describing the migrations and movements of the cod, Gadus callarias L., in the Barents Sea, Trout (1957) suggested that the immature fish carry out a false spawning migration. ‘The pattern of migration of the immatures is basically similar to that of the matures…with increasing age, the immatures’ southerly winter migration approached in length that of the mature cod, as if, in the years immediately prior to maturity they were making a “dummy run” towards the spawning ground.' The seasonal migrations of both the adult and immature cod have been related to changes in the activity of the thyroid gland in this fish (Woodhead, 1959). During the spring of 1956 and 1957, collections of thyroid glands from immature cod were made at stations from Bear Island to the Norwegian coast. It was hoped that a study of these glands might demonstrate further the relationship of the activity of the thyroid gland to the migration of the fish.

scholarly journals COARSE ICE SPREAD MATERIAL ON THE BOTTOM OF THE BARENTS SEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
G. S. Kharin ◽  
D. V. Eroshenko ◽  
S. M. Isachenko ◽  
A. V. Bulokhov ◽  
G. V. Malafeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Coarse Grained Material

The coarse-grained material (CGM) obtained at 89 stations in 67 and 68 cruises of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” when washing modern sediments was studied. Its petrographic composition was studied, 35 petrographic types and subtypes of rocks were identified, their cyclograms were compiled. It was noted that the CGMof the Barents Sea is subject to significant fluctuations, but in general, it is complementary to the set of rocks of the adjacent land and is quantitatively ensured by the size of the examination and the removal of the material by the glacier to the sedimentation areas. Such mobility of the CGM makes it difficult to use it as a marker for geo-mapping the bottom of the Barents Sea.

scholarly journals On unique stone beaches on the Arctic coast of the Kola Peninsula

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Y. N. Neradovsky ◽  
Y. A. Miroshnikova ◽  
A. A. Kompanchenko ◽  
A. V. Chernyavsky
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Stable State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Clastic Material ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
The Relationship

The results of studies of 11 stone beaches on the coast of the Barents Sea in the area of the Teriberskaya Bay have been presented. The studies were carried out from 2017 to 2019. As a result of the work, the structure of the beaches, their size, the composition of clastic material and the relationship with bedrocks were studied in detail. The genetic link between beaches and sea terraces has been established. Special attention has been paid to the morphology of beach clastic material, the conditions of its formation, and its role in abrasion activity. It has been shown that the clastic material of the beaches mainly corresponds to boulders equal to 100-1,000 mm, to a lesser extent to pebbles 10-100 mm, and rarely - gravel 1-10 mm. Individual boulders reach 2,000 mm. Sandy fractions in the composition of beach sediments are practically absent. The roundness of the fragments is high, semi-circular and rounded grains predominate, the most perfect shape of the rounded fragments is a biaxial ellipsoid or egg. Perfectly rounded boulders and pebbles in some areas account for up to 30 % of beach deposits. Measurements of the parameters of the egg-shaped pebbles have shown that they are close to the parameters of the "golden section" of the egg, i. e. meet the most durable form, resistant to destruction. Thus, the process of abrasion of the beach debris is directed towards their acquisition of the most energetically stable state. This suggests that the original shape of the debris contained a solid core in the form of a biaxial ellipsoid.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the Barents sea sediments: main distribution patterns and use in palaeoceanological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-95
Author(s):  
Ye.I. Polyakova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Novichkova ◽  
E.A. Agafonova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Diatom Algae ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Conditions

The Chapter deals with the uniqueness of the Barents Sea and adjacent sea areas from the viewpoint of the main groups of phytoplankton (diatom algae and dinoflagellate) development and their reflection in tanatocenoses of bottom sediments. Special attention is paid to the distribution of microfossils in surface waters as an indicator of the modern sea ice and hydrological signal. A distinctive feature of the Barents Sea tanatocenoses is the frequency of re-deposited Paleogene and Cretaceous forms of diatoms and dinocysts. Despite all the difficulties in finding microfossils in bottom sediments, data were obtained on characteristic associations mainly related to the redistribution of relatively warm North Atlantic waters. The issues of microfossils in cores and boreholes located on the Barents Sea shelf and continental slope are considered and the most extensive material on changes in sedimentation conditions in the Pleistocene and Holocene is generalized.

scholarly journals The problem of genesis of quaternary deposits of the Barents Sea as a reflection of the overall crisis of glacial theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Rudol'f Borisovich Krapivner
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Seismic Image ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Acoustic Profiling ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

This article continues the discussion on quaternary geology and paleogeography of the vast and well-studied shelf of the Barents Sea. The object this research is the relief and quaternary formations of the Barents shelf. The data of seismic-acoustic profiling and materials of engineering-geological drilling were used. Since the Barents shelf is a high-latitude area of Holocene sedimentation, the author analyzes various aspects of the quaternary sediments genesis, taking into account the geographic zoning of marine sedimentation processes and an increase in the gravitational consolidation of sediments down through the section. The genetic link between the microstructure and the degree of consolidation of clayey sediments with their seismic image was revealed, which was considered in interpretation of seismic profiling materials. Over the Barents shelf, the cover of weakly consolidated sediments of the last marine transgression is separated from the underlying morainelike or pre-quaternary sediments by a diachronous boundary of stratigraphic and sometimes angular unconformity. The transgression is not of glacioeustatic, but of tectonic nature. During the hiatus that preceded it, an erosional relief with river valleys and their tributaries was formed, the main features of which have been preserved in the northern deep-water part of the sea. The conclusion is argued that approbation of the glacial theory on the example of high-latitude Arctic shelf contradicts the facts and main provisions of glaciology, reflecting the overall crisis of this theory.

scholarly journals Changes in the relationship between sea temperature and recruitment of cod, haddock and herring in the Barents Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarte Bogstad ◽  
Gjert Endre Dingsør ◽  
Randi B. Ingvaldsen ◽  
Harald Gjøsæter
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Features of the coarse clasts (psephites) distribution in the Upper Quaternary sediments of the northern Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395
Author(s):  
A. A. Krylov ◽  
S. A. Malyshev ◽  
V. A. Bogin ◽  
V. Yu. Zakharov ◽  
E. A. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Axial Part ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
The Last Deglaciation ◽  
The One

The paper presents the characteristics of the coarse clasts (psephites, larger than 1 cm) sampled in the northern part of the Franz Victoria Trough (Barents Sea) during the “Transarktika-2019” expedition. The studied sedimentary section was formed during the transition from the last deglaciation environments to the marine Holocene settings. The amount of psephites in deglacial sediments is much higher than the one in Holocene sediments. The petrographic composition of the psephites, their roundness (according to Waddell and Khabakov classifications) and shape (according to Zingg classification) were studied in detail. It is shown that the majority of psephites is represented by non-rounded or poorly rounded varieties. Isometric and disc-type shapes are predominating among coarse clasts. Isometric psephites prevail in “deglacial sediments”, while disc-shaped, bladed, and rodlike, as a rule, are current in marine Holocene sediments. The petrographic composition of psephites is mostly represented with carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and sandstones. The amount of carbonates increases from the Holocene to the deglacial part of the sediment section. Other rocks found in smaller quantities are represented by quartzites, cherts, shales, basalts, crystalline schists, gneisses, granites, pyrite. During the last deglaciation at the Late Pleistocene the iceberg rafting was the main mechanism of psephites delivery to the sampling points. The major sources of the icebergs were Franz Josef Land and the Belyi — Victoria Islands region. Rocks of Franz Josef Land are represented mainly by Cretaceous gabbro-basalt complex and Triassic sandstones and siltstones. Upper Paleozoic terrigenous and carbonate rocks, as well as Proterozoic metamorphites, occur in the west of the studied area (the area of the Belyi — Victoria Islands). The results of studying the petrographic composition of psephites allow us to conclude that during the last deglaciation icebergs from both sources were heading north towards the Nansen Basin through the Franz Victoria Trough. Both streams of icebergs failed to reach the opposite sides of the Franz Victoria Trough, mixing with each other approximately in the axial part of the trough and leaving it in northern directions.

Abundance distribution patterns of intertidal bivalves Macoma balthica and Cerastoderma edule at the Murman coast tidal flats (the Barents Sea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia A. Nazarova ◽  
Ksenia Shunkina ◽  
Evgeny A. Genelt-Yanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Macoma Balthica ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Cerastoderma Edule ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Edge Populations ◽  
North Edge

Density distribution of the common infaunal bivalves, Macoma balthica and Cerastoderma edule, was studied along the Murman Coast of the Barents Sea during 2002–2010. In both species, abundance was generally higher in West Murman in contrast to East Murman. Highest density of Macoma balthica reaching 1535 ind. m−2 was observed in the Kola Inlet. Cerastoderma edule was less abundant; its density rarely exceeded 10 ind. m−2 in all but one site, where 282 ind. m−2 was registered. Reconstruction of abundance distribution across the European geographic range of Macoma balthica revealed that it does not match an ‘abundant-centre’ pattern, having features of ramped north. On the other hand, distribution of Cerastoderma edule abundance across the range generally follows an ‘abundant-centre’ pattern but southern edge populations show relatively higher abundances as compared with those at the north edge (the Barents Sea).

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