scholarly journals Water Distribution Network Reliability: are Surrogate Measures Reliable?

10.29007/4whr ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Muranho ◽  
Joaquim Sousa ◽  
Alfeu Sá Marques ◽  
Ricardo Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Surrogate Measures ◽  
Hydraulic Reliability

Water distribution networks (WDNs) must be reliable infrastructures since they provide an essential service to society. Reliability assessment is a complex task and involves various aspects: mechanical, hydraulic, water quality, water safety, among others. This paper focuses on the hydraulic reliability. Hydraulic reliability is computationally hard to measure directly, therefore researchers came up with surrogate measures, like the resilience index, the modified resilience index, the flow entropy or the diameter-sensitive flow entropy, that are simple and fast to compute. But, are these surrogate measures reliable to be used in the design of WDNs?This paper proposes a new reliability index based on the surplus flow available on each node to mitigate the effects of a pipe failure. To illustrate the applicability of this new index, a WDN example is optimally designed using a simulated annealing algorithm. Results show that the solutions based on the flow entropy or on the proposed index are more reliable than the others, and, also, the maximization of the other reliability indexes gives only a residual contribution to the global reliability (or even no contribution at all).

scholarly journals Prediction of pipe failure rate in Tehran water distribution networks by applying regression models

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Motiee ◽  
Sonya Ghasemnejad
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Exponential Regression

Abstract Four statistical models (linear regression, exponential regression, Poisson regression and logistic regression) applied to analyze the variables in pipe vulnerabilities with the objective of finding equations to predict probable future pipe accidents. The most effective variables in pipe failures are material, age, length, diameter and hydraulic pressure. To evaluate these models, the data collected in recent years in the water distribution network of district 1 in Tehran were used, with a total length of 582,702 m of pipes, and 48,500 consumers. The results demonstrate that among the four studied models, the logistic regression model is best able to give a good performance and is capable of predicting future accidents with a higher probability.

scholarly journals Reliability assessment of water distribution systems with statistical entropy and other surrogate measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiku T. Tanyimboh ◽  
Marika T. Tietavainen ◽  
Saleh Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Computing ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Statistical Entropy ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Surrogate Measures

There is ever increasing commercial and regulatory pressure to minimise the cost of water distribution networks even as the demand for them keeps on growing. But cost minimizing is only one of the demands placed on network design. Satisfactory networks are required to operate above a minimum level even if they experience failure of components. Reliable hydraulic performance can be achieved if sufficient redundancy is built in the network. This has given rise to various water distribution system optimization methods including genetic algorithms and other evolutionary computing methods. Evolutionary computing approaches frequently assess the suitability of enormous numbers of potential solutions for which the calculation of accurate reliability measures could be computationally prohibitive. Therefore, surrogate reliability measures are frequently used to ease the computational burden. The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation of surrogate reliability measures in relation to more accurate measures. The surrogate measures studied are statistical entropy, network resilience, resilience index and modified resilience index. The networks were simulated with the prototype software PRAAWDS that produces more realistic results for pressure-deficient water distribution systems. Statistical entropy outperformed resilience index in this study. The results also demonstrate there is a strong correlation between entropy and failure tolerance.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Reliability Indices in Water Distribution Networks under Pipe Failure Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Moghaddam ◽  
Roya Peirovi-Minaee ◽  
Hossein Rezaei ◽  
Alireza Faridhosseini ◽  
Ali Naghi Ziaei
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Resilience ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Failure Conditions

Abstract. In this research, reliability indicators of water distribution networks are evaluated under pipe failure conditions. The case studies include two benchmark and one real-life water distribution networks in Iran with more hydraulic constraints. Some important reliability indicators are presented such as resilience index, network resilience, modified resilience index and minimum surplus head index. GANetXL is used to do one-objective and two-objective optimization of the previously mentioned water distribution networks in order to not only minimize the cost, but also maximize the reliability indicators. Moreover, the results of a statistical analysis for each pipe is used to determine the sensitive pipes that are of the most failure probability. GANetXL is an optimization tool in Excel environment and works based on Genetic Algorithm. GANetXL has the capability of being linked to EPANET (Hydraulic simulation software). The results obtained clearly show that network resilience index is of poor performance when compared with the other indexes under pipe failure conditions, especially in real-life networks that include small pipe diameters. It was also showed that if a water distribution network was optimized only in terms of cost, there would be an unacceptable pressure drop at some nodes in case of pipe failure.

scholarly journals Enhancing Integrated Power and Water Distribution Networks Seismic Resilience Leveraging Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Najafi ◽  
Ali Peiravi ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Pumps

An earthquake, as one of the natural disasters, can damage vital infrastructures including the power distribution network (PDN) and water distribution network (WDN). The dependency of WDN on PDN is the other challenge that can be highlighted after the earthquake. In this paper, the resilience improvement planning of integrated PDN and WDN against earthquakes is solved through stochastic programming. Power lines and substation hardening in PDN and water pipes rehabilitation with better material are the candidate strategies to minimize the expected inaccessibility value of loads to power and water as the resilience index and to minimize the cost of strategies. The proposed model is tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus PDN with a designed WDN and its performance is evaluated under different cases where the impacts of using distributed generations (DG) in PDN, equipping the water pumps to back-up generators, and the value of loads accessibility to water on the system resilience are investigated.

Upgrading water distribution networks to work under uncertain conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marques ◽  
M. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Network Layout ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Abstract This work presents a multicriteria approach to defining flexible solutions for reinforcing and renewing existing water distribution networks, considering uncertain future working conditions. Criteria related to financial, environmental and pipe failure assessment are proposed to evaluate alternative solutions and to identify the best-placed options to implement. The alternatives are obtained for a phased design scheme that enables midcourse corrections through changes in the network layout. The proposed framework has been demonstrated using a case study based on a water distribution network from the literature.

Water distribution network robust design based on energy surplus index maximization

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Creaco ◽  
A. Fortunato ◽  
M. Franchini ◽  
M. R. Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Energy Surplus

The aim of this paper is to show that energy surplus indices, such as resilience index, besides providing a very good indirect measure of water distribution network reliability, also represent a valuable and effective indicator of network robustness under alternative network scenarios. It can thus be profitably used for network design under conditions of uncertain future demands. The methodology adopted consisted of: (a) multi-objective design optimization performed in order to minimize construction costs while maximizing the resilience index; and (b) retrospective performance assessment of the alternative solutions of the Pareto front obtained, under demand conditions far from those assumed during the design phase. Two case studies of different topological complexity were considered. Results showed that the resilience index, which is one of the most effective indirect indices of reliability, represents a very good measure of robustness as well.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals Review of the Quantitative Resilience Methods in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Shuang ◽  
Hui Jie Liu ◽  
Erik Porse
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Surrogate Measures

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are critical contributors to the social welfare, economic growth, and public health in cities. Under the uncertainties that are introduced owing to climate change, urban development, aging components, and interdependent infrastructure, the WDN performance must be evaluated using continuously innovative methods and data acquisition. Quantitative resilience assessments provide useful information for WDN operators and planners, enabling support systems that can withstand disasters, recover quickly from outages, and adapt to uncertain environments. This study reviews contemporary approaches for quantifying the resilience of WDNs. 1508 journal articles published from 1950 to 2018 are identified under systematic review guidelines. 137 references that focus on the quantitative resilience methods of WDN are classified as surrogate measures, simulation methods, network theory approaches, and fault detection and isolation approaches. This study identifies the resilience capability of the WDNs and describes the related terms of absorptive, restorative, and adaptive capabilities. It also discusses the metrics, research progresses, and limitations associated with each method. Finally, this study indicates the challenges associated with the quantification of WDNs that should be overcome for achieving improved resilience assessments in the future.

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