Safety of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) root extract as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

AlthoughEurycoma longifoliahas been studied for erectile function, the blood pressure- (BP-) lowering effect has yet to be verified. Hence, this study aims at investigating the BP-lowering properties of the plant with a view to develop an antihypertensive agent that could also preserve erectile function. Ethanolic root extract was partitioned by hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The DCM fraction, found to be potent in relaxing phenylephrine- (PE-) precontracted rat aortic rings, was further purified by column chromatography. Subfraction DCM-II, being the most active in relaxing aortae, was studied for effects on the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems in aortic rings. The effect of DCM-II on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also evaluatedin vitro. Results showed that DCM-II reduced (p<0.05) the contractions evoked by angiotensin I and angiotensin II (Ang II). In PE-precontracted rings treated with DCM-II, the Ang II-induced contraction was attenuated (p<0.05) while bradykinin- (BK-) induced relaxation enhanced (p<0.001).In vitro, DCM-II inhibited (p<0.001) the activity of ACE. These data demonstrate that the vasodilatory effect of DCM-II appears to be mediatedviainhibition of Ang II type 1 receptor and ACE as well as enhancement of Ang II type 2 receptor activation and BK activity.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA IN ANIMAL MODELS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Phebe Hendra ◽

Fenty . ◽

Putu Ririn Andreani ◽

Bernadetha Maria Estika Pangestuti ◽

Jeffry Julianus

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Analgesic Activities ◽

Enrich Diet ◽

Digital Caliper

Objective: To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of of E. longifolia root extract in animal models.Methods: In this study, glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing were used to evaluate the anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. At the end of the experiment of glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, blood samples were collected and estimation of blood lipids were carried out. Edema thickness was measured using digital caliper at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 min after carrageenan injection. The number of abdominal writhing for each mouse was observed and counted during a period of 1 h post injection of acetic acid.Results: E. longifolia root extract demonstrated a significant reduction of triglyceride levels (p<0.05) compared with the control group in glucose-fructose enrich diet in rats. In anti-inflammatory test, the extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan induced paw edema formation (p<0.05). The extract also significantly decreased the number of writhing in acetic acid-induced mice (p<0.05).Conclusion: E. longifolia root extract shown a significant anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms for its acitivities of E. longifolia root extract.

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The Cytotoxic Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Root Extract on The Prostate Adenocarcinoma PC-3 Cells through Apoptosis Enhancement

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (A) ◽

pp. 317-322

Author(s):

Eka Yudha Rahman ◽

Kusworini Kusworini ◽

Mulyohadi Ali ◽

Basuki Bambang Purnomo ◽

Nia Kania

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽

Root Extract ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Subject Examination ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽

Common Malignancy

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men and has become the sixth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Eurycoma longifolia Jack root has active compounds, namely, quassinoids, eurycomanone, and canthine, which have potential as detoxicants, free radical antioxidants, and anticancer. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the potential of the active compounds in E. longifolia Jack root in induce apoptosis in the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. METHODS: E. longifolia root active compounds were obtained by extracting them using ethanol solvent. The culture of prostate cancer PC-3 cell line was obtained from androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis use as subject. Examination of the potency of E. longifolia root extract was conducted by observing the cells undergoing apoptosis with TUNEL assay. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed that the increase in apoptotic cells was associated proportionally with the concentration levels of E. longifolia root extract and showed a significant difference (α < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of E. longifolia root extract, the higher will be the apoptotic level of adenocarcinoma cells PC3. E. longifolia extract is potentially used in the treatment of prostate cancer by inducing apoptotic mechanisms.

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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) Root Extract

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v14i1.460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Faisal GG ◽

Zakaria SM ◽

Najmuldeen GF

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Root Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Introduction: Currently, researchers are aiming to explore herbal plants to replace synthetic drugs because herbal plants contain high active compounds and fewer side effects. Our study was done to determine the antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (E. longifolia) root using ethanol based extract. Methods: Five types of pathogenic bacterial strains were used; Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Disc diffusion assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests were used to determine the inhibition zone and turbidity of suspension which reflects the antibacterial activity of the extract. Results: The ethanolic extract of E. longifolia Jack root extract showed positive results against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus) and Gramnegative (S. typhi). B.cereus and S.typhi showed inhibition zone values of 11.76mm and 14.33mm at the extract concentration of 150mg/ml that were higher than the positive control values (9.00, 12.67mm) respectively. However, E. coli and P. aeruginosa did not show any inhibition by the ethanol-based extract. Conclusion: From the results we can conclude that E.Longifolia root extract possesses antibacterial activity that can be further explored to produce new medicinal products.

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423. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatogenesis and sperm counts of male rats treated with oestradiol

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/srb08abs423 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

A. Norhazlina ◽

A. Wan Nurul Heriza ◽

M. Norfilza ◽

P. Moratv

Keyword(s):

Cell Count ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Treated Group ◽

Spermatogenic Cell ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Sperm Counts

Eurycoma longifolia has been known for its aphrodisiac effects in male. Our previous study showed that with the dosage of 8 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) Eurycoma longifolia root extract increased plasma total testosterone levels in male rats when given for 14 days. Oestrogen is a potent inhibitor for testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of Eurycoma longifolia (8 mg/kg BW) on the spermatogenic cell count and sperm count of testosterone-suppressed male rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley healthy male rats weighed 200–250 g were treated with, either control vehicle (no active ingredients given), oestradiol (500 mg/kg BW), Eurycoma longifolia (8 mg/kg BW) or combination of Eurycoma longifolia and oestradiol for fourteen consecutive days. Results showed that sperm count and spermatogenic cell count were increased in Eurycoma longifolia treated group compared with control group (P < 0.05) and to oestradiol treated group (P < 0.05). While in oestradiol treated group, sperm count and spermatogenic cell count were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) compared with control group. Combination of Eurycoma longifolia and oestradiol did not affect sperm count and spermatogenic cell count when compared with control group but they were significantly increased compared with oestradiol treated group (P < 0.05). Thus, the study has shown that Eurycoma longifolia is potentially capable to suppress harmful effects of oestradiol on spermatogenesis and sperm counts in healthy male rats when given for fourteen consecutive days.

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