Application of Sanctions Against State Administrative Officials in Failure to Implement Administrative Court Decisions

<p>The purpose of this research is to determine the nature, types, and execution of administrative court decisions, as well as the position of the Prosecutor's office in the Indonesian legal system. This research also examines the legal consequences for officials that do not adhere to administrative court decisions. This is prescriptive legal research and descriptive normative legal research, comprising a statute and case approach, with data collected from primary and secondary legal materials. Firstly, the results showed that the nature of administrative court decisions is <em>erga omnes.</em> The types of administrative court decisions are before and after the dispute subject examination. Furthermore, the execution consists of the obligation to revoke the state administrative decisions, issue new laws due to the petition for negative or positive fictitious choices, and the imposition of compensation and rehabilitation in employment disputes. Secondly, the position of the Prosecutor was categorized into executive power. Thirdly, state administrative officials are obliged to implement administrative court decisions. To not implementing the administrative court decision is a violation of the principle of legality. Legal consequences for government officials that do not subject to and are disobedient to the administrative court decision with legal force should still be imposed administrative sanctions by their superiors.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Administrative Sanctions; Administrative Court; Prosecutor’s Office.</p>

Dampak konsumsi susu kambing terhadap anthropometri, tekanan darah, kekuatan otot tungkai dan kalsium pada pesepakbola junior

Goat milk contains beneficial nutrients that supposedly improve the performance and health of athletes. The objective of this research was to discover the benefits of goat milk on anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index (BMI)), blood pressure (BP), leg muscle strength (LMS), and calcium in junior footballers. This research was a quasi-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest). Subjects: 22 football athletes, male, 12-16 years old, regular training, and healthy. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The treatment was fresh goat's milk, a dose of 250 ml/day, given at 04.00-06.00 p.m, throughout 21 days. The subject examination includes measurements: weight, height, BMI, BP, LMS, and serum calcium using a weighing scale, microtoise, BMI formula, sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, leg dynamometer, and Cresol Phtalein Complex. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test (p<0,05). Results, there were significant differences in weight (p= 0,000) and BMI (p= 0,033) before and after treatment. Conversely, there was a significant enhancement of LMS (p= 0,000), systolic (p= 0,005), without a diastolic increase (p= 0,143), significantly decreased hypocalcemia percentage (p= 0,001) after treatment. In conclusion, consumption of fresh goat milk regularly increased LMS, regulates diastolic within normal limits, as well as reduces weight, BMI, and percentage of hypocalcemia therefore it is highly recommended to consume 2-3 glasses of goats milk per day for junior footballers.

Expanding Opportunities: An Evaluation of Uniformed Services University’s Premedical Program for Enlisted Service Members

ABSTRACT Introduction Medical school leaders are seeking strategies to increase the diversity of their student populations. Post-baccalaureate premedical (PBPM) programs are one such pipeline that has supported diversity in medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Uniformed Services University’s (USU’s) PBPM program (the Enlisted to Medical Degree Preparatory Program, EMDP2) to determine how well it prepares its learners for the School of Medicine (SOM). Materials and Methods The National Board of Medical Examiners Clinical Science Subject Examination scores of EMDP2 learners from the SOM classes of 2020–2023 were compared to those of four similarly sized cohorts of their peers that varied by age and prior military service. Results We found that the performance of program graduates was comparable to their peers who followed more traditional and other alternative preparatory paths. Conclusions The EMDP2 appears to prepare medical students on a par with their non-EMDP2 peers. The EMDP2 contributes to USU’s commitment to train physicians who represent the nation and its citizens by making medical education available to enlisted service members, a population that closely mirrors the diversity of the nation.

Natural Language Processing methods for Document Matching

Data,Information or knoweldge,in this rapidly moving and growing world.we can find any kind of information on Internet.And this can be too useful,however for acedemic world too it is useful but along with it plagarism is highly in practice.Which makes orginality of work degrade and fraudly using someones original work and later not acknowleging them is becoming common.And some times teachers or professors could not identify the plagarised information provided.So higher educational systems nowadays use different types of tools to compare.Here we have an idea to match no of different documents like assignments of students to compare with each other to find out, did they copied each other’s work?Also an idea to compare ideal answeer sheet of particular subject examination to similar test sheets of students.Idea is to compare and on similarity basis we can rank them.Both approach is one kind and that is to compare documents.To identify plagarism there are many methods used already.So we could compare and develop them if needed.

The Cytotoxic Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Root Extract on The Prostate Adenocarcinoma PC-3 Cells through Apoptosis Enhancement

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men and has become the sixth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Eurycoma longifolia Jack root has active compounds, namely, quassinoids, eurycomanone, and canthine, which have potential as detoxicants, free radical antioxidants, and anticancer. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the potential of the active compounds in E. longifolia Jack root in induce apoptosis in the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. METHODS: E. longifolia root active compounds were obtained by extracting them using ethanol solvent. The culture of prostate cancer PC-3 cell line was obtained from androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis use as subject. Examination of the potency of E. longifolia root extract was conducted by observing the cells undergoing apoptosis with TUNEL assay. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed that the increase in apoptotic cells was associated proportionally with the concentration levels of E. longifolia root extract and showed a significant difference (α < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of E. longifolia root extract, the higher will be the apoptotic level of adenocarcinoma cells PC3. E. longifolia extract is potentially used in the treatment of prostate cancer by inducing apoptotic mechanisms.

Demographics of Students in Their Perspectives on Examination Cheating in Basic Education in Kenya

This study sought to find out in depth the demographics of students in their perspectives on examination cheating in Basic education in Kenya. The target population was 838 university freshmen of 2018/2019 academic year in a selected faith-based University in Kenya. The sample was 272 students. This study was guided by Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. Descriptive survey research design was used. Questionnaires comprising both closed and open-ended questions were administered. Data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that lack of preparedness and an excessive emphasis on grades are the main causes of cheating, while punishment is a critical deterrent to cheating in examinations. The study recommends that schools should ensure that students are adequately prepared for examinations; emphasize mastery of content as opposed to grades; and subject examination offenders to more severe punishment.

Impact of the Introduction of the Clinical Science Mastery Series on Family Medicine NBME Subject Examination Performance

Background and Objectives: Many medical schools assess student clinical knowledge using the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject examinations. The Family Medicine Clinical Science Mastery Series (CSMS) self-assessments, which are made up of former Family Medicine NBME examination questions, became available in September 2017. They provide students with realistic practice questions and immediate performance feedback. To further assess the utility of various study tools available to our students, this study investigated the impact of the CSMS self-assessments for family medicine on the NBME family medicine subject examination performance. Methods: Data analysis was conducted to compare student performance on the end-of-rotation NBME Family Medicine Clinical Subject Examination before and after the introduction of the CSMS family medicine self-assessments. The effect size was measured using a Cohen d analysis. We conducted an independent t-test analysis to determine the effect the NBME Family Medicine CSMS self-assessments had on end-of-rotation clinical subject examination scores. Results: The analysis revealed statistically significant improvement in students’ clinical subject examination scores after the release of the CSMS in September 2017 (n=90) compared to the students’ scores prior to the availability of the CSMS (n=95). Conclusions: Student scores improved with the introduction of the NBME CSMS family medicine self-assessment. These results support recommending student use of the CSMS as a study tool for their end-of-clerkship NBME subject examinations.

Identifying Students at Risk of Failing the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills Examination

Background and Objectives: New standards announced in 2017 could increase the failure rate for Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS). The purpose of this study was to identify student performance metrics associated with risk of failing. Methods: Data for 1,041 graduates of one medical school from 2014 through 2017 were analyzed, including 30 (2.9%) failures. Metrics included Medical College Admission Test, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1, and clerkship National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Examination scores; faculty ratings in six clerkships; and scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Bivariate statistics and regression were used to estimate risk of failing. Results: Those failing had lower Step 1 scores, NBME scores, faculty ratings, and OSCE scores (P&lt;.02). Students with four or more low ratings were more likely to fail compared to those with fewer low ratings (relative risk [RR], 12.76, P&lt;.0001). Logistic regression revealed other risks: low surgery NBME scores (RR 3.75, P=.02), low pediatrics NBME scores (RR 3.67, P=.02), low ratings in internal medicine (RR 3.42, P=.004), and low OSCE Communication/Interpersonal Skills (RR 2.55, P=.02). Conclusions: Certain medical student performance metrics are associated with risk of failing Step 2 CS. It is important to clarify these and advise students accordingly.