Cultural Preservation And Religious Control On Regulating Of The Form And Use Of The Public Space

Abstract In the new era of globalization, people are much more aware of the uniqueness and specialty of theirown culture. Banda Aceh, a capital city of Aceh province in Indonesia, which has concerned about this issue in thelast twelve years in preserving their own culture through injecting Sharia law (Islamic law) into constitutional law,so called Qanun. Since Qanun regulates the governance and public life, many aspects either physically or nonphysicallyhas been influencedsince, includinghow to useand behave inthe public space.There are significant differences in controlling public space of Banda Aceh city among the other public spacecontrol in the other cities in Indonesia. Both soft and hard control mechanism are developed such as, 1) dresscode, illicit relationship, gambling, and drinking prohibition in the public space including the punishment areposted; 2) surveillance and policing by Sharia police; 3) public space facilities possibly to be designed to preventfrom unacceptable behavior within Muslim society; and 4) limited access and territory for some religious or cultural reasons. However, these unique public space control possibly have potential impacts on certain attributesin the public space, for instance, different controls have different impact on a certain group of people or differentkind of public space within the city.This paper will first discuss the history of public space development, the typology of existing public space,their functions and activities in Banda Aceh city. Secondly, how these space are regulated pre- and post – Sharialaw and how the law potentially affected the design and use of public space by different social group will beexplored. The methodologies of this research include document review, direct observations on public space and apilot survey study on people’s attitude toward the law. The results of this research hope to serve basic informationfor planners and designers on how to design, plan and regulated the public space for Muslim communities such asBanda Aceh city.Keywords: Sharia law, public space regulation, cultural – based design

Download Full-text

NIKAH SIRRI; PRESPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN NASIONAL

Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam ◽

10.14421/musawa.2013.121.43-62 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Masturiyah Masturiyah

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Civil Law ◽

The Other ◽

Marriage Law ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Public ◽

Other Hand ◽

Marriage Record ◽

Women And Children ◽

The Law

In Indonesian society, marriage has legal dualism. Namely, marriage (which) should be listed in the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) and the marriages were not recorded (Sirri marriage). In fact, if we examine more seriously, many Sirri marriages cause harm especially, on the part of women and children. And in fact, not the least negative effects caused by Sirri marriage. This paper discusses sirri marriage in the perspective of Islamic law and the National Marriage Law. Because sirri marriage not stated explicitly in both the Qur’an and hadith, hence, to determine the law (istinbat al-hukmi), jurists of Islamic law (in this case) do ijtihad whereby sirri marriage is categorized as al maslahat al murasalah, which refers to the maqasid al-shari’ah. However, sirri marriage is actually problematic for several reasons. First, sirri marriage is not part of prophetic tradition. Because, the Prophet advocates and implements wedding party (walimah al-’Ursy) with aim to proclaim marriage to the public (i’lanun nikah). On the other hand, the recording of the marriage is the leader commands (Ulil Amri). Meanwhile, Allah and the Prophet ordered to obey the leader (Amri Ulil). Since the recording of the marriage will benefit Muslims (maslahah), then Muslims should stay away from harm (mudharat). Second, sirri marriage is not in accordance with the national law of marriage, because the point ‘marriage record’ does not exist in the concept of sirri marriage. Whereas, marriage registration set forth in Article 2, paragraph 2 of Law marriage, no. 1 of 1974 and article 2, paragraph 1, 2, 3 of Law no. 9 of 1975, the Code of Civil Law (KUHP) and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).

Download Full-text

Pembagian Harta Waris dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Muslim di Gorontalo

Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam ◽

10.24090/mnh.v13i2.3166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 187-202

Author(s):

Hamid Pongoliu

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Sharia Law ◽

The Will ◽

The Law

Gorontalo has a customary principle derived from sharia law, and the sharia law is sourced from the Qur'an, hadith, ijmak and qiyas (adati-hula'a to syara'a, syara'a hula'a to Kitabi), which should reflect the existence of the implementation of the distribution of inheritance in Islam in the Gorontalo community. This customary principle can be a source of law if it is a rational act, not immorality, done always repeatedly, does not bring harm and does not conflict with the law of sharak. But in reality there is the implementation of inheritance that violates Islamic law, namely the distribution by way of deliberation, the determination of the amount of heirs equally, the delay in the distribution of inheritance, wills with houses given to girls, wills not to distribute inheritance, distribution of assets it depends on the will of the heir and the delay in the distribution of inheritance on the grounds that one of the parents is still alive. The distribution by deliberation and determination of the amount of the portion for each heir are equally acceptable as long as they follow the guidelines of the Compilation of Islamic Law article 183 and the concept of takharruj which was previously preceded by the Shari'a division. After the heirs know the size of the portion, then they may agree to share it in their own way or leave the inheritance according to Shari'a and agree to give to each other with other heirs.

Download Full-text

REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH

Al-Ahkam ◽

10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Rokhmadi Rokhmadi

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

The Other ◽

Basic Principles ◽

The Law ◽

The Way

Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called ijtihād. Thus, ijtihād is needed on istinbāṭ of law from many arguments of the texts (naṣ), eventhough it is qaṭ’ī in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (ijtihādiyyah). The problem in this case is that even a qaṭ’ī argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been qaṭ’ī argument in the other uṣūliyyūn opinion. Reconstruction of ijtihād becomes an alternative, with some considerations: First, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; Second, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; Third, let the period without ijtihād (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of ijtihād in the challenge of modernity.***Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan ijtihād. Ijtihād sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ hukum dari dalil naṣ, sekalipun dalil naṣ tersebut bersifat qaṭ'ī yang oleh para uṣūliyyūn sudah disepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil naṣ yang sudah bersifat qaṭ'ī sekalipun oleh sebagian besar uṣūliyyūn, belum tentu dipandang qaṭ'ī oleh sebagian uṣūliyyūn yang lain. Rekonstruksi ijtihād menjadi sebuah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: Pertama, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin dikuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; Kedua, semakin kompleksnya permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; Ketiga, membiarkan satu periode tanpa ijtihād (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi ijtihād dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.***Keywords: ijtihād, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī, uṣūl al-fiqh

Download Full-text

EKSEKUSI NAFKAH PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KOTA MALANG

Ulumuddin ◽

10.22219/ulum.v11i1.10409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Rendra Widyakso

Keyword(s):

Rule Of Law ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Public Order ◽

Scholarly Journals ◽

Financial Responsibility ◽

The Public ◽

Legal Studies ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Law

This article aims to answer to important questions in legal studies that how to implement the legal execution of earning the expenses caused by divorce based on Indonesian law? And, how do the perspective of Islamic legal schools deal with the execution? There are numbers of scholarly journals studying this specific issue. However, the preliminary study that specifically focuses on the Legal Verdict of the Religious Court of Malang No. 0957/Pdt.G/2014/PA.MLG is offered by this article. It finds that legally, the judge has authority to order the ex-husband to pay the expences of the divorce compensation (mut’ah), financial responsibility due to divorce (iddah) and financial claim (madiyah) and financial childcare (hadhanah) before the divorce pledge is pronounced. If the expences cannot be paid, the ex-wife has right to purpose the legal execution to the court. Due to the purpose the chief of justice is responsible for and has authority to remind the ex-husband (aanmaning) and doing the legal execution if he disrespectly avoided the court’s order. The concept of legal expenses due to divorce is ruled by the fiqh of Islamic legal schools, in spite of the fact that the details of execution remain no any explanation. This article argues that the execution has been done referring to the law. It purposes to fulfil justice, expediency and rule of law. Furthermore, these purposes are the beginning step in order to achieve the public order (mashlahah) and the higher objective of Islamic law (maqashid al-syari’ah).

Download Full-text

Política de la supervivencia / Politics of Survival

Kamchatka Revista de análisis cultural ◽

10.7203/kam.10.10634 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Giorgi

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Heterogeneous Materials ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

The Public ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Politics Of The Body ◽

Act Up ◽

The One

Resumen: Distintas intervenciones desde prácticas activistas y culturales en torno al VIH escenifican poéticas y políticas del resto corporal en las que se juegan, por un lado, una reorganización de los modos en que se dramatiza en umbral entre lo vivo y lo muerto en lo público –redefiniendo así el tejido mismo de lo que llamamos “comunidad”—; y por otro, indican los modos en que estos activismos impulsan una disputa sobre los “marcos de temporalización” desde los cuales lo viviente se vuelve reconocible políticamente y donde la noción de supervivencia adquiere una centralidad decisiva. Combinando materiales heterogéneos el artículo busca iluminar los modos en que los activismos y las culturas en torno al VIH configuran un terreno decisivo para pensar políticas de la supervivencia del presente. Palabras clave: VIH, ACT-UP, Supervivencia, Temporalidades, Biopolítica. Abstract: Different interventions from activist and cultural practices around HIV staged poetics and politics of the body remmant. They implie, on the one hand, a reorganitzation of the dramatization of the threshold between the living and the dead in the public space; and on the other, they indicate the ways in which these activisms mobilize a dispute over the “frames of temporalization” from which the living becomes politically recognizable and where the notion of survival acquires a decisive centrality. Combining heterogeneous materials, the article seeks to illuminate the ways in which activism and cultures on HIV constitute a decisive ground for thinking about the present policies of survival. Keywords: IHV, ACT-UP, Survival, Biopolitics.

Download Full-text

RESEPSI MASYARAKAT DAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP KARYA SENI MURAL DI KAWASAN KRUENG DHO DAN KRUENG DAROY KOTA BANDA ACEH

Gorga Jurnal Seni Rupa ◽

10.24114/gr.v9i1.17905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Susandro Susandro ◽

Hatmi Negria Taruan ◽

Muhammad Ghifari

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Literature Study ◽

Research Results ◽

The Public ◽

Islamic Perspective ◽

Mural Art ◽

Banda Aceh ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakKarya seni mural berkemungkinan dapat mendorong meningkatkan kepariwisataan, hingga sejalan dengan meningkatnya perekonomian suatu masyarakat atau perihal lainnya. Namun, persoalannya ialah karya seni mural bertentangan dengan suatu ketentuan, khususnya sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam syariat Islam. Secara jelas dinyatakan dalam syariat Islam, dilarang membuat gambar yang menyerupai makhluk yang bernyawa atau memiliki ruh, seperti gambar manusia dan hewan. Akan tetapi, gambar tersebut dapat ditemui di pagar dan dinding-dinding rumah warga di bantaran Krueng Dho dan Krueng Daroy, Kota Banda Aceh. Faktanya, Aceh merupakan satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menjadikan syariat Islam sebagai landasan hukum Peraturan Daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini tidak bermaksud ‘memperuncing’ kontradiktif tersebut, melainkan ingin mengetahui pandangan masyarakat terhadap karya seni mural dari perspektif Islami dan berbagai kemungkinan dampak lainnya. Guna mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, melakukan wawancara – terencana maupun tidak terencana – kepada masyarakat yang dianggap relevan, serta studi pustaka. Kemudian hasil penelitian dibangun berdasarkan analisis terhadap data, paparan bagaimana resepsi masyarakat terhadap karya seni mural dari sudut pandang syariat Islam.Kata Kunci: syariat Islam, mural, kontradiktif, resepsi.AbstractMural art is most likely to be able to encourage increased tourism, so that it is in line with plans to increase people's income or other matters. However, the question is the mural art which is opposed to the provisions, especially those relating to Islamic law. Clearly stated in Islamic Shari'a, released images are released that have life or spirit, such as pictures of humans and animals. However, the picture can be found on the fence and walls of the houses of the residents on the banks of Krueng Dho and Krueng Daroy, Banda Aceh City. In fact, Aceh is the only province in Indonesia that makes Islamic Sharia a legal basis for Regional Regulations. The purpose of this study is not to discuss 'trusting' these contradictions, discussing the public about mural works from an Islamic perspective and various other perspective changes. In order to achieve this goal, the study was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. Data is collected by observation, conducting interviews - unplanned - for the community considered relevant, as well as literature study. Then the research results are built based on an analysis of the data, a presentation about the community of mural art from the perspective of Islamic law. Keywords: Islamic sharia, murals, contradictions, receptions.

Download Full-text

A COMPARATIVE EXPOSITION OF THE LAW OF HUSBAND AND WIFE IN TERMS OF ISLAMIC LAW, SOUTH AFRICAN LAW AND THE LAW OF ENGLAND AND WALES ‒ PART TWO

Obiter ◽

10.17159/obiter.v42i2.11926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Razaana Denson

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Legal Systems ◽

England And Wales ◽

English Law ◽

The Law ◽

Muslim Communities ◽

Personal Law ◽

Legal Consequences

The article discusses and compares the dissolution of a marriage as well as the legal consequences thereof in Islamic law, South African law and English law. This is done in order to demonstrate that despite similarities, there are vast differences between the three legal systems. This impacts on how Muslim personal law (MPL) can be recognised and regulated in South Africa and in England and Wales as constitutional democracies. South Africa, England and Wales share a commitment to human rights and have adopted various approaches in respect of accommodating the application of Islamic law. Internal pluralism also exists within the Muslim communities in South Africa, England and Wales as the majority of Muslims in these countries have to varying degrees developed diverse strategies to ensure compliance with Islamic law, as well as with South African and English law. Notwithstanding the accommodation of MPL in terms of South African and English law, the differences between these legal systems have resulted in decisions that, while providing relief to the lived realities of Muslims, are in fact contrary to the teachings and principles of Islam and therefore problematic for Muslims.

Download Full-text

Islam, Islamic Law and Constitution Making: International and Domestic Engagement in the Constitution-Making Process in Afghanistan

MAZAHIB ◽

10.21093/mj.v19i1.2142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Rofii

Keyword(s):

Public Participation ◽

Islamic Law ◽

International Community ◽

The Other ◽

The Public ◽

The Future ◽

The One ◽

Constitution Making

The making of the 2004 Constitution was a significant moment amidst the continuing conflicts in Afghanistan. It was an attempt to transform differences and conflicts into a shared agenda for the future of the country. The process of constitution-making in Afghanistan was marked by intense negotiations between the international community and actors, on the one hand, and domestic actors, on the other. The outcome would be called a “win-win solution”. This essay focuses on the making of the Islam-related clauses: How was the public participation? How has the negotiation been undertaken? What was the result and why? This essay is an attempt to answer those questions. It will argue that the process of constitution-making in Afghanistan particularly with regard to the Islam clauses is the acts of negotiations between different competing actors. The Constitution is the product of negotiations not only between international and domestic actors, but also between domestic actors. As evident in the making of the Islam clauses, these negotiations might be characterized as between puritan Islamist and more moderate Muslim actors.Pembuatan Konstitusi Afghanistan tahun 2004 adalah momen penting di tengah konflik yang terus berkecamuk. Ia merupakan upaya untuk mentranformasi perbedaan dan konflik menjadi agenda bersama bagi masa depan negeri ini. Proses pembuatan konstitusi Afghanistan ditandai oleh negosiasi yang intens antara masyarakat dan aktor-aktor international di satu sisi, dan aktor-aktor domestik di sisi lain. Hasilnya dapat disebut ‘win-win solution’. Tulisan ini fokus pada pembuatan klausul-klausul Islam: Bagaimana partisipasi publiknya? Bagaimana negosiasi dilakukan? Apa hasil dan mengapa? Tulisan ini adalah upaya untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut. Ia akan beragumen bahwa proses pembuatan Konstitusi di Afghanistan khususnya terkait dengan klausul-klausul Islam merupakan tindakan negosiasi antara aktor-aktor yang berbeda. Konstitusi Afghanistan tidak saja merupakan produk negosiasi antara aktor-aktor internasional dan domestik, tetapi juga di antara aktor-aktor domestik itu sendiri. Sebagaimana terbukti dari pembuatan klausul-klausul Islam, negosiasi-negosiasi tersebut dapat dikarakteristikan sebagai negosiasi antara aktor puritan Islamis and aktor yang lebih moderat.

Download Full-text

Letter to The Times

The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott ◽

10.1093/med:psych/9780190271350.003.0043 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 237-238

Author(s):

Donald W. Winnicott

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽

The Other ◽

The Public ◽

The Law ◽

The Times

In this letter to The Times, Winnicott frames a response to reports on delinquency, crime, and insanity and emphasises the importance of considering the ‘other half’ of every antisocial act, that is, society’s revenge feelings. Unpunished misdemeanours or crimes swell the reservoir of unconscious public revenge, and it is important to educate the public that the antisocial child or adult is antisocial because he is ill. The law must follow this by considering how far public (unconscious) feeling needs punishment to be given, regardless of the psychiatric diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Poetry and the Public in Aurangzeb’s Delhi

The King and the People ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190070670.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 99-146

Author(s):

Abhishek Kaicker

Keyword(s):

Imperial Authority ◽

The Public ◽

Critical Response ◽

The Law ◽

Muslim Communities ◽

The City ◽

Public Criticism

In 1658, the emperor Aurangzeb began his long reign on the Mughal throne. This chapter shows how Aurangzeb’s vision of sovereignty diverged from that of his predecessors, in lessening the emphasis on the otherworldly gift of daulat and more on adherence with the law (sharīʿa). This process, which was accompanied by an increasing emphasis on Sunni piety at court and the broader development of a bureaucratic juridical infrastructure for the empire, was designed to subordinate the realm’s many Muslim communities into a unitary ‘Community of Muslims’ obedient to the emperor. But such interventions in Mughal society would also provoke a critical response, couched in the language of satire, and is apparent in the works of the poets Niʿmat Khan-i ʿAli and Mir Jaʿfar Zatalli, which are compared here. More broadly, this chapter argues, the forces of commercialization powered the circulation of the practices of satirical poetry between courtly assemblies and the wider world of the city, shaping an urban domain of public criticism that lay outside the control of imperial authority.

Download Full-text