scholarly journals La selección de alternativas asimétricamente dominadas: Una réplica del efecto de atracción en un contexto culturalmente diferente

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Felix ◽  
María del Carmen Ginocchio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attraction Effect ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Product Choices ◽  
Toma De Decisiones

Keywords: asymetrically dominated alternatives, attraction effect, avoidance choice behavior, negative emotionsAbstract. Decision conflicts in consumer decision making occur when product attributes are negatively correlated and consumers perceive the alternatives as having different advantages and disadvantages. Consumers may resort to some kind of avoidance choice behavior in order to attenuate the negative emotions frequently connected with such conflicts. In this research, the attraction effect is tested in the Northern part of Mexico. The results show that despite cultural differences between Mexico and the United States, the attraction effect occurred in a sample of educated, younger university students in Mexico. However, whereas the attraction effect occurred in a setting based on product choices, it did not occur in a setting based on point-distributions. These findings are discussed in the context of previous research on avoidance choice, and possible explanations for the findings are suggested.Palabras clave: alternativas asimétricamente dominadas, comportamiento para evitar conflictos, efecto de atracción, emociones negativasResumen. Los conflictos en la toma de decisiones del consumidor surgen cuando los atributos del producto están correlacionados negativamente, y los consumidores perciben que las alternativas tienen diferentes ventajas y desventajas. Los consumidores recurren a diferentes comportamientos para evitar conflictos que les permitan atenuar las emociones negativas que, frecuentemente, están conectadas con esos conflictos. En esta investigación se prueba el efecto de atracción en un área del norte de México. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de las diferencias culturales entre México y Estados Unidos, el efecto de atracción se presenta en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos. Sin embargo, mientras que el efecto de atracción ocurre en la selección entre opciones de productos, no ocurre en un diseño que se basa en asignar puntos a las diferentes opciones. Estos resultados se consideran en el contexto de investigaciones previas sobre consumidores que prefieren evitar la toma de decisiones, y se sugieren posibles explicaciones para los resultados.

scholarly journals Room-Level Ventilation in Schools and Universities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Faye McNeill ◽  
Richard Corsi ◽  
J. Alex Huffman ◽  
Do Young Maeng ◽  
Cathleen King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Support Decision Making

Ventilation is of primary concern for maintaining healthy indoor air quality and reducing the spread of airborne infectious disease, including COVID-19. In addition to building-level guidelines, increased attention is being placed on room-level ventilation. However, for many universities and schools, ventilation data on a room-by-room basis are not available for classrooms and other key spaces. We present an overview of approaches for measuring ventilation along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also present data from recent case studies for a variety of institutions across the United States, with various building ages, types, locations, and climates, highlighting their commonalities and differences, and examples of the use of this data to support decision making.

Understanding the roles of risk and trust in the context of collaborative consumption: A test of competing models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixuan Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Iryna Pentina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Competing Models

Based on a survey of 266 ridesharing consumers in the United States, the study investigates relative impacts of trust and risk on intentions to continue using the service by comparing three alternative models via SEM analysis. We examine specific trust and risk sub-dimensions that are salient in the online-to-offline environment and identify a mechanism of their joint effects on consumer decision-making. Our findings show that risk does not directly affect intentions in this collaborative consumption context but is mediated by consumer trust. The results highlight the importance of trust-building efforts for ridesharing service providers.

CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN DECISION-MAKING STYLES: A STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN FIVE COUNTRIES

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Soo Yi ◽  
Soonae Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Limited Support

The major goal of this study was to explore cultural differences in decision-making styles of college students from 5 countries: Korea, Japan, China, the United States, and Canada. On the basis of previous scholarly findings, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 837 college students in the 5 countries. Of these, 815 were included in the statistical analysis. 2 hypotheses were established that examine 5 decision-making styles: cooperative, collaborative, avoidant, competitive, and dominant. The results provide only limited support for the hypotheses. Further, some results ran counter to the expectations of cultural variability. The findings of the study imply that culture may not be a stagnant phenomenon, and more variables should be explored to accurately evaluate cultural differences in decision-making styles.

scholarly journals What is an appropriate measure of litigation? Quantification, qualification and differentiation of dispute resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Menkel-Meadow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Toma De Decisiones

This article reviews the claims about rates of litigation in the United States, as either “too much” or “too little” (e.g. “The Vanishing Trial”). While we need to understand aggregate litigation rates to assess access to justice, it may be more important to understand litigation rates in the context of differentiated case types. Litigation, in some cases, produces too “brittle” (binary) or costly outcomes, which is what led to the American “A” (alternative/appropriate) Dispute Resolution movement. This movement (now moving across the globe) may provide “process pluralism” with greater flexibility in outcome and cost variations, (now often called “a”ccesible dispute resolution”). However, litigation is still important in a variety of justice-seeking contexts (e.g. for new rights creation, old rights enforcement, and precedent elaboration). This article suggests that the question of how much litigation is appropriate in any legal culture is dependent on a variety of factors that goes beyond simple aggregate counting. The article concludes with a critique of recent American legal practices in restricting litigation through mandatory arbitration, non-disclosure agreements, class action limitations, privatized mass claim settlements, and restrictive jurisdictional interpretations in judicial decision making and legislation. Este artículo repasa las afirmaciones de que hay “demasiados” o “demasiado pocos” litigios en los EE. UU. Si bien es necesario entender las proporciones de litigios agregados para evaluar el acceso a la justicia, tal vez sea más importante entender las proporciones de litigios en el contexto de tipos de casos diferenciados. En algunas ocasiones, los litigios producen resultados demasiado “frágiles” (binarios) o costosos, lo cual originó el movimiento llamado “American ‘A’ (alternativo/adecuado) Dispute Resolution”. Este movimiento, ahora en expansión por todo el mundo, puede proporcionar “pluralismo procesal” de forma más flexible con diferentes resultados y costes (lo que ahora se denomina “resolución de conflictos ‘a’ccesible”). Sin embargo, el acto de litigar sigue siendo importante en varios contextos de búsqueda de justicia (por ej., para crear nuevos derechos, para aplicación de viejos derechos, y para la elaboración precedente). Este artículo da a entender que la proporción de litigios apropiada en cualquier cultura jurídica depende de varios factores más allá de un recuento. Se concluye con una crítica de prácticas jurídicas recientes en América, consistentes en la restricción del litigio por arbitraje obligatorio, acuerdos de confidencialidad, limitaciones en demandas colectivas, liquidación de reclamaciones colectivas e interpretaciones jurisdiccionales restrictivas en la toma de decisiones judiciales y en la legislación.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

Ban Ki-moon, 2007–2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gowan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
The Face

During Ban Ki-moon’s tenure, the Security Council was shaken by P5 divisions over Kosovo, Georgia, Libya, Syria, and Ukraine. Yet it also continued to mandate and sustain large-scale peacekeeping operations in Africa, placing major burdens on the UN Secretariat. The chapter will argue that Ban initially took a cautious approach to controversies with the Council, and earned a reputation for excessive passivity in the face of crisis and deference to the United States. The second half of the chapter suggests that Ban shifted to a more activist pressure as his tenure went on, pressing the Council to act in cases including Côte d’Ivoire, Libya, and Syria. The chapter will argue that Ban had only a marginal impact on Council decision-making, even though he made a creditable effort to speak truth to power over cases such as the Central African Republic (CAR), challenging Council members to live up to their responsibilities.

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