EU Regulatory Decision Making and the Role of the United States

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Decision

Regulatory Decision-Making and Economic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar ◽  
Jerry L. Mashaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Over Time

The economic analysis of regulation is a broad topic, with implications for environmental protection, communications and technology policy, public health, immigration, national security, and other areas affecting risk and welfare in society. This chapter covers only a portion of the relevant ground, focusing on the following essential topics: First, what do we mean by “economic analysis” and what do we mean by “regulation”? Second, why has this topic become an important one, not only the United States, but in most advanced democracies? Third, why is economic analysis and regulation a contested, even contentious, aspect of modern regulatory activity? Finally, and most important, how is economic analysis structured into regulatory decision-making, and how might existing arrangements evolve over time?

Our Columnists on the A-Bomb

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Janet Besse ◽  
Harold D. Lasswell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Opinion differs about the role of syndicated columnists in the forming of national opinion and in the decision-making process in the United States. Our columnists have been the subject of pioneering studies, but we have a long way to go before the picture can be called historically complete, scientifically precise, or fully satisfactory for policy-making purposes. What the columnists say is an important chapter in the history of the American public, and history is most useful for critical purposes when written close to the event. The general theory of communication and politics can be refined as the details of the opinion process are more fully known.

scholarly journals Applying real-world data to support regulatory decision — making in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
M. A. Borzova ◽  
А. S. Kolbin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The article describes the legal basis for the application of real-world data to support regulatory decision-making in the United States, as well as the possibility of implementing the relevant approaches in the legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Pre- and Midtrial Publicity in the Age of Internet and Social Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarika Daftary-Kapur ◽  
Steven D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juror Decision Making ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Although juror misconduct has always been a concern, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with others, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This chapter discusses the role of the Internet and social media in the courtroom and how access to this information in the form of midtrial publicity might impact juror decision-making. Additionally, it discusses steps that have been taken by courts around the United States to address the issue of Internet use by jurors as well as recommendations to limit the impact of the Internet and social media on juror decision-making.

scholarly journals A decade of marketing approval of gene and cell-based therapies in the United States, European Union and Japan: An evaluation of regulatory decision-making

Cytotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G.M. Coppens ◽  
S. de Wilde ◽  
H.J. Guchelaar ◽  
M.L. De Bruin ◽  
H.G.M. Leufkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Approval ◽  
Regulatory Decision

Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Noncriteria Pollutants

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Duk Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Regulatory Decision

Noncriteria air pollutants are synonymous with hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), air toxics or toxic air pollutants (TAPs). The term noncriteria pollutants refers to all air pollutants except for the criteria pollutants (SOx, PM, NOx, CO, O3, and Pb). Air toxics are pervasive in our environment worldwide in varying degrees. Uses of these chemicals are varied and numerous; their emissions are ubiquitous, and they include organic compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, dioxins, aldehydes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, cadmium, and mercury. There are more than 70,000 chemicals that are in use commercially in the United States, and we know relatively little about their ambient concentrations, persistence, transport and transformation as well as their effects on health and the environment, many of which take decades to emerge. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, under the authority of Section 112 of the Clean Air Act, is mandated to regulate any air pollutant which, in the Administrator's judgment, “causes, or contributes to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to result in an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness.” For such regulatory decision-making, EPA's Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) provides scientific assessment of health effects for potentially hazardous air pollutants. In accordance with risk assessment guidelines developed by OHEA over the years, Health Assessment Documents (HADs) containing risk assessment information were prepared and were subjected to critical review and careful revision to produce Final Draft HADs which serve as scientific databases for regulatory decision-making by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) in its risk management process. EPA developed databases such as the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) and a technical assistance response system called the Air Risk Information Support Center (AIR RISC), in addition, to help in implementation of the National Air Toxics Program by state and local regulators.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zionist Lobby on America's Foreign Policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
And Performance

<p>Undoubtedly, no country as America is the host and influenced of pressure groups, and because of the existence of the interests and valuation system in America, this issue has made decision making in foreign policy of this country difficult. Among pressure groups in America, Zionist lobbies seem to have the most influence in America's foreign policy. Based on this, it can be approximately said that America and Israel have had special ties after the World War II and AIPAC Group has always guaranteed the continuation of this relationship. A set of factors play role in forming foreign policy of each country internally, nationally and internationally that the outcome of these factors’ action and reactions will is presented as the outcome and "foreign policy". The United Sates of America’s foreign policy is also the same process, based on this according to the international relationships ideas which of the important levels in analyzing foreign policy of the United States of America is internal level whose one of its components is investigating the role of pressure groups in forming the foreign policy of this country, practically the activity of any groups isn’t as prominent and highlighted as Zionist lobby in this subject.</p>Therefore the author of this research is sought to investigate the effect of different shapes of Zionist lobby and the position and performance of this regime in America’s foreign policy towards Iran, hence the arrow of lobbying activities in the area of Iran is also evaluated; consequently in the process of the research, stating that influential element in the system of decision making in The United States of America about the role of stakeholder groups with a focus on Zionist lobby and the unwavering support of the United States from this lobby is undeniable.

11. Foreign Policymaking in the Middle East: Complex Realism

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-270
Author(s):  
Raymond Hinnebusch ◽  
Anoushiravan Ehteshami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Key Events

This chapter studies foreign policymaking by regional states in the Middle East based on a ‘complex realist’ approach. This acknowledges the weight of realist arguments but highlights other factors such as the level of dependency on the United States, processes of democratization, and the role of leadership in informing states' foreign policy choices. To illustrate this approach, the chapter examines decision-making by four leading states — Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, and Egypt — in relation to the key events and crises of the last decade: the 2003 Iraq War; the 2006 Hezbollah War; and the post-2014 War with the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (IS). The cases indicate that, as realists expect, states' foreign policies chiefly respond to threats and opportunities, as determined by their relative power positions.

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