scholarly journals SOLAR ENERGY: A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF RENEWABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Deepak Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Solar Energy Utilization ◽  
Analytical Review

This paper reports analytical review results on the global and national importance of solar energy as a clean and renewable source of energy. Pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons have higher mean monthly sunshine duration (about 8 hours/day) than summer (about 5 hours/day) and winter (about 7 hours/day) seasons in Kathmandu. The lowest sunshine duration during summer season is attributed to the effect of monsoonal clouds during that period. Pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons receive solar energy of about 250 W/m2 and 200 W/m2 respectively. The winter season receives the least amount of solar radiation (about 150 W/m2). Results show high prospect of solar energy utilization both in rural and urban areas of Nepal.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in the Population of Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa, Inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
K.C. Soni ◽  
A.N. Sharma ◽  
V.C. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Juvenile Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black ibis was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28°15′N and 74°55′E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 35 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 19 were located in the urban area and 16 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to August in 2003, 2004 and 2005. However, the number was highest from June 2004 to August 2004 and lowest from June 2006 to August 2006. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from January 2004 to April 2004. Maximum 17 juvenile birds were observed in the months of May and June 2004 and October 2005 while the minimum 4 juveniles were observed in January 2005. An average 40.08±3.62 and 35.33±4.61 in 2003, 42.5±4.81 and 43.16±8.69 in 2004, 42.16±4.23 and 38.33±4.47 in 2005 and 36.25±3.81 and 34.91±4.52 in 2006 ibises were recorded in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of ibis i.e. 101 individuals, occurred in the month of June, 2004. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black ibis in the study area because of the non availability of preferential food, particularly insects.Key words: Seasonal variation, population, Black ibis, arid zone, Rajasthan, IndiaDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2571Our Nature (2009) 7:193-202

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in the population of Black kite (Milvus migrans), inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
K. C Soni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black kite (Milvus migrans) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black kite was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28o 15’ N and 74o 55’ E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 46 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 34 were located in the urban area and 12 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to September 2012, 2013 and 2014. However, the maximum numbers of Black kite were during August 2012 and July 2014 and minimum were during November 2012 and February 2012. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from September 2014 to December 2014. Maximum 28 and 22 juvenile birds were observed in the month of August 2012 and July 2013 while the minimum 4 juvenile were observed in February 2012, March 2013 and November 2014. An average 25.41 ±SD12.4 and 42.33 ±SD 18.82in 2102, 27.33 ±SD 9.19 and  54.25 ±SD  14.9 in 2013, 20.90 ±SD 5.05and 43.08 ±SD 12.75in 2014 Black kites were observed in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of Black kites i.e. 134 individuals, occurred in the month of August 2012. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black kite in the study area because of the non-availability of preferential food.

On energy equity and China’s policy choices

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqing Xu ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Environmental Equity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
Political Economic

Energy is a resource that is essential to economic, cultural, and social development. As China’s economy enters its “new normal” state, it risks falling into the middle income trap, and energy equity is critical for China to get rid of the middle income trap, considering the great gap on energy utilization (including quantity, quality, and infrastructure) between rural and urban areas and the negligence of environmental equity. This article explains the political, economic, and environmental significance of energy equity from the perspectives of the energy trilemma, Engel’s coefficient, and environmental equity. After analyzing the meaning of energy consumption equity and environmental equity and identifying the problems facing China in these aspects, the authors suggest that China can do the following to promote energy equity: (1) ensure access to modern energy; (2) intensify the focus on environmental protection; (3) employ a nexus approach to energy management; (4) establish an energy eco-compensation mechanism; and (5) implement differential environmental protection standards and measures.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document