scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in the Population of Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa, Inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
K.C. Soni ◽  
A.N. Sharma ◽  
V.C. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Juvenile Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black ibis was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28°15′N and 74°55′E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 35 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 19 were located in the urban area and 16 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to August in 2003, 2004 and 2005. However, the number was highest from June 2004 to August 2004 and lowest from June 2006 to August 2006. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from January 2004 to April 2004. Maximum 17 juvenile birds were observed in the months of May and June 2004 and October 2005 while the minimum 4 juveniles were observed in January 2005. An average 40.08±3.62 and 35.33±4.61 in 2003, 42.5±4.81 and 43.16±8.69 in 2004, 42.16±4.23 and 38.33±4.47 in 2005 and 36.25±3.81 and 34.91±4.52 in 2006 ibises were recorded in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of ibis i.e. 101 individuals, occurred in the month of June, 2004. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black ibis in the study area because of the non availability of preferential food, particularly insects.Key words: Seasonal variation, population, Black ibis, arid zone, Rajasthan, IndiaDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2571Our Nature (2009) 7:193-202

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in the population of Black kite (Milvus migrans), inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
K. C Soni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black kite (Milvus migrans) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black kite was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28o 15’ N and 74o 55’ E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 46 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 34 were located in the urban area and 12 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to September 2012, 2013 and 2014. However, the maximum numbers of Black kite were during August 2012 and July 2014 and minimum were during November 2012 and February 2012. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from September 2014 to December 2014. Maximum 28 and 22 juvenile birds were observed in the month of August 2012 and July 2013 while the minimum 4 juvenile were observed in February 2012, March 2013 and November 2014. An average 25.41 ±SD12.4 and 42.33 ±SD 18.82in 2102, 27.33 ±SD 9.19 and  54.25 ±SD  14.9 in 2013, 20.90 ±SD 5.05and 43.08 ±SD 12.75in 2014 Black kites were observed in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of Black kites i.e. 134 individuals, occurred in the month of August 2012. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black kite in the study area because of the non-availability of preferential food.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

Gender and sexual minorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Richard Bradlow ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Suraj Beloskar ◽  
Gurvinder Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Push And Pull

A person’s living environment can have substantial impact on his/her mental health due to a range of factors related to the environment. It has often been argued that urban settings are a hotpot of sociocultural evolutions that attract individuals from the gender and sexual minority (GSM) groups. This has led to migration from rural to urban areas and also from one urban area to another urban area. Various push and pull factors in both the rural and urban areas help GSM individuals decide in which direction to move. While rural areas present with challenges such as social isolation within a homophobic/transphobic environment, urban areas also have their own unique set of challenges for the GSM population. In this chapter, we focus on various factors in both rural and urban settings that impact on the mental health of GSM population.

scholarly journals Applicability of three complementary relationship models for estimating actual evapotranspiration in urban area

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nakamichi ◽  
Toshitsugu Moroizumi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The characteristics of evapotranspiration estimated by the complementary relationship actual evapotranspiration (CRAE), the advection-aridity (AA), and the modified advection-aridity (MAA) models were investigated in six pairs of rural and urban areas of Japan in order to evaluate the applicability of the three models the urban area. The main results are as follows: 1) The MAA model could apply to estimating the actual evapotranspiration in the urban area. 2) The actual evapotranspirations estimated by the three models were much less in the urban area than in the rural. 3) The difference among the estimated values of evapotranspiration in the urban areas was significant, depending on each model, while the difference among the values in the rural areas was relatively small. 4) All three models underestimated the actual evapotranspiration in the urban areas from humid surfaces where water and green spaces exist. 5) Each model could take the effect of urbanization into account.

scholarly journals The relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Putri Noer Fadilah ◽  
Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽  
Andi Supriatna ◽  
Sri Sarwendah ◽  
Ratih Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in the past decades. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology, including host (saliva and teeth), microbiology (plaque), substrate (diet), and time. The role of fermentable carbohydrates intake as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia. Methods: The method used was an analytical cross-sectional study with pathfinder survey based on the WHO basic methods of oral health surveys. The data were collected through intraoral examination, and nutritional status measurement was done by using food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis used was the chi-square test. Results: From the study towards 100 preschool children resulted the prevalence of dental caries in rural and urban area respectively was 96 and 92%. The average value of deft index in urban area was 8.46 (95% CI:7.00-9.91) and was 7.98 (95% CI:6.50-9.45) in rural area. The average value of sucrose intake frequency in urban area was 237.14 (95% CI:204.95-269.32), whilst in rural area was 177.54 (95% CI:155.66-199.41). Conclusion: There was a relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Camel Rearing in Urban and Rural Areas of Bikaner District

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sohel Mohammad ◽  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Vinod Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ecological Importance

In terms of numerical importance, the camel ranks only as a minor domestic animal. The world population of camels consists of about 17.5 million compared with 1270 million cattle, 1145 million sheep, 822 million pigs, 494 million goats, 138 million water buffaloes and 65 million horses. Yet, population statistics alone does not adequately reflect the ecological importance and historical significance of the camel for human cultural development. From an ecological perspective, camel husbandry is the only means of exploiting the arid zone that composes about one third of the land surface of the earth. Camel pastorals are the only substance strategy that makes it possible to utilize this vast area for food production in a sustainable way. Thriving on a diet of thorny, fibrous and often very salty plants, camels convert the scattered vegetation of the desert into highly nutritious food and other forms of energy. Camels are able to produce large qualities of milk, wheat meat, wool and dung thrown in as by products. The article provides an overview on economic background of camel owners in rural and urban areas as well as different communities of Bikaner district and it is concerned with the utilization pattern of camels, the quality of food and water and the perception of camel owners towards declining number of camel in different landscape and communities of Bikaner.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROBENTOS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGI PENENTUAN KUALITAS AIR DI AREA PERKOTAAAN DAN DI PEDESAAAN LAMPUNG

BIOLOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Agus Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Village

This has not been known as a comparison of macrobentos diversity between rural and urban areas. Based on this, it is necessary to analyze the comparison of Macrobentos in the urban area with rural areas. The river which is in the analogues of urban areas is the river Way Belau (Bandar Lampung) and the river Well Putri (Bandar Lampung), while the river which is in the area of the river in the countryside is the Pasir Sakti (East Lampung) and the River Raman Pujodadi (Trimurjo). The purpose of this study is to compare the diversity of Macrobentos in urban areas with rural areap. The type of research in this article is descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the diversity of macrobentos between rivers that exist in rural areas with rivers that exist in urban areas. The rivers in the village area nudge have more macro-bentos diversity compared to existing rivers in urban areas.

scholarly journals Leisure times of their children from mother’s percpective: The effect of rural and urban lifeAnne perspektifinden çocuklarının serbest zamanları: Kırsal ve kentsel yaşamın etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3130
Author(s):  
Ezgi Ertüzün ◽  
Hüseyin Gökçe ◽  
Erhan Alabay
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Structured Observation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the leisure time activities of the children from mothers’ perspective dwelling in rural and urban area. Totally 23 mothers from rural and urban life formed the sample of the study. It was a qualitative research in terms of the techniques used in the resolution of the obtained data. Semi-structured observation form developed by the researchers was used in the study. The matters of semi-structured interview consisted of some questions evaluating the perception of mothers’ leisure time concept and the leisure time activities of the children from mothers’ perspective. Sub-themes were formed from the each question and these themes were supported by mother’s opinion. In both areas children spend their leisure times with their mothers the most. After that, children mostly spend time with their friends in rural areas, and fathers in urban areas secondly. It is stated that none of the urban based children spend time with their friends. ÖzetYaşamın ilk dönemi olan çocukluk döneminde serbest zaman aktiviteleri çocuklara oyun kavramı ile yansır. Oyunun çocuk üzerindeki etkisi açıktır ve buna bağlı olarak kırsal ve kentsel alanlarda yaşayan annelerin bakış açılarının çocuklarının serbest zaman aktivitelerine nasıl yansıdığı merak uyandırmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada kırsal ve kentsel yaşam süren annelerin, kendilerinin çocukluk dönemine ilişkin ve çocuklarının serbest zaman etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesine ilişkin görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini kırsal ve kentsel yaşam süren toplam 23 anne oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesi açısından nitel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş yarı yapılandırılmış gözlem formu kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme maddeleri, annelerin serbest zaman kavramı algılarını ve anne perspektifinden çocuklarının serbest zaman etkinliklerini değerlendiren sorulardan oluşmuştur. Her bir sorudan alt temalar oluşturulmuş ve bu temalar anne görüşleri ile desteklenmiştir. Her iki bölgede yaşam süren çocukların serbest zamanlarını en çok anneleri ile geçirdikleri, daha sonrasında ise kırsal bölgelerde arkadaşlarla, kentsel bölgelerde babalarla vakit geçirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Kentsel bölgedeki çocukların hiç birinin serbest zamanlarını arkadaşlarıyla geçirmedikleri tespit edilmiştir.

scholarly journals Kadar glukosa darah dan tekanan darah pada penduduk pedesaan dan perkotaan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmini Tasmini ◽  
Arta Farmawati ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRAK Sebagian besar penduduk di daerah pedesaan bertaraf ekonomi menengah ke bawah, memiliki keterbatasan akses informasi, dan memiliki mata pencaharian berbeda dibanding penduduk kota. Bantar Kulon merupakan daerah pedesaan dan Kronggahan adalah daerah perkotaan di Yogyakarta. Mengingat terjadinya pergeseran pola penyakit dari penyakit menular ke penyakit tidak menular serta adanya pengaruh lingkungan dan gaya hidup terhadap terjadinya penyakit degeneratif, dilakukan pengkajian mengenai faktor risiko sindroma metabolik di dua daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan tekanan darah (TD), serta keluhan/ penyakit utama pada penduduk di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Sebanyak 71 orang dari Bantar Kulon dan 91 orang dari Kronggahan diperiksa kadar GDP menggunakan GCU Multi-Function Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Tekanan darah diperiksa menggunakan sphygmomanometer raksa dan otomatis. Faktor risiko GDP dan TD kedua lokasi ditampilkan dalam bentuk deskriptif berdasarkan cut-off (GDP: ≥100mg/dL; TD: ≥140/90 mmHg). Uji t atau Mann Whitney U dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaaan nilai variabel antar kedua lokasi. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p<0,05. Data keluhan kesehatan ditampilkan secara deskriptif. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar GDP antara desa dan kota (p=0,385). Persentase subjek yang memiliki GDP ≥ 100 mg/dL lebih banyak di kota dibanding desa (42,3% vs 26,4%). Persentase hipertensi berdasarkan pemeriksaan lebih tinggi di kota dibanding desa (50,5% vs 33,8%). Berdasarkan wawancara, keluhan/ penyakit tertinggi pada kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi sebanyak 23 orang (33,82%) di desa dan 30 (32,97%) di kota. Disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko GDP di atas normal lebih banyak ditemukan di desa sedangkan hipertensi lebih banyak ditemukan di kota. Keluhan/ penyakit utama di kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi.KATA KUNCI kadar glukosa darah; penyakit metabolik; hipertensi; pedesaan; perkotaan             ABSTRACT Most people living in rural areas are from lower to middle income class, have limited access to information, and have different occupations compared to those in urban areas. In Yogyakarta, Bantar Kulon is a rural area, while Kronggahan is an urban area. Currently, the pattern of disease is shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases with environment and lifestyle factors as determinants. Thus, it is necessary to study the trends of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in both areas. This study aimed to seek the difference of  fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), and major complaints/illness between rural and urban areas. 71 people from Bantar Kulon and 91 people from Kronggahan were examined for FBG levels using GCU Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Blood pressures were checked using sphygmomanometer. Risk factors for FBG and BP were presented as frequencies based on cut-offs (FBG: ≥100mg/dL; BP: ≥140/90 mmHg). T-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the difference in variables between both areas. Results were significantly different if p <0.05. Health complaint data were displayed descriptively. There was no difference in FBG level between rural and urban areas (p = 0.385). The percentage of subjects with  FBG ≥ 100 mg / dL was higher in Kronggahan than in Bantar Kulon (42.3% vs 26.4%). Based on examination, percentage of hypertension was higher in urban than rural areas (50.5% vs. 33.8%). Based on interviews, the top complaint/ disease in both areas was hypertension. The number of subjects who were diagnosed with hypertension were 23 (33,82%) and 30 (32,97%) from Bantar Kulon and Kronggahan respectively. Impaired fasting glucose was more common in Bantar Kulon (rural area) while hypertension is more common in Kronggahan (urban area). The main complaint / disease in both regions is hypertension.KEYWORDS blood glucose; metabolic syndrome; hypertension; rural area; urban area

scholarly journals Differences in the oral health behaviour of the 12-years-old children in rural and urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽  
Rina Putri Noer Fadillah ◽  
Andi Supriatna ◽  
Sri Sarwendah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
The City

Introduction: The oral diseases have increased significantly in the past decade. The Health Service of Cimahi reports showed an increasing number of oral diseases. Behaviour plays an important role in preventing oral disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the oral health behavior of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi. Methods: The research type was analytic with the cross-sectional design. The sample was determined using pathfinder survey method from oral health surveys basic methods. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing knowledge and attitudes, observations of practice assessed in the checklist and assessment of the health status of the teeth using the Patient Hygiene Performance Data Index and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that children in both rural and urban areas were having a good knowledge and positive attitude. Both the rural and urban children were doing the improper tooth brushing methods, and the children in the rural area had a fair PHP index value whilst the children in the urban area had a poor value. There were significant differences in the knowledge (p = 0.017), there was no significant difference in the attitude (p = 0.312) and practice (p = 1.000) in children of both rural and urban areas. Conclusion: Difference only found in the oral health knowledge of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi.

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