scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-179
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Salama Morsi ◽  
Abdel Hai. A. Farrag ◽  
Esam E. A. El Sayed ◽  
Ashraf M. T. Elewa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Water from some sources may contain so much salt that it is unsuitable for irrigation because of potential danger to the soil or crops. Irrigation water quality can best be determined by chemical laboratory analysis. The main objectives of this study are to assess the surface water quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, thirty surface water samples were collected from River Nile and main irrigation canals. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO 1985), and (Rowe, et al. 1995), taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydro chemical data. The results show that 97% of surface water samples lie within no restriction on use level and 3% is represent slight to moderate restoration on use according to TDS concentrations. 97 % of surface water samples belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and 3 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC, TDS and SAR). Where 87% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems According Boron content. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the irrigation canals and River Nile; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical characters of the available irrigation water and soil properties.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater in Khan Al-Baghdadi Area, Al- Anbar Province / West of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1978-1993
Author(s):  
Sarmad Jamal Hussien ◽  
Firas Mudhafar Abdulhussein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi  area  included interpretation of physical, chemical and biological properties of 14 wells and 6  surface water samples collected from Euphrates River.. The study covered two periods representing dry and wet periods in October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The surface water samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, fresh water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. While the groundwater samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, brackish water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride and sodium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. The assessment of water for irrigation purposes for both water sources in the dry period showed a Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of no harmful effects, while the Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%) demonstrated a good irrigation Water Class, except for one well with a permissible irrigation Water Class. While in the wet period, all surface and groundwater samples were of a good irrigation Water Class, except for two wells with permissible irrigation Water Class. In terms of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), all surface water samples for the two periods were within the permissible limits of irrigation water quality, whereas groundwater samples for the two periods showed unsuitable limits, except for three wells within the permissible limits of irrigation water quality. The microbiological tests showed that all samples  of surface and groundwater are classified as clean.

scholarly journals Application of Irrigation Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Statistical Techniques for Surface Water Quality Assessments in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Salah Elsayed ◽  
Hend Hussein ◽  
Farahat S. Moghanm ◽  
Khaled M. Khedher ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Under sustainable development conditions, the water quality of irrigation systems is a complex issue which involves the combined effects of several surface water management parameters. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the surface water quality assessment and geochemical controlling mechanisms and to assess the validation of surface water networks for irrigation using six Water Quality Indices (WQIs) supported by multivariate modelling techniques, such as Principal Component Regression (PCR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR) and Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR). A total of 110 surface water samples from a network of surface water cannels during the summers of 2018 and 2019 were collected for this research and standard analytical techniques were used to measure 21 physical and chemical parameters. The physicochemical properties revealed that the major ions concentrations were reported in the following order: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and alkalinity > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F−. The trace elements concentrations were reported in the following order: Fe > Mn > B > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd. The surface water belongs to the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− and Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42− water types, under a stress of silicate weathering and reverse ion exchange process. The computation of WQI values across two years revealed that 82% of samples represent a high class and the remaining 18% constitute a medium class of water quality for irrigation use with respect to the Irrigation Water Quality (IWQ) value, while the Sodium Percentage (Na%) values across two years indicated that 96% of samples fell into in a healthy class and 4% fell into in a permissible class for irrigation. In addition, the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Kelley Index (KI) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values revealed that all surface water samples were appropriate for irrigation use. The PCR and SVMR indicated accurate and robust models that predict the six WQIs in both datasets of the calibration (Cal.) and validation (Val.), with R2 values varying from 0.48 to 0.99. The SMLR presented estimated the six WQIs well, with an R2 value that ranged from 0.66 to 0.99. In conclusion, WQIs and multivariate statistical analyses are effective and applicable for assessing the surface water quality. The PCR, SVMR and SMLR models provided robust and reliable estimates of the different indices and showed the highest R2 and the highest slopes values close to 1.00, as well as minimum values of RMSE in all models.

scholarly journals Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Magda M. Abou El-Safa ◽  
Mohamed Farouk ◽  
Hend Hussein ◽  
Ashwaq M. Alnemari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of rising population and unplanned development, impacting ecosystem health. The water quality parameters of Qaroun Lake are contaminated to varying degrees, particularly for aquatic life consumption. For that, the objective of this work is to improve the assessments of surface water quality and to determine the different geo-environmental parameters affecting the lake environmental system in Qaroun Lake utilizing the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) and four pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), contamination index (Cd), and pollution index (PI), that are enhanced by multivariate analyses as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine regression (SVMR). Surface water samples were collected at 16 different locations from the lake during years 2018 and 2019. Thirteen physiochemical parameters were measured and used to calculate water quality indices (WQIs). The WQIs of Qaroun Lake such WAWQI, HPI, MI, Cd, PI revealed a different degree of contamination, with respect to aquatic life utilization. The WQIs result revealed that surface water in the lake is unsuitable, high polluted, and seriously affected by pollution for an aquatic environment. The PI findings revealed that surface water samples of Qaroun Lake were significantly impacted by Al, moderately affected by Cd and Cu, and while slightly affected by Zn due to uncontrolled releases of domestic and industrial wastewater. Furthermore, increasing salinity accelerates the deterioration of the lake aquatic environment. Therefore, sewage and drainage wastewater should be treated before discharging into the lake. The SVMR models based on physiochemical parameters presented the highest performance as an alternative method to predict the WQIs. For example, the calibration (Val.) and the validation (Val.) models performed best in assessing the WQIs with R2 (0.99) and with R2 (0.97–0.99), respectively. Finally, a combination of WQIs, CA, PCA, and SVMR approaches could be employed to assess surface water quality in Qaroun Lake.

scholarly journals RANGE AND AVERAGE OF HYDROCHEMICAL RATIOS OF THE DIFFERENT SURFACE WATER SAMPLES IN RIVER NILE AND CANALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
M. WASSEL ◽  
G. EL-KADY ◽  
S. EL-DEMERDASHE ◽  
A. MAHMOD
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN ABU-ZAABAL AREA, EASTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
RAGAA EL-SHEIKH ◽  
IBRAHIM HEGAZY ◽  
EHAB ZAGHLOOL ◽  
MOHAMED E. A. ALI ◽  
AYMAN A. GOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Objective: The study presents simple tools for water resources quality classification based on its chemical compositions in Abu Zaabal area, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt and assess the water quality for different uses. Methods: 31 water samples were collected from different water resources in the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical relations, contour maps and statistical methods were used to estimate the contamination indices and evaluate the water resources for different purposes. Results: 83.3% of groundwater samples is fresh water and 16.7% are brackish water. 85.7% of surface water samples are fresh and 14.3% is saline. 92% of groundwater samples and 71.5% of surface water samples are very hard water. According to HPI values, 8% of the quaternary groundwater samples are good, 4% are poor, 4% are very poor and 84% of the samples are unsuitable. All groundwater samples and 71% of surface water samples are contaminated with respect to ammonia. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of TDS and heavy metal may be due to the clay nature of the soil, the marine sediments in the aquifer matrix together with the dissolution and leaching of minerals from agricultural, anthropogenic and industrial activities. The groundwater in the polluted zones is considered unsuitable for human drinking.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index for quality characterization of Parbati River, Northwestern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Renu Lata ◽  
Nandini Thakur ◽  
Vishal Bajala ◽  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Surface Water Samples

AbstractThe present study is an attempt to accomplish the understanding of the factors impacting Parbati river water quality in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The main objective is to assess the overall water quality, to explore its hydrogeochemical characteristics including major ion contents and other chemical parameters using Water Quality Index (WQI), statistical techniques (principal component analysis) and conventional graphical representation such as Piper trilinear diagram, Durov. Eighteen surface water samples were collected from different altitudinal sites to analyze physico-chemical parameters for June 2019 and September 2019. Analytical outcomes of thirty-six surface water samples collected in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon seasons are well within the permissible limits as per BIS, 2012 and WHO 2011 for drinking and domestic purposes. Water quality characterization for the assigned use shows that maximum surface water samples fall under excellent to good water quality index and are suitable for drinking without conventional treatment. The Piper trilinear diagram classified 100% of surface water samples for both seasons’ falls in the fields of Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− water type indicating temporary hardness. Abundance of ions in the water samples is in the order: anions HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3− and cations Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+>K+. PCA identifies that the surface water chemistry is influenced by natural factors as well as minor anthropogenic activities in both the seasons. The correlation matrix has been prepared to analyse and observe the significance of the factors on the assessment of river water quality. Periodic assessment of surface water samples of the Parbati river and adjoining areas should be carried out. This approach will help in finding out any contamination of water occurring due to rapid socio-economic development as well as explosion of tourism industry in the region. Present study will work as baseline database for any future work in the region.

scholarly journals Assess impact ability of waste-water of Vinh Loc industrial zone to running water quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Van Thi Thuy Le ◽  
Nga Ngoc Dao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Running Water

At Vinh Loc industrial zone, people exploit well-water for domestic purpose. Pleistocene and upper Pliocene aquifers have been exploited primarily because of their qualities. The authors carried out a survey of surface water and ground water quality at the industrial zone to clarify the effect of waste- water to running water. Well-water samples were collected at both two aquifers and arranged toward underground flow. In addition, some of waste-water samples were also collected. The results showed that well-water quality is good, however, ammonia, iron, coliform, suspended solid were found in waste- water and exceeded the standard. The authors accessed influenced ability of waste-water to ground water by studying hydrological geology features of this area. Some of well-water samples had iron, ammonia content that exceeded the standard. It may be due to waste-water from the industrial zone. The surface water received the waste-water and geological features were the favorable conditions for polluted substances that can be flow to aquifers for time.

scholarly journals Molecular Assays for Targeting Human and Bovine Enteric Viruses in Coastal Waters and Their Application for Library-Independent Source Tracking

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2070-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Dale W. Griffin ◽  
Erin K. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Surface Water Samples

ABSTRACT Rapid population growth and urban development along waterways and coastal areas have led to decreasing water quality. To examine the effects of upstream anthropogenic activities on microbiological water quality, methods for source-specific testing are required. In this study, molecular assays targeting human enteroviruses (HEV), bovine enteroviruses (BEV), and human adenoviruses (HAdV) were developed and used to identify major sources of fecal contamination in the lower Altamaha River, Georgia. Two-liter grab samples were collected monthly from five tidally influenced stations between July and December 2002. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription- and nested-PCR. PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridization. Eleven and 17 of the 30 surface water samples tested positive for HAdV and HEV, respectively. Two-thirds of the samples tested positive for either HEV or HAdV, and the viruses occurred simultaneously in 26% of samples. BEV were detected in 11 of 30 surface water samples. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of both human and bovine enteric viruses was not significantly related to either fecal coliform or total coliform levels. The presence of these viruses was directly related to dissolved oxygen and streamflow but inversely related to water temperature, rainfall in the 30 days preceding sampling, and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The stringent host specificity of enteric viruses makes them good library-independent indicators for identification of water pollution sources. Viral pathogen detection by PCR is a highly sensitive and easy-to-use tool for rapid assessment of water quality and fecal contamination when public health risk characterization is not necessary.

scholarly journals Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Water Quality Index for Quality Characterization of Parbati River, Northwestern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Renu Lata ◽  
Nandini Thakur ◽  
Vishal Bajala ◽  
J. C. Kuniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract The present study is an attempt to accomplish the understanding of the factors impacting surface water quality of Parbati river in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The main objective is to assess the overall water quality, to explore its hydrogeochemical characteristics including major ion contents and other chemical parameters using Water Quality Index (WQI), statistical techniques (principal component analysis) and conventional graphical representation such as Piper trillinear diagram, Durov. Eighteen surface water sampling sites were selected to analyze physico-chemical parameters for June 2019 and September 2019. Analytical outcomes of thirty six surface water samples for both seasons are well within the permissible limits as per BIS, 2012 & WHO 2011 for drinking and domestic purposes. Water quality characterization for the assigned use shows that maximum surface water samples falls under excellent to good water quality index and are suitable for drinking without conventional treatment. The Piper trillinear diagram classified 100% of surface water samples for both seasons’ falls in the fields of Ca2+ - Mg2+ -HCO3− water type indicating temporary hardness. Abundance of ions in the water samples is in the order: anions HCO3− > Cl−> SO42−>NO3− and cations Mg2+> Ca2+> Na+> K+. PCA identifies that the surface water chemistry is influenced by natural factors as well as minor anthropogenic activities in both the seasons.

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