scholarly journals FLUVIO-DELTAIC DEPOSITIONAL COMPLEX OF THE CAMPANO-MAASTRICHTIAN GOMBE FORMATION OF THE GONGOLA SUB-BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, N.E. NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Bukar Shettima ◽  
Mohammed Bukar ◽  
Fatimoh Dupe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Stratigraphic Architecture ◽  
Delta System ◽  
Mouth Bars ◽  
Sandstone Facies ◽  
Delta Slope ◽  
Mudstone Facies

Evaluation of the stratigraphic architecture of the Gombe Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin in the Northern Benue Trough indicated a build-up from six facies assemblage that consist of trough crossbedded sandstone, planar crossbedded sandstone, massive bedded sandstone, ripple laminated sandstone, parallel laminated sandstone and mudstones. These units were packaged into three facies association that constitutes of bedded sandstone facies association (FAgI), interbedded sandstone and mudstone facies association (FAgII) and amalgamated trough crossbedded sandstone facies association (FAgIII). These reflects mouth-bars, pro-delta and delta slope deposits and upper delta plain respectively. This deltaic prism is characterized by unidirectional current system devoid of signatures of tide and waves hydrodynamics in the subaqueous delta regions, thus indicating that the delta system of the Gombe Formation is a fluvial dominated delta.

scholarly journals Incised Valley Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue Trough N.E. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 870-876
Author(s):  
Shettima Bukar ◽  
Mohammed Bukar ◽  
Asabe Kuku ◽  
Bintu Shettima ◽  
Ishaku H. Kamale
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
River System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Incised Valley ◽  
Stratigraphic Architecture ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Valley Fills ◽  
Sandstone Facies

This research was carried out in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough aimed at deciphering of the paleo-depositional environment of the Yolde Formation based on facies on facies analysis. Six lithofacies were identified to include trough crossbedded sandstone facies (St), massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm). These build into two facies association of fluvial channel and tidally influenced fluvial channel facies associations. The fluvial successions typical characterizes the lower stratigraphic horizons and their contained dominances of trough crossbedded sandstone facies with high channel to overbank facies and contained mud-clast reflecting deep, high energy braided river system. The submergences of these channels by surging sea level rise generated the tidally influenced fluvial facies association and this package characteristically defines the upper interval stratigraphic architecture of this formation, displaying occasional bi-directional current system and abundant marine ichnogenera. This architectural symmetry is reflective of an incised valley fills, developing as a consequence of Cenomanian transgressive phase induced by the mid-Cretaceous global marine transgression.       

scholarly journals Tidal Flat Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue trough N. E. Nigeria: Implication for Macro-Tidal Coastline

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
B. Shettima ◽  
M. Bukar ◽  
A. Kuku ◽  
H. I. Kamale ◽  
B. Shettima
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Lenticular Bedding ◽  
Sandstone Facies ◽  
Flat Zone ◽  
Mudstone Facies

This research aims to evaluate the facies and facies association of the Yolde Formation at Kware stream in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough with objective of characterizing its paleodepositional environment. Six lithofacies consisting of trough crossbedded sandstone facies (St), massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm) defining its stratal packages were skewed into distinctive assemblages of flaser, wavy and lenticular bedding. This present a fining upward signature with facies association typical of tidal flat system. This is evident of a coastal progradation with sequences reflecting migration of a supra-tidal mudflat over intertidal mixed-flat zone which progressively superposed subtidal sandflats. This is indicative of a coastal shoreline with a relatively progradational phase within the net transgressive regional framework of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation.

scholarly journals SYN-RIFT FLUVIO-LACUSTRINE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM OF THE CRETACEOUS BIMA FORMATION IN THE GONGOLA SUB – BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Shettima Bukar ◽  
Mohammed Bukar ◽  
Fatima Dupe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Subsidence Rate ◽  
Stratigraphic Architecture ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Lacustrine Delta ◽  
Sandstone Facies

The facies analysis of the syn-rift sequences Bima I Formation in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough displayed assemblages of trough crossbedded sandstones facies, planar crossbedded sandstone facies, massive bedded sandstone facies, ripple laminated sandstone facies, parallel bedded sandstone facies and mudstones facies. These arrays of facies form two suites of facies association that consist of the lacustrine-delta complex depicting coarsening upward cycles and fluvial complexes showcasing fining upwards cycle the former accounts for a scenario where the incremental accommodation is lower than the sediment discharge, whereas the latter is reflective of a case where improved subsidence rate induces high accommodation rate that outruns sediment supply. The stratigraphic architecture of the syn-rift Bima I Formation indicated that the lacustrine-delta are restricted to the lower stratigraphic horizons whereas the fluvial complexes essentially defines the upper stratigraphic zones of this formation.

scholarly journals Lower Cretaceous fluvial-deltaic sediments at Kuk, Nugssuaq, West Greenland

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
T. C.R. Pulvertaft
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Channel Morphology ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Mouth Bars

About 140 m of Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Kome Formation overly the gneiss basement in the Kuk, area. Three facies associations have been recognised in these sediments. Facies association A, which dominates the succession, consists essentially of trough cross-bedded coarse subarkosic sandstone alter­nating with dark laminated mudstone rich in coalified plant debris. Sedimentary structures, facies sequ-ences, and channel morphology suggest that this facies association was deposited by distributaries flowing from east-southeast across a delta plain. Facies association B occurs as coarsening-upwards mudstone - rippled fine sandstone - medium-grained sandstone sequences within the fluviatile sediments of facies association A. These sequences are regarded as the deposits of minor mouth bars and crevasse splays that prograded into interdistributary bays. Facies association C, consisting of tabular cross-bedded medium-grained sandstone, is interpreted as having been deposited from transverse bars in the distal part of a sandy braided river that flowed from south-southwest. The sub-Cretaceous sudace was a deeply weathered uneven plain; the present slopes and abrupt steps in this surface are entirely the result of post-Lower Cretaceous faulting and tilting. The sediments are cut off to the east by a major fault.

scholarly journals Tidal Rhythmites Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue Trough N. E. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
B. Shettima ◽  
B. Shettima ◽  
M. Bukar ◽  
B. Shettima ◽  
H. I. Kamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Neap Tide ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Depositional Sequences ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
Sandstone Facies ◽  
Mudstone Facies

Facies evaluation carried out on the Yolde Formation at Gabukka locality in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough was aimed at enacting its paleo-depositional environment. The formation at this locality revealed an intercalated succession of massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel laminated sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm). These successions developed a thinning and thickening stratigraphic profile depicting periodic rhythmic signatures indicating deposits of tidal rhythmites. Thickening rhythmic packages are reflective of a spring tide whereas thinning phases are indicative of neap tide. These depositional sequences are genetic to intense tides conditions, thus an indexing a tide dominated oceanographic within the course of development of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation.

Deposition of the Cambrian continental rise: the St. Roch Formation near St. Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy G. Strong ◽  
Roger G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Section ◽  
Continental Rise ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Sandstone Facies ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Mudstone Facies

Detailed mapping between Plage Victor and St. Jean-Port-Joli has enabled us to add a 550 m section to the top of the existing 450 m section of Hubert, making the longest continuous section anywhere in the Cambrian continental rise, Iapetus margin of North America. Our section can be divided into four main facies. The red mudstone facies makes up 30% of the section, and contains thin classical turbidites with easterly flow directions. The classical turbidite facies include both calcareous and siliceous turbidites, mostly Bouma BCE types, in beds up to about 1 m thick. Flow directions are again mostly to the east. The massive and pebbly sandstone facies occurs in units up to nearly 100 m thick, and contains both massive and normally graded beds with many fluid-escape features and rare trough cross-bedding. Occurrences of this facies normally have channelled bases, and there are several 5–10 m thick thinning- and fining-upward sequences. Paleoflow directions are southeasterly. The slurry facies includes massive to graded slurry beds, interpreted as debris flow deposits, and slurry breccias that incorporate slabs of interbedded sandstone.We interpret the red mudstones and classical turbidites as base-of-slope, continental rise deposits. The generally easterly and east-southeasterly flow directions suggest a local dip of the continental rise in that direction. The massive and pebbly sandstones represent the fill of feeder channels incised into the rise with southeast, oblique-to-maximum-dip, directions. The absence of thickening-upward sequences in the various turbidite facies suggests the absence of conventional submarine fans, perhaps due to the dominantly fine-grained material forming the lower slope and rise in this area.

Trace fossils from marginal marine facies of the Kanawha Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), West Virginia

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Martino
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
Biogenic Structures ◽  
Mouth Bars ◽  
Sandstone Facies

Seven sedimentary facies have been identified in a 40-m-thick portion of the Kanawha Formation near Chelyan in southern West Virginia. Lithology, sedimentary and biogenic structures, body fossils, paleocurrent patterns, and facies geometry have been used to identify the following paleoenvironments: Facies 1, fluviodeltaic channels represented by thick, cross-stratified channel sandstone; Facies 2, crevasse splays and tidal creeks represented by thin, cross-stratified wedge and channel sandstone; Facies 3, coastal swamps and lakes represented by coal seat and carbonaceous shale; Facies 4, restricted bay and upper tidal flats represented by dark-gray shale, mudstone; Facies 5, interdistributary bays represented by olive-gray siltstone and shale with brachiopods; Facies 6, bay or tidal flat scour fills represented by sandy limestone with brachiopods and pelmatozoans; and Facies 7, low to mid tidal flats and distributary mouth bars represented by thinly interbedded, rippled sandstone and siltstone.Trace fossils representing 17 ichnogenera are present with most being restricted to certain sedimentary facies. Three ichnoassemblages are recognized. 1) An annulated vertical burrow assemblage, consisting of arthropod(?) dwellings, occurs in an abandoned fluvial channel facies. 2) A Phycodes–Zoophycos assemblage is associated with dark-gray shales and mudstones of a restricted bay and/or upper tidal flat environment. Additional ichnogenera include Planolites and ?Conostichus. 3) An Olivellites assemblage with a high abundance and a high diversity of trace fossils occurs within a rippled sandstone/siltstone facies; trace fossils include (in order of abundance) Olivellites, Teichichnus, Planolites, Aulichnites, transversely ridged surface trails, Rosselia, Scolicia, Curvolithus, Helminthopsis, Tasmanadia, Petalichnus, Ancorichnus, and ?Asterosoma. The associated depositional environments are interpreted as low to mid tidal flats and possibly distributary mouth bars.The occurrence of salinity-sensitive trace fossils such as the assemblages described herein within otherwise faunally barren intervals facilitates the recognition of marine-influenced coastal facies in which stenohaline or brackish body fossils are lacking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document