Modification Of Various Product Pipeline System: Optimization and Scheduling

The optimal scheduling system of multi product pipelines is benefited to improve the economy and safety transportation. This paper addresses how to optimize detailed schedules of a multi-product pipeline. The study covers multi fluid pipeline by national pipeline company which is 130 Km. We concern with batching of (Gas oil, Jet fuel, Naphtha, Gasoline 80, Gasoline 95) and here comes the problem of contamination of one fluid with another which is leading fluid. This study estimates the volume of mixing zone for each interface by equation of Austin J.E and palfrey J.R, determines contaminated volume cost and storage volume needed for each cycle and assures that transportation is within flat zone and yield minimum value of interface volume providing the optimum multi-product pipeline scheduling.

Water Erosion and Sediment Transport in an Ungauged Semiarid Area: The Case of Hodna Basin in Algeria

This study aims to estimate the eroded and transported sediment yields from the The Hodna basin (26,000 km2) situated in central Algeria by two approaches. In the first model, the data of the gauged subbasins are extrapolated to the ungauged areas based on the homogeneity of factors that influence the water erosion-sediment transport process. In this approach, the specific eroded and transported sediment yield in the Hodna basin is estimated to be 425 t/km2/yr. In an alternative approach, the eroded yield is estimated by mapping erosion using the (RUSLE) in a GIS environment. The obtained results show a high eroded sediment yield of approximately 610 t/km2/yr.The observed difference between the results of the two approaches can be explained by the amount of sediment that is eroded but is not transported by runoff.These two methods show high eroded and transported sediment yield values in the Hodna basin region; these high yields may seriously threaten the central flat zone with progressive deposition.

On the modeling of pulp properties in CTMP processes

The goal of this paper is to model the pulp properties fiber length, shives width and freeness. This will be done utilizing specific energy, flat zone inlet consistency and the internal variables, consistencies and fiber residence times estimated from refining zone soft sensors. The models are designed using more than 3600 hours of data from a RGP82CD refiner. The pulp properties are sampled using a measurement device positioned after the latency chest. Such measurements are noisy and irregularly sampled which opens for a number of challenges to overcome in modeling procedures. In this paper it is shown that the models for shives width and fiber length are capable of predicting most of the major dynamics. However, for freeness no reliable linear models can be derived. When estimating fiber length, the specific energy together with flat zone inlet consistency, fiber residence times and the consistency in the conical zone were the dominant inputs. For shives width it was found that a similar set of inputs resulted in the best models, except that the consistencies during normal process conditions did not significantly influence shives width. Furthermore, fiber residence times were shown to have considerably more pronounced impact on fiber length compared with shives width estimates.

Variety and its quality in energy-saving tomato production technology

In the 21st century, the share of the variety in the formation of the size and quality of the crop will increase from 20-40 to 70 % or more. It is obvious that the role of the variety increases significantly not only in increasing productive, but also medium-improving functions of agrophytocenosis, including soil-improving, phytosanitary, bioenergy, design – aesthetic, etc. A lot of attention is paid to the appearance, texture, taste properties of fruits, which increase their dietary value and overall attractiveness to buyers. Methods. The research was carried out at the experimental site of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan in 2017–2019. In production conditions, 12 widely used varieties of tomato have been tested in the seedling culture in recent years. The samples were studied using the ACIRO methodology and the State Crop Testing Methodology. Results. Promising varieties with high adaptability and stability in extreme conditions of the flat zone of the republic have been revealed. We have established morpho-anatomical and physiological changes in varieties of stamp forms, which determine their reduced, compared to the unstamable forms of resistance to drought, which significantly inhibit production processes in dry years. The most economic was the cultivation of varieties with high yields of standard fruits - Mariana, Mirage, F1 Andromeda. The cultivation of the Hussar variety cost 1.6 times more than F1 Andromeda. The cost of obtaining 1t standard harvest for other varieties was significantly higher. Scientific novelty is to study the sign of a reduction in the duration of the growing season in the combination of the size and yield of fruits on the biochemical composition, taste and technological, which is overcoming negative bonds, or to achieve a compromise combination. In the process of creating new ones and testing them, these evaluation criteria should be decisive.

Tidal Flat Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue trough N. E. Nigeria: Implication for Macro-Tidal Coastline

This research aims to evaluate the facies and facies association of the Yolde Formation at Kware stream in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough with objective of characterizing its paleodepositional environment. Six lithofacies consisting of trough crossbedded sandstone facies (St), massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm) defining its stratal packages were skewed into distinctive assemblages of flaser, wavy and lenticular bedding. This present a fining upward signature with facies association typical of tidal flat system. This is evident of a coastal progradation with sequences reflecting migration of a supra-tidal mudflat over intertidal mixed-flat zone which progressively superposed subtidal sandflats. This is indicative of a coastal shoreline with a relatively progradational phase within the net transgressive regional framework of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation.