scholarly journals REMEDIATION ABILITY OF MELON GRASS IN A CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL IN A TROPICAL REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Uwazie M.C. ◽  
Obijiaku J.C. ◽  
Onukwuli O.D. ◽  
Babayemi A.K ◽  
Umeuzuegbu J.C
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Favourable Result ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Estimation Of Time ◽  
Remediation Of Soil ◽  
Do So

The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of a chosen grass (plant) in the remediation of soil contaminated by crude oil. Lemon grass was used in this study to remediate the polluted soil because of its perceived ability to do so. Five wooden boxes were fabricated, and 150kg of soil were introduced to each of them. Four of the boxes were contaminated with different concentrations of crude oil, while two out of these four boxes were amended with cow dung. One of the boxes that served as control was neither contaminated nor amended. Lemon seeds were then planted in all the boxes and allowed to grow for the period of 12 weeks. Analysis were done at the beginning, during and after the plant growth in order to determine the rate of remediation, with particular interest in the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon), and few other heavy metals; copper, magnesium, aluminum. Two concentrations of contamination were artificially made (75g and 150g). The TPH, Pb, Zn and Ni contents of the 75g crude oil contaminated soil were 6.784µg/g, 0.485mg/kg, 0.867mg/kg and 0.030mg/kg respectively. It reduced to 6.356µg/g, 0.058mg/kg, 0.560mg/kg and 0.043mg/kg respectively after remediation. The TPHPb, Zn and Nicontents of the 150g crude oil contaminated soil were 9.109µg/g, 0.699mg/kg, 0.851mg/kg and 0.032mg/kg respectively. It reduced 7.713µg/g, 0.059mg/kg, 0.506mg/kg and 0.057mg/kg respectively after remediation. An interesting observation was that, amending the contaminated soil with cow dung gave a favourable result in remediating the contaminants. It took about 80months to remediate TPH to an acceptable level of 0.013µg/g, but over 150months to do the same for an unamended soil. This finding can be applicable in the estimation of time requirement for the remediation of crude oil polluted soil by concerned stake holders.

scholarly journals Percentage Bioremediation Assessment of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
S. A. Ngah ◽  
R. N. Okparanma ◽  
O. Ule ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess Percentage Bioremediation of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in hydrocarbon contaminated soil Place and Duration of Study: A portion of Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50’’N and Latitude 6o58’39.12’’E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 m2. Bioremediation monitoring lasted for 56 days, analysis carried out weekly (per 7 days’ interval). Methodology: Five (5) experimental plots employing the Randomized Block Design were used each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 30 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) = 150,000cm3. Baseline study of the uncontaminated and the deliberately contaminated agricultural soil was investigated for its microbiota and physico-chemical properties. Two of these plots were designated as pristine (Unpolluted soil) (CTRL 1) and crude oil contaminated soil without nutrient organics and bioaugmenting microbes (CTRL 2); these two serve as controls. Each of the experimental plots, except the control (CTRL 1), was contaminated with 2500 cm3 (2122.25 g) of crude oil giving initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) value of 8729.00 mg/kg. The crude oil polluted soil in Plot 3 was further treated with 750 ml of Mucor racemosus broth (CS+Muc), Plot 4 was treated with 3000 g of Spent Mushroom Substrate (CS+SMS) while plot 5 was treated with the combination of both (CS+Muc+SMS). The plots were left for 7 days to ensure even distribution and soil-oil bonding. Sampling was done at seven-day interval (Day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56).  Physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) throughout the experimental period. Microbial parameters monitored were Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF). Percentage (%) Bioremediation was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to day 56 in relation to control plots.  Net % Bioremediation were also assessed to ascertain the actual potential of treatment agents singly or combined. Results: Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) (CFU/g) recorded on day 7 and day 56 of the bioremediation were; day 7; CTRL 1 – US (1.07 x109), CTRL- CS (5.4 x108), CS+Muc (3.0 x108), CS+SMS (4.6 x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (5.0 x108). On day 56, data obtained were CTRL 1 –US (9.4 x108), CTRL 2 –CS (7.2 x109), CS+Muc (3.7 x108), CS+SMS (8.1x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (6.8 x108). The increase in number in the treated plots is a depiction of an increase in activity of the organism and the stimulating effect of bio-organics SMS while the untreated plot CTRL 1-US showed decrease in population at day 56. Similar trend showed for Total Heterotrophic Fungi. Generally, it was observed that the highest growth/ count was recorded at the 7th and 8th week (day 42 or day 49), at the 9th week there was an observable decrease; probably due to depletion of nutrients and other factors such as rainfall and seepage. The Net Percentage Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria and Fungi (Net %HUB and Net %HUF) were highest in Crude Oil contaminated plot treated with Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) singly; that is (CS+SMS) (11.02% and 12.07%) and lowest in the uncontaminated soil – Control (CTRL 1 –US) (5.41% and 9.26%) respectively. The trend in decreasing order of Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria were as follows: CS+SMS (11.02%) > CS+Muc+SMS (10.14%) > CS+Muc (9.43%) > CTRL 2 –CS (8.1%) > CTRL 1 –US (5.41%) while Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi followed similar trend and were: CS+SMS (12.07%) > CS+Muc+SMS (11.76%) = CS+Muc (11.76%) > CTRL 2 –CS (11.05%) > CTRL 1 –US (9.26%). Evaluation of Amount of Crude Oil or Hydrocarbon remediated and Net %Bioremediation revealed Crude Oil contaminated plot augmented with Mucor racemosus broth singly (CS+Muc) as having the highest bioremediation potential while the least is the untreated soil. The trend is as follows:  CS+Muc (8599.19 mg/kg; 33.93%) > CS+Muc+SMS (8298.95 mg/kg; 32.74%) > CS+SMS (8197.03 mg/kg; 32.34%) > CTRL 2 –CS (166.54 mg/kg; 0.66%) > CTRL 1 –US (85.48 mg/kg; 0.34%) Conclusion: This shows that a single nutrient substrate or augmenting microorganism applied appropriately may have a more positive result, that is; higher bioremediation potential than combined or multiple mixed treatments. It was further observed that microbial counts decreased with time in treatments with augmenting organisms alone but increased considerably in treatments supplement with organics having its peak on the 49th day.   It is therefore recommended that bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using bio-augmenting microorganism should be applied appropriately noting the volume: area ratio and be supplemented with efficient nutrient organics after every 49-day interval.

scholarly journals INDUCED DEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL BY MICROBIAL AUGMENTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER UWADIAE ◽  
EMIKE OMOAYENA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Percentage Removal

This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of indigenous microbes for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil by first increasing the population of the indigenous microbes via bioaugmentation. Soil samples were treated using a consortium of bacteria: Bacillus substilis and Pseudomonas sp. which were isolated and cultured from the contaminated soil. The non-bacteria injected soil sample had the highest hydrocarbon content (THC) of 271.021 in comparison with the other soil samples. The THC percentage removal of B1 (96.885 %), B2 (97.562 %), B3 (98.835 %), B4 (99.594 %) and B5 (99.540 %) were higher than that of the control; indicating that biodegradation actually took place.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Potential of Native Hydrocarbons Degrading Bacteria in Crude Oil Polluted Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana MARINESCU ◽  
Anca LACATUSU ◽  
Eugenia GAMENT ◽  
Georgiana PLOPEANU ◽  
Vera CARABULEA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Native Crude ◽  
Petroleum Pollutants

Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil is an effective process to clean petroleum pollutants from the environment. Crude oil bioremediation of soils is limited by the bacteria activity in degrading the spills hydrocarbons. Native crude oil degrading bacteria were isolated from different crude oil polluted soils. The isolated bacteria belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter and Bacillus. A natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum were used for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from an artificial polluted soil. For soil polluted with 5% crude oil, the bacterial top, including those placed in the soil by inoculation was 30 days after impact, respectively 7 days after inoculum application, while in soil polluted with 10% crude oil,  multiplication top of bacteria was observed in the determination made at 45 days after impact and 21 days after inoculum application, showing once again how necessary is for microorganisms habituation and adaptation to environment being a function of pollutant concentration. The microorganisms inoculated showed a slight adaptability in soil polluted with 5% crude oil, but complete inhibition in the first 30 days of experiment at 10% crude oil.

scholarly journals INDUCED DEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL BY MICROBIAL AUGMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER UWADIAE ◽  
EMIKE OMOAYENA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Percentage Removal

<p>This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of indigenous microbes for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil by first increasing the population of the indigenous microbes via bioaugmentation. Soil samples were treated using a consortium of bacteria: <em>Bacillus substilis</em> and <em>Pseudomonas sp</em>. which were isolated and cultured from the contaminated soil. The non-bacteria injected soil sample had the highest hydrocarbon content (THC) of 271.021 in comparison with the other soil samples. The THC percentage removal of B1 (96.885 %), B2 (97.562 %), B3 (98.835 %), B4 (99.594 %) and B5    (99.540 %) were higher than that of the control; indicating that biodegradation actually took place.</p>

Efficacy of Amendments in TPH Removal during Bioremediation of Agricultural Crude Oil-polluted Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Barisiale Baranu ◽  
Chimezie Ogugbue ◽  
Gideon Okpokwasilli
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Total Organic Nitrogen

This study identified the efficacy of different amendments as biostimulants in bioremediation. This experiment was carried out for 4 weeks in the laboratory. One kilogram of pristine soil was spiked with one liter of crude oil in earthen pots, to each pot 10 grams of amendments were added and mixed thoroughly. The amendments used were poultry dropping (C-PD), cow dung (D-CD), N.P.K (E), and a control (A and B) setup undergoing natural attenuation. The microcosms’ initial physicochemical characteristics such as total organic nitrogen, pH, temperature, total organic carbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The microbial enumeration was done for total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB). The molecular characterization of the pristine soil (A) and contaminated soil (B) was also done using the shotgun analysis. The THB of A and B was 1.3 x 107 and 2.1 x 102 while the HUB was 1.63 x 105 and 1.1 x 101on day 1 respectively. The THB of treatments during bioremediation at week 2 was 1.75 x 108, 1.89 x 108, 1.5 x 108 and 2.2 x 108 while at week 4, the THB was 1.90 x 108, 2.1 x 108, 2.20 x 108 and 2.25 x 108 while the HUB at week 2 was 1.20 x 105, 3.0 x 105, 2.5 x 105 and 1.98 x 105 while at week 4, the HUB was 2.0 x 106, 2.19 x 106, 2.46 x 106 and 2.1 x 106 for B, PD, CD ,and N.P.K respectively. The molecular characterization of A and B showed there was a higher microbial diversity in the contaminated soil than in the pristine soil. This study has shown that cow dung is more effective in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polyaromatic hydrocarbon in crude oil-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Inorganic Urea

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
F. B. G. Tanee ◽  
K. Jude
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Investigation on the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil contaminated soil was carried out at a crude oil spilled site at Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria. Three phytoremediation treatments labeled A – C in addition to the control (D) were used. The treatments were: A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m2 urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m2 urea), D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) arranged using Latin Square Design (LSD). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots in addition to other soil nutrients were analyzed. The percentage reduction in TPH and THC in soil were as follows: Treatment B, {TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%)} > treatment A {TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)}> C {TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%)} > Control {TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%)}. Treatment C had the highest TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg) accumulation in test   plant. Combining stimulant (urea) with phytoremediation also improved soil properties such  as pH, Nitrogen and Potassium. With the highest reduction of TPH and THC in treatment B (phytoremediation with 20 g/m2 urea) than other treatments is an indication that low   concentration of urea has a stimulatory effect on phytoremediation of crude oil by Chromolaena odorata.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Cow Dung

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
O. E. Oludele ◽  
M. E. Wyse ◽  
O. K. Odeniyi ◽  
P. O. Ali ◽  
M. Kugbogbenmowei
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Cow Dung
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