scholarly journals SEDIMENT AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER OF JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan G. Tejakusuma ◽  
Seno Adi ◽  
M.S Nugrahadi ◽  
Rahmania D. ◽  
T. Yanagi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Shell Fragments

Jakarta Bay is a semi enclosed bay located in the northern coast of Jakarta Metropolitan City. Hydrologically 13 rivers flowing in the Jakarta region and there are three big rivers with significant discharge to the Jakarta Bay namely Citarum, Ciliwung, and Cisadane Rivers. Jakarta, as Indonesian capital city with population of 8.725.630 inhabitants, and another 15 million people live in the surrounded suburban of Jakarta, creates a significant anthropogenic impact to the environmental system. Limited infrastructures, such as no sewerage system and lack of industrial waste management, cause the rivers in this region have over their carrying capacity.Seventeen sampling stations were determined in the Jakarta Bay, consisting of 5 stations at the river mouths (estuaries) and other 12 stations in the bay spreading from the coastal to offshore areas. Water and sediment samples were taken during 2 monsoonal or seasonal variations, August 2006 for dry season and February 2007 for rainy season respectively. Additionally, samples were also taken in May 2007.Sediment distribution in the estuary consists mostly of black clay. The sediments clays were bad smell. In the coastal region and in the dry season, the sediments consists of black clay and at one sampling site (station S3) the sediment was bad smell. However, all sampling sites became bad smell in the rainy season. In the inner bay area, sediments were greyish green sandy clay with some shell fragments. In the outer bay, the sediments were dominated by greyish green clayey sand with some shell fragments. The black clay with bad smell is indicative of anthropogenic influence from Jakarta River Basin. C/N ratio of the sediments in the dry season ranged from 1 to about 4.2 where in the estuaries (at stations M1, M2 and M4) the ratio were higher compared to the inner and outer bays. The C/N ratio of suspended particulate matter ranged from the lowest ratio of 0.7 to the highest ratio of 17.7 at the bottom layer and lesser ranged of 0.7 to 9.8 at  surface layer. POC concentrations ranged between 50-650 µM and 50-900 µM, in February and May, respectively. High concentrations of POC exists along the coastline or estuaries then decreasing toward the sea. POC is distributed widely in February than that in May due to higher discharge from the rivers. The average TOC concentrations in February is lower than that in May, but the TOC load in February was much higher than that in May due to the big differences of river discharge and because the samples were taken a week after the big flood in Jakarta area (February 4th - 6th, 2007). Total organic carbon fluxes from the river to the bay in February and May 2007 were 107.6 T /day C and 42.7 T /day C, respectively. Key words : sediment, anthropogenic influence, C/N Ratio, POC, TOC, flux

scholarly journals Impact of Old and Recent Gold Mining Sites on Mercury Fluxes in Suspended Particulate Matter, Water and Sediment in French Guiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7829
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hellal ◽  
Jörg Schäfer ◽  
Régis Vigouroux ◽  
Laurent Lanceleur ◽  
Valérie Laperche
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
Tailing Ponds

In 2006 the use of mercury (Hg) was banned for gold mining in French Guiana. However, mining of old placers could mobilize Hg accumulated in soils and sediment. This study aimed to measure the current impact of a mining concession (Boulanger site) on the Hg load in the watershed. Turbidity, Total Mercury (THg), and Monomethylmercury (MMHg) were measured in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), river sediment and sediments from old tailing ponds along a river section of 30 km up and downstream from a mining concession in French Guiana during a dry and a rainy season. Total dissolved Hg (THgD) concentrations varied little from up- to down-stream but were all higher (fourfold on average) during the rainy season (3.2 to 4.4 ng L−1), than during the dry season and consistent with previous data known for the Amazonian area. Dissolved MMHg (MMHgD) represented up to 30% of THgD during the dry season, which is higher than previous results (typically around 2%). Mercury concentrations in sediments were highest in the vicinity of areas affected by old (before 2006) rather than new gold mining practices. Even though Hg was banned in 2006, present gold mining practices still release natural Hg and Hg inherited from older mining practices into the watershed.

Hydrological variability and suspended particulate matter in the middle river Niger bassin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Boubacar Moussa ◽  
Amadou Abdourhamane Touré ◽  
Bruno Lartiges ◽  
Emma Rochelle Newall ◽  
Laurent Kergoat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Radiometric Measurements ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Spm Concentration ◽  
Very High

<p>In the Sahel, climate variability and high population growth have led to changes in surface conditions that resulted in increased runoff coefficients and discharge in the major Sahelian rivers. The mid reaches of the Niger river have experienced significant increases in the Red flood, or local flood, that occurs during the rainy season between June and September, relative to Black flood, or Guinean flood that arrives in Niamey from December onwards.<br>The objective of this work was to characterize suspended particulate matter (SPM) during the Red and Black floods in the Niamey area and analyse their spatio-temporal dynamics. Two approaches are used : the first one consists of regular in-situ measurements of SPM concentration and in their physical and mineral characterization by electron microscopy; the second is based on monitoring water color by both in-situ and satellite (Sentinel 2) radiometric measurements.<br>SPM are characterized by very fine particles (with a major mode around 0.1-0.2 micrometers) mainly composed by kaolinites (iron oxides are also observed during the Red flood). This, combined with the very high levels of SPM concentration reached during the rainy season, results in very high values of reflectance in the visible end infrared bands. Radiometric measurements in the nir band by both the in-situ SKYE sensor and the Sentinel2 sensor are found to be significantly correlated to in-situ SPM, allowing efficient monitoring of SPM concentration in time and space.<br>SPM-discharge curves, reveal a complex relationship : SPM increases very rapidly at the beginning of the rainy season when soils are washed out after the long dry period, reaching a peak before the first discharge peak (Red flood). SPM continues to decrease during the second discharge peak (Black flood) from December to February, providing a distinct and unique signature. Analysis of satellite data allowed identifying the main sources of SPM and to quantify the significant contribution of the right bank river tributaries to sediments in the middle Niger river bassin. This contribution may further increase in the context of global changes (climate and anthropogenic) with important consequences on sediment transport but also on water quality and bacterial concentration which are strongly influenced by high SPM.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution of suspended particulate matter in the Barents Sea in late winter 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
S. Buettner ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
H. Kassens ◽  
N. A. Kusse-Tiuz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Nepheloid Layer ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Arctic summer and winter sea-ice extent is continuously declining as a result of climate change, affecting the hydrography and biogeochemical cycles on the seasonally ice-free Eurasian Shelves. The prolongation of the open-water season causes higher sediment resuspension and coastal erosion due to larger wind fetch and wave heights. This impacts the optical properties of the water column and hence biological productivity in this region. During “Transarktika-2019” leg 1 in late winter 2019, a comprehensive dataset of and optical data was collected throughout the central and northern Barents Sea. Combining suspended particulate matter concentrations obtained from water samples and optical data revealed a pronounced bottom nepheloid layer on the Barents Sea shelf even under ice-covered conditions. Moreover, the data indicate that the Franz Viktoria Trough could be a major pathway for sediment transport into the Eurasian Basin. Therefore, to link changes in sediment distribution and its impact on the ecosystem under a warming climate, further studies of sediment dynamics are required, particularly during winter.

scholarly journals Mass Concentration and Size-distribution of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Plateau State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 701-707
Author(s):  
E. C. Hemba ◽  
E. A. Trisma ◽  
T. J. Ikyumbur
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The mass concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was measured in three major towns in Plateau state. The CW-HAT200 PM2.5, PM10 dust particle counter was used to measure the particle size in each major location within Jos, Shendam and Pankshin. The results revealed that both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were high in morning hours in most of the measured locations. These values were however found decreasing in the afternoon. The higher value of PM2.5 and PM10 observed in the morning hours in some locations within the study area can be attributed to the high volume of motorists plying the roads during those hours. However, some locations within the study area their PM2.5 and PM10 were higher in the afternoon hours than morning hours. The PM sampling respirable dust sampler (AMP460NL model) was placed on the elevated platform of 1.5 m high and 20 cm away from obstacles in order to avoid any obstruction of the air from tall buildings and trees etc. Measurements were taken after 8-hours per location and the average air flow rate, sample time, initial and final mass of the filter paper were used to calculate the mass concentration of the suspended particulate matter in each locations. The mass concentration of the suspended particulate matter were higher in dry season than in the rain season for all locations. This can be attributed to the dust usually experienced during the dry season on the Plateau.

scholarly journals Seasonal influences on the levels of particulate Cd, Cr and Pb in Kuantan River, Pahang

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaruzzaman Yunus ◽  
Fikriah Faudzi ◽  
Mohd Fuad Miskon ◽  
Mokhlesur Rahman ◽  
Asnor A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Particulate Metals ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Introduction: Temporal and spatial variations of selected toxic element distributions were studied in the Kuantan River waters. Methods: Water samples from 9 sampling stations were taken from downstream of the estuary towards the upstream of the Kuantan River during the rainy and dry season. Particulate Cd, Cr and Pb were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed using Teflon Bomb digestion processes. Results: The concentration of particulate Cd, Cr and Pb were in the range of ND to 14.480 mg L-1 , 6.047 to 271.497 mg L1 and 0.646 to 174.859 mg L-1 , respectively. The distribution of the elements in suspended particulate matter was found influenced by the rainy season and dry season. Particulate metals obtained mostly higher in May 2012 (dry season) while Cd and Cr were found above the limits authorize by the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution (ICPR). Conclusions: Correlation matrix between various parameters revealed that most of the parameters were found to bear a statistically significant correlation with each other.

Physical and bacterial processes affecting suspended particulate matter in a tidal river

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Yoshihiko Hosoi ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami ◽  
Katuhiro Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
And Behavior

In order to clarify the origin and behavior of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a tidal river, variation of SPM in a tidal river was investigated with regard to its size and constituents. SPM was separated into three groups according to size. Change of contents of titanium and organic substances of each group of SPM was examined. SPM which was discharged by run-off was transported with decomposition and sedimentation in a tidal river. Concentration of SPM with a particle size greater than 0.45 μm increased due to resuspension in a tidal river. Origin of SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm at upstream areas was from natural soil and most of such SPM which had been transported settled near a river mouth. It was determined from examination of the CN ratio and the ratio of the number of attached bacteria to free bacteria that SPM with a size greater than 1.0 μm at upstream areas was decomposing intensively. At the downstream areas, SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm came from the sea. SPM with particle size greater than 1.0 μm consisted of plankton and substances which were decomposed sufficiently while flowing.

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