scholarly journals Keep Calm and ... Understand Cannibis: What Employers in the Energy Sector Want to Know About Legalized Cannabis in the Workplace

2018 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Shana Wolch ◽  
Justine Lindner ◽  
Dan Demers ◽  
Ben Ratelband
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Privacy Legislation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Workplace Drug Testing

With the recent legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada, employers, particularly those with safety sensitive operations, are forced to evaluate the impact that cannabis will have on their workplaces. This article argues that the law has not yet fully evolved with the advances in scientific understanding of the effects of cannabis or the advances in the technology for testing methodologies. The article explores the current legal framework for workplace drug testing and provides best practices regarding drug testing programs and related workplace policies. It cautions that unless carefully designed, these policies may be found to be contrary to human rights or privacy legislation, or, in the case of unionized employers, unreasonable and outside the scope of the collective agreement.

Legal Protection of Children in Non-International Armed Conflicts in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Olaitan Oluwaseyi Olusegun
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Law

Abstract Armed conflicts are characterised by violence and human rights violations with various implications on the citizens, economy and development of nations. The impact is however more pronounced with life-long consequences on children, the most vulnerable members of the society. This article examines the impact of non-international armed conflicts on children in Nigeria and identifies the laws for the protection of children against armed conflicts, both in international law and Nigeria’s domestic law. It also addresses the challenges involved in the protection of children in armed conflict situations in Nigeria. The study found that legal efforts to protect children have not been given sufficient attention in Nigeria. This is mostly due to various challenges including the fragmentation of legal framework and the refusal to domesticate relevant treaties. It is thus recommended that these challenges be addressed through the implementation of effective legal frameworks.

Illicit Financial Flows, Sovereign Debt, and Human Rights

2018 ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Cephas Lumina ◽  
Mulesa Lumina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
External Borrowing ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the problem of illicit financial outflows—broadly defined as funds that are illegally earned, transferred and utilized outside the country of origin in contravention of that country’s relevant legal framework. Illicit financial outflows divert resources away from activities that are essential for poverty reduction, sustainable development and the realisation of all human rights. They also contribute to the accumulation of external debt as governments that lack domestic resources as a result of these flows may resort to costly external borrowing. This chapter examines the nature of illicit financial flows, the factors that facilitate them and the measures taken by states, individually and collectively, to tackle them. It also discusses the impact of these flows on the realisation of human rights in the countries of origin and proposes concrete measures by which to curb illicit financial flows.

scholarly journals Advancing Social Equity: Examining the Impact of Gender, Place, and Race on Criminal Justice Administration in Alabama

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Regina Moorer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
The Impact

This article explores how the intersections of gender, place, and race impact the socially equitable application of criminal justice administration in Alabama. Specifically, most re-entry programs fail to address the varied and unique post-carceral needs of Black women. As such, this work examines the obstacles and opportunities for non-profit re-entry program administrators who seek to uphold the civil and human rights of Black women and highlights best practices in providing meaningful re-entry and reintegration services to women from historically under-resourced communities. Using social equity’s theoretical principles in criminal justice, this article spotlights Alabama’s re-entry programs and explores what occurs at the juncture of social equity, community-based criminal justice administration, and recidivism; this article also illustrates the interconnectedness of these three concepts.

scholarly journals THE STATE'S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE WELFARE OF PEOPLE AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN THE FACE OF COVID-19 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Serlika Aprita ◽  
Lilies Anisah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 pandemic was taking place in almost all countries around the world. Along with the increasingly vigorous government strategy in tackling the spread of the corona virus that was still endemic until now, the government had started to enforce the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) with the signing of Government Regulation (PP) No. 21 of 2020 about PSBB which was considered able to accelerate countermeasures while preventing the spread of corona that was increasingly widespread in Indonesia. The research method used was normative prescriptive. The government put forward the principle of the state as a problem solver. The government minimized the use of region errors as legitimacy to decentralization. The government should facilitated regional best practices in handling the pandemic. Thus, the pandemic can be handled more effectively. The consideration, the region had special needs which were not always accommodated in national policies. The government policy should be able to encourage the birth of regional innovations in handling the pandemic as a form of fulfilling human rights in the field of health. Innovation was useful in getting around the limitations and differences in the context of each region. In principle, decentralization required positive incentives, not penalties. Therefore, incentive-based central policies were more awaited in handling and minimizing the impact of the pandemic.    

scholarly journals Konvencijas par uzņēmējdarbību un cilvēktiesībām nepieciešamība

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Mārtiņš Birģelis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Council ◽  
The Impact

The current legal framework does not properly address the impact that transna­tional corporations have on human rights. In 2014, the UN Human Rights Council established an open-ended intergovernmental working group with a mandate to elaborate an international legally binding instrument to regulate the activities of transnational corporations and other business enter­prises. Yet this decision was strongly contested. This article outlines the main arguments for desirability of an international treaty on business and human rights and provides a response to some of the most common objections raised against the development of such legally binding instrument.

Charter 08 and Charta 77: East European Past as China's Future?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kotyzova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
East European ◽  
International Human ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
The Impact

This chapter offers a comparison between Charter 08 and Charta 77, the manifesto written by Czechoslovak dissidents, mainly Vàclav Havel and Jan Patocka, to demand the respect of human rights by the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia. The two charters are similar in their content, both invoking international human rights norms and both attempting to function largely within the existing legal framework. Another related similarity between the two lies in the fact that their objectives are not so much to subvert the regimes as to provide a support structure when the regimes fall. However, despite their similarities, both exist in drastically different political and economic contexts. China in 2008 was different from Czechoslovakia in 1977 in terms of the politics, economy, and soft power that the respective communist parties may have, and those differences affect the impact of the respective charters in society.

Curbing ‘Vulture Fund’ Litigation

2018 ◽  
pp. 498-513
Author(s):  
Cephas Lumina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sovereign Immunity ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
International Debt ◽  
Full Face ◽  
The Impact

The lack of an international legal framework for the restructuring of sovereign debt, and the voluntary nature of current international debt restructuring initiatives have created opportunities for predatory private commercial entities—called ‘vulture funds’—to acquire defaulted sovereign debts at substantial discounts, refuse to participate in debt restructurings and aggressively pursue repayment of the full face value of the debt through litigation, often in multiple jurisdictions. This chapter discusses current official initiatives designed to curb vulture fund litigation and proposes a rethink of the doctrine of sovereign immunity as a key measure to curb the predatory behaviour of ‘vulture funds’. It also discusses the impact of the activities of these 'vulture funds’ on the realisation of human rights, particularly in developing countries, as well other consequences for the countries targeted by ‘vulture funds’

Corporate Power and the Protection of Human Rights in Equilibrium

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasima Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
International Business ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Responsible Manner

Corporate power reaches beyond land frontiers and holds sway over the lives of billions of individuals throughout communities and living environments all over the world. Regrettably, this power is not always exercised in a responsible manner when we look at the amount of violations of human rights in which corporations have been involved through their international business affairs. In order to prevent an abuse of corporate authority to the detriment of human rights, the impact of corporate power should be balanced with a matching responsibility towards all members of society. This article examines how corporate power and the protection of human rights are currently out of equilibrium. Subsequently, it explores solutions in the field of corporate law and best practices such as the emergence of social entrepreneurship to restore this equilibrium.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Council of Europe and the Process of European Integration on Protection of Human Rights in Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Meljana Bregu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
European Court ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Impact

The European integration process of Albania is bound to fulfillment of the accession criteria, a political criteria related to stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, rule of law and protection of human rights. Protection of human rights is a core value for the EU as well as a pre- condition for candidate countries. The European Commission, through the annual progress reports, monitors protection of human rights and compliance of the domestic legislation with international human rights instruments; particularly the European Convention of Human Rights. Also, the Commission evaluates cooperation with the European Court of Human Rights and executions of the Court’s decisions. The paper aims to analyze implementation of the acquis and European standards on the abolishment of the death penalty and on prevention of torture and ill-treatment. The paper considers the progress reports and some of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights on prevention of torture and ill-treatment. According to the progress reports, the main conclusion is that Albania has an adequate legal framework that guarantees human rights, but the main concern is still the implementation of legislation.

scholarly journals Trafficking of Women and Children through the Abandonment of Human Rights in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Redwan Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
The Impact

The study explores that Govt. and NGOs are directly involved in prevention activities. They do conduct prevention activities like mass-awareness raising, capacity building and income generating activities and so on. These activities definitely have impact on the society which is reflected in people’s growing concern about trafficking and in number of trafficking which if not reduced has not increased noticeably; though the impact is very low in comparison to urgency. Besides, it cannot be said that whatever achieved is possible only because of Govt. NGO and International Organization activities. They have to be appreciated for their pioneer role in anti-trafficking issue but the study reveals that effectiveness of their prevention activities is hampered by acute presence of push factors of trafficking, lack of collaboration, weak policy and legal framework and their own inefficiency. If comprehensive work plan and policy is taken Women and Children may get rid of the nightmare of trafficking.

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