scholarly journals "As soon as the sword was sheathed, the book was opened again"

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Miriam Gillis-Carlebach
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Free Newspaper ◽  
Reading Activities ◽  
As If

This paper deals with the question, whether reading could be forgotten by skilled readers deprived from reading during a long period. Forty questionnaires and interviews of Israeli Holocaust survivors - who actually were cut off from all reading activities during their imprison - were analyzed and summarized. A number of interesting facts came up: There was hardly any desire or possibility to read in KZ-Camps, nevertheless a strong strive for a high cultural level was felt in order to keep the minds sane, such as 'reading as if' in many variations: Reading by heart, citing poems, discussing philosophic questions, imagining recipes, etc. were reported as a means to conserve the taste of reading. But, reading Camp-orders or an occasional piece of paper was not considered reading (only books or newspapers), while writing even a tiny single note was considered writing. The first reading-experience after liberation was "strange," but only in a few cases was real difficulty encountered in going back to reading, in no case was reading forgotten. General sadness was expressed about the lost years of reading. After release: free newspaper reading was not only expressed as "back to literature," but served as a means to the acquisition of the new language (Hebrew). Only very few cases indicated reading encouragement or ambitious book-education of the second generation.

scholarly journals Estimation of singly transiting K2 planet periods with Gaia parallaxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (3) ◽  
pp. 3149-3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Sandford ◽  
Néstor Espinoza ◽  
Rafael Brahm ◽  
Andrés Jordán
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period Distribution ◽  
Typical Period ◽  
Stellar Models ◽  
Host Stars ◽  
Stellar Density ◽  
As If

ABSTRACT When a planet is only observed to transit once, direct measurement of its period is impossible. It is possible, however, to constrain the periods of single transiters, and this is desirable as they are likely to represent the cold and far extremes of the planet population observed by any particular survey. Improving the accuracy with which the period of single transiters can be constrained is therefore critical to enhance the long-period planet yield of surveys. Here, we combine Gaia parallaxes with stellar models and broad-band photometry to estimate the stellar densities of K2 planet host stars, then use that stellar density information to model individual planet transits and infer the posterior period distribution. We show that the densities we infer are reliable by comparing with densities derived through asteroseismology, and apply our method to 27 validation planets of known (directly measured) period, treating each transit as if it were the only one, as well as to 12 true single transiters. When we treat eccentricity as a free parameter, we achieve a fractional period uncertainty over the true single transits of $94^{+87}_{-58}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and when we fix e = 0, we achieve fractional period uncertainty $15^{+30}_{-6}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, a roughly threefold improvement over typical period uncertainties of previous studies.

Remediation and hypermediacy: Ezekiel’s World as a case in point

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229
Author(s):  
Ayelet Kohn ◽  
Rachel Weissbrod
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
World War ◽  
Graphic Narrative ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Graphic Narratives ◽  
Jewish Resistance ◽  
Resistance Movement

This article deals with Kovner’s graphic narrative Ezekiel’s World (2015) as a case of remediation and hypermediacy. The term ‘remediation’ refers to adaptations which involve the transformation of the original work into another medium. While some adaptations strive to eliminate the marks of the previous medium, others highlight the interplay between different media, resulting in ‘hypermediacy’. The latter approach characterizes Ezekiel’s World due to its unique blend of artistic materials adapted from different media. The author, Michael Kovner, uses his paintings to depict the story of Ezekiel – an imaginary figure based on his father, the poet Abba Kovner who was one of the leaders of the Jewish resistance movement during World War II. While employing the conventions of comics and graphic narratives, the author also makes use of readymade objects such as maps and photos, simulates the works of famous artists and quotes Abba Kovner’s poems. These are indirect ways of confronting the traumas of Holocaust survivors and ‘the second generation’. Dealing with the Holocaust in comics and graphic narratives (as in Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale, 1986) is no longer an innovation, nor is their use as a means to deal with trauma; what makes this graphic narrative unique is the encounter between the works of the poet and the painter, which combine to create an exceptionally complex work integrating poetry, art and graphic narration.

Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Danieli ◽  
Brian Engdahl
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Trauma Transmission ◽  
Multigenerational Trauma

Multigenerational legacies of suffering are universal and as old as humankind. Given ongoing worldwide violent atrocities, understanding and addressing their intergenerational consequences is vital. Transmission mechanisms explored range from the basic biological to the complex psychological, and the sociopolitical. The first and most frequently investigated offspring population is that of Nazi Holocaust survivors. The chapter synthesizes the research on these offspring and some of the more recently studied offspring groups. It then presents the major theory of multigenerational trauma transmission—Trauma and the Continuity of Self: A Multidimensional, Multidisciplinary Integrative Framework, that provides the bases for the first valid transmission assessment measure—the Danieli Inventory for Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma. Part II of the Danieli Inventory—Reparative Adaptation Impacts—is key to assessing the well-being of the second generation. Recommendations for further research and enhancing clinical interventions are included.

Intergenerational transmission of trauma: Holocaust survivors, their children and their children’s children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
C. Fred Alford
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
Transmission Of Trauma

Drawing on my own research, as well as the research of others, the question considered is how trauma may be transmitted down the generations. Some argue that the second-generation of Holocaust survivors is traumatized. I disagree, concluding that many faced emotional problems separating from while remaining connected to their parents. Attachment theory seems the best way of explaining both the problem and how it is best dealt with. The answer to these questions comes from second-generation survivors themselves, not just the author’s theory.

scholarly journals Trans-Generational Trauma: The Zone of Indistinction After Auschwitz

Elements ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
Children Of Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Real ◽  
Generational Trauma

Giorgio Agamben talks about the concentration camp as a zone of indistinction where the exception was the rule, the illicit licit, and the extreme normalized. This paper seeks to extend Agamben's theory to understand the trauma of the concentration camp. If the real horror of the camp was indeed this zone of indistinction, then can we understand the trauma as the continued experience of the traces of this zone of indistinction? While the survivors were in the camps, it was a barbaric world built on normality; in their later lives, it was a normal world laced with traces of barbarism. Abraham and Torok's theory of the phantom is applied to discuss how this trauma of indistinction is transferred to the children of Holocaust survivors. Finally, Art Spiegelman's <em>Maus</em> and Melvin Jules Bukiet's <em>After</em> are examined through the lense of these combined theories to discuss the form of second generation Holocaust literature in relation to the trans-generational trauma experienced by its authors.

scholarly journals Reading Experiences of Nonnative-English-Speaking Students Majoring in English Language Teaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sri Fatmaning Hartatik ◽  
Hernina Dewi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Reading Activities

This study attempts to synthesize the findings of an Indonesian case study on reading experiences of nonnative-English-speaking ELT students. The researchers examined 36 students of bachelor program students using a descriptive qualitative design. The finding revealed that 55.6% of the students spent 2-3 hours reading, 27.7% spent 1-2 hours reading, while the rest 16.7% spent less than an hour reading. In term of genre, 69.4% of the students preferred scientific reading genre while 30.6% preferred fiction. Regarding the mode of reading materials, 86.1% of the students used printed material and the other 13.9% used digital reading material. The finding of this study presented that 75% of the students liked to read materials in their first language while the rest 25% preferred to read reading materials in English. About the students’ preference of reading activities, the data showed that 63.89% of the students chose activities such as a combination of doing preview, giving keywords, scanning, skimming, giving clarification, asking and answering questions, and making conclusions while 36.11% preferred reading activities involving a combination of brainstorming, conducting survey, reciprocal teaching, doing evaluation, making inference, re-reading, thinking aloud, and having discussion as the reading activities. In term of the place to read, 50% of the students read at home, 27.8% read in the classroom, and 22.2% read at the library. About the reading experience, 63.89% of students were satisfied while the other 36.11% thought that their reading experience was insufficient.

Ari Folman’s Other War

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Giulia Miller
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Children Of Holocaust Survivors ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Israeli Cinema ◽  
Film Making ◽  
Second World

This chapter looks at Ari Folman's Waltz with Bashir within the context of the Holocaust. It recounts the 1980s and 1990s that marked the emergence of second-generation Israeli cinema that was specifically produced by the children of Holocaust survivors. It also reviews the second-generation Israel films that address the subject of war and critique the Zionist project, which intimates that it had simply replaced the trauma of the Holocaust with a new and different kind of Israeli trauma. It also mentions Ari Folman, a child of survivors, who began making films during the period of second-generation Israeli cinema. The chapter describes Waltz with Bashir as an example of second-generation film-making and as a film that explicitly deals with Lebanon, but implicitly engages with events of the Second World War. It analyzes the function of the Holocaust in greater detail within the context of Israeli cinema of the early millennium and the cinema of second-generation film-makers.

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