scholarly journals Strut and Tie Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Under Static and Fixed Pulsating Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Ajibola Ibrahim Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Deep Beam ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Applied Loading

Numerical analysis of the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam subjected to static and fixed-point pulsating loading at the midpoint has been investigated. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model using the Strut and Tie approach was adopted. The damage level under the influence of the applied fixed pulsating loading is higher than the static applied loading, hence early crack was observed because of the stepwise loading in the form of vibration. Although the Strut and Tie approach gave a good estimation of the resistance capacity of the beam, the beam undergo high shear damage when subjected to these two types of loading. Material strength properties, applied loadings and cross-sections adopted are some of the factors that affect the performance of the deep beam.

Integrity Assessment of Damaged Flexible Pipe Cross-Sections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Ji ◽  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Svein Sævik ◽  
Frank Klæbo ◽  
Gunnar Axelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element Model

This paper presents results from a case study performed to evaluate the residual capacity of a 6″ flexible pipe when exposed to corrosion damages in the tensile armour. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed using the computer code MARC to evaluate the increase in mean and dynamic stresses for a given number of damaged inner tensile armor wires. The study also includes the effect of these damages with respect to the associated stresses in the pressure spiral. Furthermore, the implications of a sequence of wire failures with respect to the accumulated time until cross-section failure in a probabilistic sense are addressed.

scholarly journals Membrane analogy for multi-material bars under torsion

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2225) ◽  
pp. 20190124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galuppi ◽  
Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Elastic Problem ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Torsion Problem ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Physical Apparatus

Prandtl's membrane analogy for the torsion problem of prismatic homogeneous bars is extended to multi-material cross sections. The linear elastic problem is governed by the same equations describing the deformation of an inflated membrane, differently tensioned in regions that correspond to the domains hosting different materials in the bar cross section, in a way proportional to the inverse of the material shear modulus. Multi-connected cross sections correspond to materials with vanishing stiffness inside the holes, implying infinite tension in the corresponding portions of the membrane. To define the interface constrains that allow to apply such a state of prestress to the membrane, a physical apparatus is proposed, which can be numerically modelled with a two-dimensional mesh implementable in commercial finite-element model codes. This approach presents noteworthy advantages with respect to the three-dimensional modelling of the twisted bar.

Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Calculation of Shear Strength of Steel Truss Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Ming Ji He ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
Yan Sheng Huang ◽  
Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Deep Beam ◽  
Deep Beams ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Steel Truss ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Strut And Tie Model

Based on strut-and-tie model (STM) in deep beams, steel truss reinforced concrete (STRC) deep beam was developed. Experimental investigations of mechanical performances of STRC deep beams were carried out, and results show that STRC deep beam is of high ultimate bearing capacity, large rigidity and good ductility; Strut-and-tie force transference model is formed in STRC deep beams, and loads can be transferred in the shortest and direct way. Then Steel reinforced concrete (SRC) strut-and-tie model (SSTM) for determining the shear strength of STRC deep beams is proposed. The contribution of SRC diagonal strut, longitudinal reinforcements, stirrups and web reinforcements to the shear strength of STRC deep beams are determined with consideration of softened effects of concrete, and for safe consideration, superposition theory is employed for SRC struts. Computer programs are developed to calculate the shear strength of STRC deep beams and verified by experimental results.

Modelling of rotors with three-dimensional solid finite elements

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nandi ◽  
S Neogy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Formulation ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Solid Finite Elements

A shaft is modelled using three-dimensional solid finite elements. The shear-deformation and rotary inertia effects are automatically included through the three-dimensional elasticity formulation. The formulation allows warping of plane cross-sections and takes care of gyroscopic effect. Unlike a beam element model, the present model allows the actual rotor geometry to be modelled. Shafts with complicated geometry can be modelled provided that the shaft cross-section has two axes of symmetry with equal or unequal second moment of areas. The acceleration of a point on the shaft is determined in inertial and rotating frames. It is found that the finite element formulation becomes much simpler in a rotating frame of reference that rotates about the centre-line of the bearings with an angular velocity equal to the shafts spin speed. The finite element formulation in the above frame is ideally suited to non-circular shafts with solid or hollow, prismatic or tapered sections and continuous or abrupt change in cross-sections. The shaft and the disc can be modelled using the same types of element and this makes it possible to take into account the flexibility of the disc. The formulation also allows edge cracks to be modelled. A two-dimensional model of shaft disc systems executing synchronous whirl on isotropic bearings is presented. The application of the two-dimensional formulation is limited but it reduces the number of degrees of freedom. The three-dimensional solid and two-dimensional plane stress finite element models are extensively validated using standard available results.

scholarly journals The Development of Finite Element Model to Investigate the Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beams

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Jen Hua Ling ◽  
Lin Li Chan ◽  
Wen Kam Leong ◽  
How Teck Sia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Hollow Beam

The self-weight of a reinforced concrete beam contributes to the permanent loads of a structure. This can be reduced by creating a longitudinal void along the beam so that it will not affect the performance of the beam. In addition, this process can reduce the amount of building cost. Therefore, a finite element model was developed in this study with the aid of a computer program, Ansys, to investigate the behavior of the hollow beam. The model was tested for reliability by comparing the predicted results with those obtained from the experiment in terms of the load-displacement responses, mechanical properties, and parametric responses. The result showed that the reliability of the model was questionable. The main cause of the non-reliability was the inaccurate prediction of the beam deflection by the model. The poor prediction of beam deflection led to significant variations of relevant mechanical properties including stiffness, deflection, and ductility. For beam deflection, only 1/3 of the specimens were correctly predicted with a reliability of 36% while the strength properties were discovered to have higher values as observed in the yield and the ultimate strengths with 73% and 64% respectively. However, both the model and experimental results showed the hollow beam was relatively effective when the diameter of the longitudinal void was 1/3 times the beam width and placed at the neutral axis. For the evaluation to improve the reliability, some revision including the properties of the materials, boundary conditions of the beam support, bonding conditions between different materials, and meshing shape and size suppose to be applied to the model. 

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Strut-and-Tie Model for a Four-Pile Reinforced Concrete Cap

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Mook Yun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Chae ◽  
Julio Alfonso Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Strut And Tie Model

Investigation the influence of spacer yarns orientation angle on the thermal behavior of 3D textile reinforced concrete (TRC)

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110473
Author(s):  
Sayyed Behzad Abdellahi ◽  
Sayyed Mahdi Hejazi ◽  
Hossein Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Textile Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cementitious Matrix

Thermal behavior such as heat transfer is an important parameter for construction composites. Three-dimensional textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is one of the construction composites which is recently being used in the building industry. Therefore, in this study, the thermal behavior of three different TRC samples was investigated by a heat transfer test using an infrared method. The cementitious matrix was reinforced by 3D fabric with three different spacer yarn orientation angles. The cementitious matrix was fabricated by cement and waste stone powder. The TRC sample was put on the hot plate of the heat transfer apparatus and the temperature variations of the top surface of the sample were obtained. According to the test results, increasing the orientation angle of spacer yarns leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the TRC sample and reduces heat transfer. On the other hand, a theoretical model was used to calculate the thermal conductivity and resistance coefficients of sandwich samples. Furthermore, a 3D finite element model was used to predict the heat transfer of TRC specimens. A unit cell of the TRC model was created in Abaqus software and finite element (FE) analysis was carried on a created model. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of samples according to FE results were calculated and compared with experimental results. FE results showed good agreement with the experimental data.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements

2000 ◽  
Vol 1730 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
Moon C. Won ◽  
B. Frank McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Transverse Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) performance depends primarily on early-age cracks that result from changes in temperature and drying shrinkage. Presented is the behavior of the CRCP due to the temperature change obtained by using a three-dimensional finite element model. The nonlinear effects of the bond-slip between concrete and steel and between concrete and base have been studied. Modeling for the curling effect and for the viscoelastic material characteristics also has been considered. The results from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models have been compared to verify the possibility of using a two-dimensional model. From this study, it was found that crack width and concrete stress are dependent on the transverse steel arrangement near the edge (longitudinal joint), but they are almost independent in the interior of the slab. The tensile stress occurring at the top of the edge on the transverse steel location can be higher than that occurring at the top of the slab center. This represents the possibility of forming a transverse crack from the edge on the transverse steel location. The twodimensional model with the plane stress element gives results very close to those of the three-dimensional model, except near the edge.

Numerical Simulation of Three Dimensional Extrudate Swell Using Finite Element Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 480-484
Author(s):  
Xing Ming Xu ◽  
Sheng Xue Qin ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Polymer Extrusion ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Swell Ratio ◽  
Precise Prediction

The precise prediction of extrudate swell is significant to the control of melt flow and the quality of final products. A mathematical model of power law flow for polymer extrusion is investigated. The penalty function formulation is introduced to the finite element model and the free surface is updated with streamline equation in a decoupled method. A proper penalty constant is determined by comparison of numerical results with different penalty constants. The velocity field is obtained and the distribution of velocity on different cross sections is compared. The effects of volumetric flow rate and die shape on extrudate swell ratio are discussed. The simulation results are very important for the process and die design of the polymer extrusion.

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