CPAP Hardware/Simulation and Control Design for Respiratory Disorders: A Review

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ventilation remains a mainstay treatment for different respiratory disorders. Good pressure stability and pressure reduction during exhalation are of major importance condition to ensure the clinical efficacy and comfort of CPAP therapy. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and today coronavirus (COVID-19) are the main two diseases mitigated by the CPAP. This paper introduced a systematic review of the CPAP design in terms of the hardware design, Simulation-based CPAP system, control algorithm, and the measured performance. The accuracy is used as measurement of performance and calculated from the pressure value. The accuracy was compared to the predefined U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-based threshold value in which it considers this value as a reference. The results related to the modern CPAP devices introduced in this study to explain the accuracy of experimental CPAP. These were compared with a commercial CPAP devices. Also, it was revealed how the results coincide with the error ratio defined by the FDA as an evaluation measurement. The FDA error ratio determines the performance of the optimized CPAP device. This work is the first review that presented the knowledge about engineering design of the CPAP system, so it will be the first in the literature.

Download Full-text

Diagnosis and Therapy: Obstructive Sleep Respiratory Disorders.

Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho ◽

10.2468/jbes.45.211 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Koji Yamakawa ◽

Kiyoshi Togawa ◽

Soichiro Miyazaki ◽

Hiroyuki Tada

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Diagnosis And Therapy ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Download Full-text

457 The Impact of PAP Therapy on Hematocrit in OSA and Polycythemia: A Pilot Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A180-A181

Author(s):

Mustafa Jafri ◽

Gabrielle Rosa-Acosta ◽

Jose Flores Martinez ◽

Elizabeth Schofield ◽

Cy Wilkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Smoking History ◽

Event Analysis ◽

Control Groups ◽

Testosterone Therapy ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Testosterone Administration ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Untreated polycythemia leads to complications including thrombosis. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly associated with secondary erythrocytosis, which testosterone therapy can perpetuate. Effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) on elevated hematocrit (HCT) is unknown. We hypothesize PAP adherence can reduce HCT in men with OSA and polycythemia. Methods Retrospective chart review of male outpatients with newly diagnosed OSA and HCT≥45% at or 3 months before polysomnography (PSG) was conducted. Intervention group consisted of patients initiating PAP for OSA. HCT within 6 months of PAP initiation and PSG were recorded for intervention and control groups, respectively. Primary endpoint was time-to-HCT reduction of HCT<50% plus 3% decrease. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to assess time-to-HCT response. Demographics, smoking history, testosterone administration, STOP-Bang score, AHI, and PAP compliance data were obtained. Patients excluded if PAP not indicated, or if PSG, PAP compliance, or repeat HCT were unavailable. Results 41 men with OSA had HCT≥45%, of which 16 had HCT≥50%. Median age was 60 years and median BMI was 32 kg/m2. 28 started PAP. 21 met definition for PAP compliance within 6 months. Median AHI of intervention and control groups were 23 and 19 events/hr, respectively. Mean baseline HCT of both groups were 49 and 50, respectively. No significant difference in age, BMI, smoking history, testosterone therapy, and baseline HCT between both groups noted. 39% of intervention group exhibited HCT response at 1 or more longitudinal assessments, versus 38% of control. Intervention group had higher mean STOP-Bang than control (mean 5.9 vs. 4.6, p=0.01) and trended towards higher mean baseline AHI (27.4 vs. 19.0, p= 0.06). Time-to-event analysis controlling for STOP-Bang and AHI demonstrated PAP was not associated with time-to-HCT response (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.4–4.4). In moderate-severe OSA patients, 40% of intervention group had HCT response compared to 14% of control, though difference was not significant (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.3–20.0). Conclusion Moderate-severe OSA patients trended towards reduction in HCT with PAP, although not statistically significant. Testosterone administration did not affect HCT response to PAP in this cohort. Larger studies are required to determine HCT response to PAP in these patients. Support (if any):

Download Full-text

Data fusion and simulation-based planning and control in cyber physical system for digital assembly of aeroplane

International Journal of Modeling Simulation and Scientific Computing ◽

10.1142/s1793962315500270 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 06 (03) ◽

pp. 1550027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Linxuan Zhang ◽

Tianyuan Xiao ◽

Jietao Dong

Keyword(s):

Data Fusion ◽

Hybrid Control ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Estimation Algorithm ◽

Asynchronous Sampling ◽

Planning And Control ◽

Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller ◽

Simulation Based ◽

And Control ◽

Distributed Fusion

This paper introduces a CPS application for intelligent aeroplane assembly. At first, the CPS structure is presented, which acquires the characteristics of general CPS and enables "simulation-based planning and control" to achieve high level intelligent assembly. Then the paper puts forward data fusion estimation algorithm under synchronous and asynchronous sampling, respectively. The experiment shows that global optimal distributed fusion estimation under synchronized sampling proves to be closer to the actual value compared with ordinary weighted estimation, and multi-scale distributed fusion estimation algorithm of wavelet under asynchronous sampling does not need time registration, it can also directly link to data, and the error is smaller. This paper presents hybrid control strategy under the circumstance of joint action of the inner and outer loop to address the problems caused by the less controllable feature of the parallel mechanism when undertaking online process simulation and control. A robust adaptive sliding mode controller is designed based on disturbance observer to restrain inner interference and maintain robustness. At the same time, an outer collaborative trajectory planning is also designed. All the experiment results show the feasibility of above proposed methods.

Download Full-text

Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Non-Diabetic, Non-Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10091932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1932

Author(s):

Andras Bikov ◽

Stefan M. Frent ◽

Martina Meszaros ◽

Laszlo Kunos ◽

Alexander G. Mathioudakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽

Cigarette Pack ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

And Control

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased insulin resistance. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a simple marker of insulin resistance; however, it has been investigated only by two studies in OSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate TyG in non-diabetic, non-obese patients with OSA. A total of 132 patients with OSA and 49 non-OSA control subjects were included. Following a diagnostic sleep test, fasting blood was taken for the analysis of the lipid profile and glucose concentrations. TyG was calculated as ln(triglyceride [mg/dL] × glucose [mg/dL]/2). Comparison analyses between OSA and control groups were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking. TyG was higher in men (p < 0.01) and in ever-smokers (p = 0.02) and it was related to BMI (ρ = 0.33), cigarette pack-years (ρ = 0.17), apnoea–hypopnoea index (ρ = 0.38), oxygen desaturation index (ρ = 0.40), percentage of total sleep time spent with oxygen saturation below 90% (ρ = 0.34), and minimal oxygen saturation (ρ = −0.29; all p < 0.05). TyG values were significantly higher in OSA (p = 0.02) following adjustment for covariates. OSA is independently associated with higher TyG values which are related to disease severity in non-obese, non-diabetic subjects. However, the value of TyG in clinical practice should be evaluated in follow-up studies in patients with OSA.

Download Full-text

Simulationsbasierte Optimierung von Fabrikabläufen*/Simulation-based optimization of factory processes

wt Werkstattstechnik online ◽

10.37544/1436-4980-2018-04-27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (04) ◽

pp. 221-227

Author(s):

T. Donhauser ◽

L. Baier ◽

T. Ebersbach ◽

J. Franke ◽

P. Schuderer

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Process Technology ◽

High Quality ◽

Decomposition Approach ◽

Planning And Control ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Simulation Based Optimization ◽

And Control

Die Kalksandsteinherstellung weist aufgrund prozesstechnisch und zeitlich divergierender Teilprozesse einen hohen Planungs- sowie Steuerungsaufwand auf. Durch Einsatz eines simulationsgestützten Optimierungsverfahrens kann diese Komplexität bewältigt werden. Um bei hoher Lösungsqualität eine Laufzeit zu erreichen, die einen operativen Einsatz des Verfahrens gestattet, wird auf Basis einer vorangegangenen Studie ein Dekompositionsansatz implementiert und dessen Eignung durch Testläufe validiert.   Calcium silicate masonry production requires a great deal of planning and control due to the fact that subprocesses vary in terms of process technology and time. To overcome this complexity, a simulation-based optimization approach is applied. As a short runtime that allows the method to be used operationally and yet still offers a high quality of solution is crucial, a decomposition approach is implemented on the basis of a previous study and its suitability is validated by means of test runs.

Download Full-text

Orthodontic management of obstructive sleep-disordered respiratory disorders

l Orthodontie Française ◽

10.1684/orthodfr.2019.190029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3-4) ◽

pp. 321-335

Author(s):

Pascal Garrec ◽

Sylvie Legris ◽

Yves Soyer ◽

Brigitte Vi-Fane ◽

Laurence Jordan

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Download Full-text

Sharp transition between coalescence and non-coalescence of sessile drops

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/jfm.2014.73 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 743 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stefan Karpitschka ◽

Hans Riegler

Keyword(s):

Contact Region ◽

Threshold Value ◽

System Control ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Liquid Body ◽

Molecular Diffusivity ◽

Experimental Resolution ◽

Miscible Liquids ◽

Phase Angles ◽

Sessile Drops

AbstractUnexpectedly, under certain conditions, sessile drops from different but completely miscible liquids do not always coalesce instantaneously upon contact: the drop bodies remain separated in a temporary state of non-coalescence, connected through a thin liquid bridge. Here we investigate the transition between the states of instantaneous coalescence and temporary non-coalescence. Experiments reveal that it is barely influenced by viscosities and absolute surface tensions. The main system control parameters for the transition are the arithmetic means of the three-phase angles, $\overline{\Theta }_{a}$, and the surface tension differences $\Delta \gamma $ between the two liquids. These relevant parameters can be combined into a single system parameter, a specific Marangoni number $\widetilde{M}=3\Delta \gamma /(2\overline{\gamma }\overline{\Theta }_{a}^2)$. This $\widetilde{M}$ universally characterizes the coalescence transition behaviour as a function of both the physicochemical liquid properties and the shape of the liquid body in the contact region. The transition occurs at a certain threshold value $\widetilde{M}_t$ and is sharp within the experimental resolution. The experimentally observed threshold value of $\widetilde{M}_t\approx 2$ agrees quantitatively with values obtained by simulations assuming realistic material parameters. The simulations indicate that the absolute value of $\widetilde{M}_t$ very weakly depends on the molecular diffusivity.

Download Full-text

Interactive Simulation-Based Testing of Product Gas Transfer Integrated Monitoring and Control Software for the Lunar Mars Life Support Phase III Test

10.4271/981769 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jane T. Malin ◽

Land Fleming ◽

Thomas R. Hatfield

Keyword(s):

Life Support ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Gas Transfer ◽

Interactive Simulation ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Integrated Monitoring ◽

Product Gas ◽

Simulation Based ◽

And Control ◽

Support Phase

Download Full-text

An Efficient Method for Motor Protection System Control Using Labview

International Journal on Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering ◽

10.4018/ijmtie.2014010103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Abhay Kumar Singh ◽

Shabbiruddin

Keyword(s):

Fault Detection ◽

Efficient Method ◽

Motor System ◽

Research Work ◽

Protection System ◽

System Control ◽

Large Motor ◽

And Control ◽

Motor Protection ◽

Financial Losses

The need for a motor protection system can be well understood by the fact that motors are integral device in any of the present day industries. Malfunctioning or any other faults in motor can halt the functioning of such industries. This can cause huge financial losses. So an efficient motor protection system is necessary. The present research work deals with the application of Labview for motor protection system, which can constantly monitor and control, a large motor system. This paper presents a highly reliable approach towards protection of commonly used motors. Here we deal with different kinds of motor faults and detection of all these faults using NI LABVIEW™. The present paper will not only be helpful for industrial purposes but it can also be helpful for students to understand motor fault detection. The LABVIEW has been successfully applied to make an efficient motor protection system.

Download Full-text