The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stages of change (SOC) models have been used to predict physical activity (PA) in people with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of the TPB and SOC models and the research findings stemming from testing them in people with impairments. The health action process approach (HAPA), designed with individuals with disabilities, is also introduced, along with suggested future research using the HAPA. The HAPA is in many ways a meta-theory, as it incorporates many constructs from theories discussed here and in other chapters. For instance, various forms of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, coping, planning, and social support are all included in the HAPA. In addition, the HAPA includes a three-stage model in which people are labeled as pre-intenders, intenders, or actors. Researchers intending to use the SOC theories and the TPB should know that they have come under criticism, and these criticisms are addressed in the chapter.
Effects of an Educational Intervention on Male Students’ Intention to Quit Water Pipe Smoking: an Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)