scholarly journals Potensi Kandungan Karbon Keragaman Spesies Lamun di Perairan Pesisir Selatan Lombok Timur

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-213
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Sintia Dewi ◽  
Abdul Syukur ◽  
I Gde Mertha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Seagrass Cover ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Study Sites

through the development of carbon zinc as an organic material produced from photosynthesis and stored and transported in the form of seagrass vegetation biomass. Seagrass is one of the aquatic vegetation that is able to absorb and store carbon. Seagrasses have the ability to absorb carbon through the process of photosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to describe the potential carbon content of seagrass species in the South Coastal Waters of East Lombok. This type of research is an expolarative descriptive research. The research method is a quadratic transect method. The population of this study were all seagrass species contained in 3 research stations. The collected data was then analyzed using analysis of seagrass species composition, seagrass cover, seagrass density, diversity, uniformity, dominance and analysis of carbon content through seagrass stand biomass (leaves, rhizomes/stems and roots). The result of this research is the discovery of 9 species of seagrass on Lungkak Beach and 5 species of seagrass on Gili Kere and Poton Bakau. The species density in the three study sites ranged from 0.09 to 56.91 stands/m2. Seagrass biomass values ranged from 1.47-261.9 gbk/m2 and total carbon content ranged from 295.91±202.88 gC. The value of this biomass and carbon content was dominated by seagrass species with large morphology such as Enhalus acroides, Thalasia hemprici, Cymodocea rotundata, and Cymodocea cerillata and high density and cover values of seagrass. The relationship between seagrass cover and seagrass carbon has a significant relationship where the higher the seagrass cover, the higher the carbon content of the seagrass.

scholarly journals Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Perairan Jepara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Raka Pramulo Sophianto ◽  
Hadi Endrawati ◽  
Retno Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Descriptive Method

Padang lamun merupakan ekosistem yang kompleks dan produktif di ekosistem laut dan pesisir serta salah satu peran utama lamun adalah sebagai penyimpan karbon dengan karakteristik uniknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun, mengetahui struktur komunitas lamun,  nilai biomassa dan nilai karbon lamun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober dan November 2017 di Teluk Awur dan Pantai Bendengan Jepara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua tempat masing-masing lima stasiun. Sampel yang diambil adalah lamun, sedimen dan air laut yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian yang kemudian di identifikasi serta dianalisis di Laboratorium Biologi, Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, dan analisis pengabuan lamun dilakukan pada di Laboratorium Geologi, Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai total biomassa lamun yang didapat di kedua lokasi dari sampling pertama yaitu 982,77 gbk/m2 dan sampling kedua yaitu 923,91 gbk/m2. Total kandungan karbon pada sampling pertama berkisar antara 511,76 – 3662,26 gC/m2 dan total karbon pada sampling kedua berkisar antara 141,48 – 3344,2 gC/m2. Perbedaan hasil yang di dapat menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan iklim dapat berpengaruh terhadap hasil yang didapatkan. Seagrass beds are complex and productive ecosystems in marine and coastal ecosystems and one of the main roles of seagrasses is storing carbon with its unique characteristics. This study aims to determine the types of seagrasses, find out the seagrass community structure, biomass values and seagrass carbon values. This research was conducted in October and November 2017 in Teluk Awur and Bendengan Jepara Beach. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Sampling was carried out at two places each of five stations. Samples taken were seagrass, sediments and seawater found at the study site which were then identified and analyzed in the Biology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, and analysis of desertion carried out at the Geology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University. The results of this study indicate the total value of seagrass biomass obtained in both locations from the first test was 982.77 gbk/m2 and the second test was 923.91 gbk/m2. The total carbon content in the first sampling ranged from 511.76 - 3662.26 gC/m2 and the total carbon in the second sampling ranged from 141.48-3344.2 gC/m2. The difference in results can show that climate differences can affect the results obtained.

scholarly journals POTENSI PADANG LAMUN SEBAGAI PENYERAP KARBON DI PERAIRAN PULAU KARIMUNJAWA, TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA (Ability of Seagrass Beds as Carbon Sink in The Waters of Karimunjawa Island, Karimunjawa National Park )

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ajeng Ganefiani ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti ◽  
Nurul Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Cover ◽  
Halodule Uninervis ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium ◽  
Cymodocea Serrulata

Perubahan iklim disebabkan karena meningkatnya kandungan Gas Rumah Kaca seperti karbon dioksida (CO2), klorofluorokarbon (CFC), ozon (O3), dinitro oksida (N2O), metana (CH4), heksafluorida (SF6), hidrofluorokarbon (HFCS), perfluorokarbon (PFCS)). Diantara kedelapan gas tersebut, konsentrasi gas CO2 di atmosfer memiliki kontribusi terbesar yaitu lebih dari 55% dari total efek GRK yang ditimbulkan. Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan emisi GRK adalah dengan memanfaatkan lautan dan ekosistem pesisir sebagai penyerap CO2 alami (natural CO2 sink). Lamun merupakan tumbuhan laut yang berkontribusi terhadap penyerapan karbon melalui proses fotosintesis yang kemudian disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa pada bagian daun, rhizoma dan akar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis lamun, kerapatan dan tutupan lamun serta potensi penyerapan karbon dalam biomassa berupa jaringan atas substrat dan bawah substrat lamun yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2018 di Pulau Karimunjawa. Identifikasi jenis lamun dilakukan dengan melihat panduan buku seagrasswatch, kerapatan dan tutupan dilakukan dengan metode transek kuadran. Analisis kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode pengabuan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 8 jenis lamun yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila minor, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Thalassia hemprichii dan Cymodocea rotundata memiliki nilai kerapatan tertinggi dengan kerapatan mencapai 450 ind/m2 dan 1204 ind/m2. Nilai biomassa dibagian bawah susbtrat berkisar 970,39 - 1.412.55 gbk/m2 yang lebih besar dibandingkan nilai biomassa lamun dibagian atas substrat berkisar 371, 88 - 546, 38 gbk/m2 diikuti nilai penyerapan karbon dibagian bawah substrat (akar dan rhizoma) berkisar antara 12,60 – 93,62 gC/m2, sementara kandungan karbon dibagian atas substrat (daun) berkisar antara 4,19 – 34,12 gC/m2. Total stok karbon di perairan Pulau Karimunjawa berkisar antara 1,28 ton karbon – 2,49 ton karbon atau sebesar 0,50 – 0,73 ton karbon/ha Climate change is caused by increasing greenhouse gases content such as carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), ozone (O3), dinitro oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS), perfluorocarbons (PFCS) )). Among the eight gases, the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere has the largest contribution, which is more than 55% of the total GHG effects generated. One of the preventive measures that can be taken to reduce GHG emissions is to use the oceans and coastal ecosystems as natural CO2 sinks. Seagrass is a marine plant that contributes to carbon sequestration through photosynthesis which is then stored in the form of biomass in the leaves, rhizomes and roots. This research aims to know the types of seagrass, seagrass cover and potential density of biomass carbon of above the substrate (leaves) and below the substrate seagrass (roots and rhizomes) in March 2018 at Karimunjawa Island. The identification of seagrass types used guidance book of seagrasswatch and the identification of seagrass cover and density was carried out using transect quadrant method. Analysis carbon content used ashing method. The result of the present study found 8 species of seagrasses that Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila minor, Halodule uninervis, Halodule ovalis and Syringodium isoetifolium. Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata have the highest density value reached 450 ind/m2 and 1,204 ind/m2. Value biomass below substrate ranged from 970.39 to 1.412.55 gbk/m2  which is greater than the value biomass above the substrate ranged from 371, 88 - 546, 38 gbk/m2 followed by the value of the carbon adsorption in below the substrate (roots and rhizomes) ranged from 12.60 to 93.63 gC/m2, whilst the carbon content above the substrate (leaves) ranged from 4.19 to 34.12 gC/m2. Total carbon stock in the waters of Karimunjawa Island ranged from 1.28 – 2.49 tons of carbon or of 0.50 to 0.73 tons of carbon/ha.

scholarly journals Potensi Penyimpanan Karbon Pada Vegetasi Padang Lamun di Perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Sikka, Maumere, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Jan Ericson Wismar ◽  
Wilis Ari Setyati ◽  
Ita Riniatsih
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium

Konsep blue carbon adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon pemicu pemanasan global dengan cara memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir sebagai penyerap karbon. Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang dapat menyerap  karbon dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lamun dan kandungan karbon pada lamun di Perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Maumere, Sikka.  Pengamatan lamun menggunakan transek kuadrat 50x50cm menurut panduan LIPI. Sampling lamun dilakukan acak menggunakan seagrass core berdiameter 15 cm di setiap lokasi. Perhitungan kandungan karbon menggunakan metode Loss On Ignition (LOI) yang kemudian dikonversikan dengan nilai biomassa pada setiap titiknya. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan sebanyak 4 spesies yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii,, Cymodocea rotundata,dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Lokasi pengamatan memiliki tutupan lamun sangat padat. Nilai biomassa dibawah  dan diatas substrat pada lokasi pengamatan didapat nilai 424,60 gbk/m2  dan 79,67 gbk/m2. Total kandungan karbon pada lokasi pengamatan  adalah 41,95 gC/m2. Kandungan karbon terbesar disimpan pada jaringan lamun (akar dan rhizoma) dengan spesies E. acoroides sebagai penyumbang nilai biomassa  dan kandungan karbon tertinggi. Lokasi perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Maumere memiliki kondisi perairan yang baik dengan kerapatan lamun yang tinggi, secara umum kandungan karbon yang terdapat pada perairan tersebut memiliki kandungan yang tinggi. Kondisi lamun yang baik akan memiliki simpanan karbon yang baik dan hal ini merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim sekaligus menjaga kelestarian laut.  The concept of blue carbon is one of the efforts to reduce carbon gas emissions that trigger global warming by utilizing coastal vegetation as a carbon sink. Seagrass ecosystems are one of the coastal ecosystems that can absorb large amounts of carbon. This study aims to find seagrass conditions and carbon content in seagrasses on the waters of Besar Utara Island, Maumere, Sikka. Seagrass observations used a 50x50cm quadrant transect according to the LIPI guideline, 2017. Seagrass sampling was using seagrass cores with 15cm diameter in each location. Calculation of carbon content using the Loss On Ignition (LOI) method which is then converted to biomass values at each point. Seagrass species found in location sampling were 4 species, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The Location  has very dense seagrass cover. Biomass values below and above the substrate at location sampling (424.60 gbk / m2 and 79.67 gbk / m2). The total carbon content in location sampling is 41.95 gC / m2. The largest carbon content is stored in seagrass tissues (roots and rhizomes) with E. acoroides as a contributor to the highest biomass and carbon content. The location of Besar North island, Maumere has good water conditions with high seagrass density, in general the carbon storage at the location of Besar North island is high condition. Seagrass with good condition will have good carbon storage and this is one of the efforts in mitigating climate change at once preserving the sea.

The distribution of total carbon content in enstatite chondrites

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton B. Moore ◽  
Charles F. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Enstatite Chondrites

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF THE HUMUS OF SOME CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

Two orthic profiles, widely separated geographically, of each of four parent materials—lacustrine, alluvial–lacustrine, glacial till, and Aeolian—were selected at undisturbed sites within each of the Brown, Dark Brown, and Thin Black soil zones. Material from the Ah and Bm horizons was subjected to solvent extraction, and for each sample the total organic carbon of seven different fractions was determined.The efficiency of the procedure in extracting humus carbon decreased as the total carbon content of the soil increased. Total organic matter, the first humic acid fraction, and the combined total of the three humic acid fractions showed significant differences between soil zones. The only significant separation between all four parent materials was made by the alcohol-benzene fraction. Other parent material separations were possible only following the summation of data of several fractions, such as the three humic acid fractions or the two fulvic acid fractions. A simplification of the procedure in case of soils of one Order and a modification to overcome the impeding effect of increased carbon content are requisite.

scholarly journals Biomasa dan Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jepara

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Annisa Rhamadany ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
A Value ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Thalassodendron Ciliatum

Ekosistem lamun memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Peran ekosistem lamun dalam penyimpanan karbon akan tetapi masih belum menjadi sorotan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai biomassa dan estimasi simpanan karbon pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Batulawang, Pulau Kemujan serta Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 7 – 14 Noevmber 2019 di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian di lapangan menggunakan metode SeagrassWatch, sementara nilai biomassa dan nilai estimasi simpanan karbon dihitung menggunakan metode Metode Loss of Ignition (LOI) di laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh berupa pengukuran berat kering untuk menghitung biomassa dan analisa kandungan karbon pada lamun dan sedimen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat jenis lamun di Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, dan Thalassodendron ciliatum sedangkan di Pulau Sintok terdapat tiga jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halophila ovalis. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 849,75 gbk/m2 dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Thalassodendron ciliatum dengan nilai 29 gbk/m2. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Pulau Sintok yaitu Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 177,75 gbk/m2dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Halophila ovalis dengan nilai 4,75 gbk/m2. Hasil pengukuran karbon lamun pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ dan 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 pada sedimennya. Hasil pengukuran karbon pada lamun di Pulau Sintok yaitu 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 dan 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 pada sedimen. Kandungan karbon paling besar terdapat pada bagian bawah substrat (below ground). Kandungan karbon pada bagian bawah substrat tidak terganggu oleh faktor lingkungan (gelombang, arus, dan ulah manusia) sehingga terakumulasi baik. Seagrass ecosystems have high ecological and economic functions. The role of seagrass ecosystems in carbon storage, however, has not yet been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of biomass and estimated carbon storage in seagrass ecosystems in Batulawang waters, Kemujan Island and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. This research was conducted on 7 − 14 November 2019 in Batulawang waters and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. The research method in the field uses the SeagrassWatch method, while the biomass value and the estimated value of carbon storage are calculated using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method in the laboratory. The data obtained were measurements of dry weight to calculate biomass and analysis of carbon content in seagrass and sediments. The result shows that there are four species of seagrass in Batulawang Waters, they are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Thalassodendron cliatum meanwhile in Sintok Island there are three species, they are, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila ovalis. The measurement of carbon is done by using Loss on Ignition Method. The highest total seagrass biomass in Batulawang waters is Enhalus acoroides with a value of 849.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Thalassodendron ciliatum with a value of 29 gbk/m2. The highest total seagrass biomass on Sintok Island is Cymodocea rotundata with a value of 177.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Halophila ovalis with a value of 4.75 gbk/m2. The results of measurements of seagrass carbon in Batulawang waters are 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ and 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 on the sediments. The result of seagrass carbon measurement in Sintok Island is 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 and 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 on the sediments. The largest carbon content is at the bottom of the substrate (below ground). The carbon content at the bottom of the substrate is not disturbed by environmental factors (waves, currents, and human activities) so that it accumulates well.

scholarly journals Cadangan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al Rizky Ratno Budiarto ◽  
Johan Iskandar ◽  
Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

Secara global, ekosistem lamun dianggap sebagai penyerap karbon sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, biomassa dan cadangan karbon pada komunitas padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Kepulauan Anambas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2019 s.d Januari 2020. Uji kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode Welkley and Black sedangkan untuk mendapatkan biomassa menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis lamun, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Nilai biomassa lamun berkisar antara 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 dan nilai cadangan karbon berada pada kisaran 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. Padang lamun di Siantan Tengah memiliki luas 130,45 ha, sehingga total Cadangan karbon pada ekosistem padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah diperkirakan 95,88 ton C. Penelitian ini membuktikan adanya kandungan karbon pada biomassa lamun sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa padang lamun berperan sebagai penyerap karbon (carbon sink).  Globally, seagrass ecosystems are considered as carbon sink so that it can contribute to climate change mitigation. This research aims to determine the species composition, biomass, and carbon stock in seagrass communities in Siantan Tengah Marine Tourism Park of Anambas Islands. The research was conducted in Agustus 2019 – January 2020.  The carbon content test was carried out by the Walkley and Black method while to obtain biomass using the gravimetric method. The result od study showed that there are three species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea rotundata. Seagrass biomass value range 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 and seagrass carbon stock value range 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. The area of seagrass beds in Central Siantan is 130,45 ha so that the total carbon stock estimated reach 95,88 tons C. This research proves the presence of carbon in the biomass of seagrass beds, so it can be concluded that seagrass beds act as carbon sinks.

Observations on dugongs at Calauit Island, Busuanga, Palawan, Phillipines

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Aragones
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vantage Points

A simultaneous monitoring system that used a team of local observers to count dugongs around Calauit Island, Busuanga, Palawan, Philippines, from eight vantage points was employed from March 1989 to May 1990 to identify important dugong habitats around the island. On average, five dugongs were seen per survey day. More dugongs were observed during March and July 1989 than in other months. These periods coincided with the bimodal peaking of seagrass biomass in the region and the lull between monsoons for that year. The site where dugongs were most often sighted was about 1.5 m deep, had the largest area of seagrass on the island (approximately 50 ha) and supported a seagrass (above-ground) biomass averaging 1060 g m-2 (wet weight). The dugongs were shy, making observations difficult. They were observed to graze at the study sites once per day, usually starting in the late afternoon or at night. Animals usually stayed on the seaward side of the spur-and-groove sections of the reefs. Short seagrasses such as Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassia hemprichii showed more evidence of being grazed than the taller Enhalus acoroides. By direct observations of the area grazed by a single dugong, an average consumption rate of 30.5 kg (wet weight) of seagrass (above ground only) per day was estimated. The methodology developed in this study may be used to identify reserve areas for the protection of dugong habitats in the Philippines. The dugong populations of Palawan require further attention and implementation of conservation measures.

Topographic distribution of the soil total carbon content and sulfur deficiency for rice cultivation in a floodplain ecosystem of the Northern region of Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Yukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Keiichi Hayashi ◽  
Alhassan I. Zakaria ◽  
Yahaya Inusah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Topographic Distribution
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