scholarly journals SERUM TUMOR MARKERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
FAISAL BILAL LODHI ◽  
DR IFTIKHAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD ALI ◽  
Riaz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Monitoring Response

With the advent of new generations of chemotherapeutic agents andadvances in radiation therapy in the management of malignancies, an understanding of tumor markers is becomingincreasingly important. These soluble molecules in the blood are usually glycoproteins detected by monoclonalantibodies. Each tumor marker has a variable profile of usefulness for screening, determining diagnosis and prognosis,assessing response to therapy, and monitoring for cancer recurrence. Monoclonal antibodies are used to detect serumantigens associated with specific malignancies. These tumor markers are most useful for monitoring response totherapy and detecting early relapse. With the exception of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), tumor markers do not havesufficient sensitivity or specificity for use in screening. Cancer Antigen (CA) 27.29 most frequently is used to followresponse to therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen is used to detect relapse ofcolorectal cancer, and CA 19-9 may be helpful in establishing the nature of pancreatic masses. CA 125 is useful forevaluating pelvic masses in postmenopausal women, monitoring response to therapy in women with ovarian cancer,and detecting recurrence of this malignancy. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma,sometimes is used to screen highly selected populations and to assess hepatic masses in patients at particular riskfor developing hepatic malignancy. Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) is an integralpart of the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Combined AFP and b-hCG testing is anessential adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and in monitoring theresponse to therapy. AFP and b-hCG also may be useful in evaluating potential origins of poorly differentiatedmetastatic cancer. PSA is used to screen for prostate cancer, detect recurrence of the malignancy, and evaluatespecific syndromes of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. This review article describes the use of common tumormarkers in primary care practice. Particular emphasis is given to when these tests should be ordered and to commonfactors that influence the interpretation of tumor marker levels.

Method comparison of tumor markers assessed by LOCI™- and ECLIA-based technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Ramona C. Dolscheid-Pommerich ◽  
Sarah Dolscheid ◽  
Lars Eichhorn ◽  
Berndt Zur ◽  
Stefan Holdenrieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Free Psa

AbstractBackground:Since the introduction of luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassays (LOCI™)-based assays in the daily laboratory routine of tumor marker measurements, only a small number of method comparisons with established immunoassays have been published. We performed a method comparison between LOCI™-based tumor marker assays for Dimension™ VISTA and electrochemiluminiscent immunoassays (ECLIA) for Cobas™ e411, for α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA (fPSA).Methods:Tumor markers were assessed in 1088 sera from routine diagnostics on the Dimension™ VISTA 1500 and Cobas™ e411 analyzers.Results:Strong correlations were achieved for PSA (r=0.999), AFP (r=0.994) and CEA (r=0.993). Results were quite comparable as only minor slopes of 1.05 (PSA), 1.02 (AFP) and 0.94 (CEA), respectively, were found. However, correlations for CA 125 (r=0.976), CA 19-9 (r=0.960), fPSA (r=0.950) and CA 15-3 (r=0.940) were only moderate, and considerable slopes were observed for these markers with higher values for CA 19-9 (slope 1.50) and lower ones for CA 15-3 (0.76), fPSA (0.75) and CA 125 (0.64), for Dimension™ VISTA 1500.Conclusions:We found excellent correlations and comparable values for AFP, CEA and PSA, but only moderate correlations for fPSA, CA 125, CA 15-3 and CA 19-9. The slopes for CA 19-9, CA 15-3, fPSA and CA 125 have to be considered when analysis methods for tumor markers are changed.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Serum Tumor Marker Concentrations and Usefulness in Clinical Monitoring

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Bidart ◽  
François Thuillier ◽  
Christine Augereau ◽  
Jacqueline Chalas ◽  
Alain Daver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Abstract Only a few markers have been instrumental in the diagnosis of cancer. In contrast, tumor markers play a critical role in the monitoring of patients. The patient’s clinical status and response to treatment can be evaluated rapidly using the tumor marker half-life (t1/2) and the tumor marker doubling time (DT). This report reviews the interest of determining these kinetic parameters for prostate-specific antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, α-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen (CA) 125, and CA 15-3. A rise in tumor markers (DT) is a yardstick with which benign diseases can be distinguished from metastatic disease, and the DT can be used to assess the efficacy of treatments. A decline in the tumor marker concentration (t1/2) is a predictor of possible residual disease if the timing of blood sampling is soon after therapy. The discrepancies in results obtained by different groups may be attributable to the multiplicity of immunoassays, the intrinsic characteristics of each marker (e.g., antigen specificity, molecular heterogeneity, and associated forms), individual factors (e.g., nonspecific increases and renal and hepatic diseases) and methods used to calculate kinetics (e.g., exponential models and timing of blood sampling). This kinetic approach could be of interest to optimize patient management.

scholarly journals Introduction of new tumor marker age score in clinical practice: Validity evaluation for differentiation benign from malignant adnexal masses

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Ivana Likic-Ladjevic ◽  
Milan Terzic ◽  
Nebojsa Ladjevic ◽  
Jelena Dotlic ◽  
Igor Pilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Combined Tumor ◽  
Adnexal Tumor ◽  
Adnexal Tumors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine several tumor markers and their correlation with pathohistological findings in patients with adnexal masses. METHODS: Study involved 139 patients, 84 of them with benign, 47 with malignant and 8 with borderline adnexal tumor. Levels of CA 125, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 15-3 were obtained preoperatively and assessed regarding the specific pathohistological diagnose and the patient?s age. Obtaining these results led us to divide the patient?s CA 125 levels with age and by doing that we have attained a new Tumor Marker Age score (TMA score). Results: Patients with malignant adnexal tumors had significantly higher levels of CEA (p<0.05), CA 125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 tumor markers (p<0.01), in comparison with patients with benign tumors. TMA score highly statistically correlate with the tumor type (benignant/malignant). CONCLUSIONS: With the increase of tumor marker levels and the patient?s age the malignant nature of adnexal tumors is more often. Results of our study highlight the importance of the use of combined tumor markers (at least CA-125 and CA 19-9) in women with adnexal masses. Those levels along with the patient?s age and new TMA score could preoperatively predict malignant nature of the tumor.

Tumor Markers in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Filella ◽  
A. Cases ◽  
R. Molina ◽  
J. Jo ◽  
J.L. Bedini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Ca 50

In order to evaluate the specificity of tumor markers in chronic renal failure, we have determined serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9), carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA 50), alfafetoprotein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostatic specific antigen (PSA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) in 30 patients with cronic renal failure and in 36 hemodialyzed patients without clinical evidence of neoplasia. CEA, CA 50, NSE and SCC frequently show increased serum levels, suggesting a renal metabolism, while others remain, generally, within the normal levels.

Clinical ambiguousness of measurement of tumor markers in the differential diagnosis of the uterus appendages tumors and inflam-matory pelvic mass in girls

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Nadezda Anatolyevna Kokhreidze ◽  
Svetlana Alekseevna Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Marker Test ◽  
Tumor Specificity

In the diagnosis of ovarian tumors, with the most frequent gystotypes specific to childhood and adolescence, is widely used of tumor markers tests: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and Ca-125. Features of the development of malignancies in children restrict of tumor markers tests in clinical practice. At the same time there are no tumor marker with 100 % specificity for the tumor. The article describes the clinical cases of 13-year-old female patient with appendicular infiltrate and secondary right adnekstumor and 14-year-old girl with hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis and salpingooophorities. The levels of Ca-125 and was an increased in both cases: in the first - to 39.41 IU/ml, in the second - up to 928.1 IU/ml. Thus, it was confirmed that the increase of serum concentration of CA-125 were in direct proportion to the pathological “irritation” of peritoneal serosa. In fact, the Ca-125 had the feature of acute phase proteins, so, its tumor specificity was low. Therefore the use of tumor marker test for Ca-125 is not always makes more easy task of differential diagnosis of the nature of the tumor mass pelvic in girls.

S100P tumor-marker response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 265-265
Author(s):  
Shuichi Mitsunaga ◽  
Kumiko Umemoto ◽  
Kazuo Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Okuyama ◽  
Yusuke Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Monitoring Response

265 Background: The serum tumor-marker in monitoring response to chemotherapy is not valid in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P) has been reported as a predictive diagnostic index for PC and may serve as an early marker to activity of chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the efficacies of chemotherapy and the kinetics of tumor-markers including serum S100P, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in prospective cohort of advanced PC. Methods: Patients who were treatment naïve for advanced PC with liver mets were eligible. Serum levels of S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 were measured at baseline and at one month later. The patients without monitoring of tumor-markers were excluded. A response of tumor-marker was defined as a decrease of at least 25%. Clinical data including radiological response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors ver. 1.1 were prospectively collected. S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 responses were tested in association with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Fifty patients were analyzed in this study (male: 64%, median age: 67 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [PS] 0: 60%). All of 50 patients received chemotherapy (gemcitabine [GEM]: 13 pts, GEM doublets: 34 pts, 5FU-based regimen: 3 pts). PFS and OS were 2.8 and 6.1 months. Responses of S100P, CEA, and CA19-9 were founded in 50%, 16%, and 32% of all, respectively. Multivariate analysis for PFS in Cox regression hazard model was performed using age, gender, PS, CEA, CA19-9, and S100P, and revealed that the independent predictors to longer PFS were responses of S100P (HR to progression: 0.47, P=0.02) and CEA (HR: 0.29, P=0.01). S100P or CEA responders showed better OS in univariate analysis using log-rank test, compared to non-responders of S100P (responder vs. non-responder: 8.4 vs. 3.7 months, P=0.04) or CEA (12.0 vs. 5.9 months, P=0.02), but not in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Biochemical response of S100P might be useful for monitoring response to chemotherapy in advanced PC, which warranted further study in relationship between serum S100P response and treatment efficacies.

scholarly journals OVARIAN CANCER;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 904-908
Author(s):  
NASEER AHMED SHAIKH ◽  
RUKHSANA PARVEEN SAMO ◽  
M. QASIM MEMON
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Serum Tumor Marker ◽  
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Object: 1). To analyze of serum tumor marker CA-125 in patients with ovarian malignant tumors. 2). To correlate betweenthe serum levels of tumor marker with histological types of ovarian malignant tumors. Study Design: Institution based descriptive andprospective study. Place & Duration: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January2009 to June 2011. Material & Methods: One hundred cases, diagnosed as ovarian malignant tumor on H&E staining were selected forstudy & measure serum CA-125 preoperatively and postoperatively in each case. Results: Out of 100 cases diagnosed as on H&E stainwere 33 serous cystadenocarcinoma, 24 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 10 germ cell tumors and 08 sex-cord stromal tumors. On serumanalysis increased level of CA-125 was seen preoperatively in 33/33 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma and 24/29 cases of mucinousadenocarcinoma. Serum tumor marker value was declined following appropriate therapy of the tumors. Conclusions: Serum tumormarkers CA-125 is useful and important for the detection of ovarian tumors. It is most significant for serous cystadenocarcinoma. It mayalso help in prognosis and specific treatment of ovarian malignancies relating to histological type.

Prolonged survival in patients with persistently elevated tumor markers after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5051-5051
Author(s):  
Z. He ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
G. Liu ◽  
J. Manola ◽  
P. Loehrer
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

5051 Background: Persistently elevated levels of either AFP or HCG or both after chemotherapy are thought to represent residual viable disease while the normalization of tumor markers predicts favorable outcomes. This study was to evaluate the clinical implication of tumor marker normalization for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (GCTs). Methods: This was a retrospective data analysis from two prospective randomized trials (ECOG E4887 and E3887). In E4887, 178 patients with minimal- or moderate-stage disease (Indiana stage) were randomized to receive three cycles of cisplatin plus etoposide with/without bleomycin. In E3887, 304 patients with advanced disseminated GCTs were randomized to receive four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin versus the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin. AFP and HCG were assessed at baseline and after each cycle of chemotherapy. Tumor marker normalization was defined as AFP or HCG normalized after completing chemotherapy. OS and PFS curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate and univariate models, stratified on International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCCG), were used to assess the impact of marker normalization for patients with abnormal markers at study entry. Results: Median follow-up is 14.8 years. About 40% to 60% of Patients with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy have prolonged PFS and/or OS. In IGCCCG poor risk patients, 35% to 55% of them with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy have prolonged PFS and/or OS. There is a statistically significant difference in OS associated with AFP normalization in both multivariate (p=0.008, HR=0.51 with 95% CI=0.31–0.84) and univariate analysis (p=0.0008, HR=0.43 with 95% CI=0.26–0.71). However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS associated with normalization of HCG in both multivariate analysis (p=0.52, HR=0.84 with 95% CI=0.50–1.41) and univariate analysis (p=0.29, HR=0.76 with 95% CI=0.46–1.26). Conclusions: Patients with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy may still have prolonged PFS and/or OS. Normalization of AFP but not HCG is associated with better OS in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous GCTs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Mass lesions of ovary - Tumor markers can be misleading

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Moothiringode Chitrabhanu Savithri ◽  
Usha Mary Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Ovary Tumor ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Background: Ovarian mass lesions could be neoplastic or non neoplastic. The less aggressive lesions should be distinguished from carcinomas which require extensive surgical procedures. CA-125 is a tumor marker used for evaluating ovarian carcinomas. In this series we found seven cases of sex cord stromal tumors (SCT) and endometriotic cysts with raised CA-125 levels, the highest value being 1540 IU/ml. Aims and Objectives: 1) To retrospectively evaluate cases which presented as mass lesions of ovary over a two year period along with CA-125 levels if available. 2) To find out the number of non carcinomatous lesions with elevation of the tumor marker CA-125. Materials and Methods: Total number of ovarian tumors and endometriotic cysts reported in the Department of Pathology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India in the two year period of 2012 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. CA-125 levels if available were noted. Results: Primary ovarian tumors comprised 180 cases, the rest being metastastic adenocarcinomas. There were 15 cases of SCT and 21 endometriotic cysts. CA 125 levels were increased in 2 cases each of granulosa cell tumors and fibrothecomas and 3 cases of endometriotic cysts. Highest value was 1540 IU/ml. Conclusion: Elevation of the tumor marker CA 125 often tricks the clinician into making a provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of ovary. It is important to understand the limitations in the interpretation of tumor markers so that more aggressive treatment modalities are avoided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10983  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 26-29 

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