scholarly journals HEPATITIS ‘C’;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
MUZAFFAR MEHMOOD KHAN ◽  
Muhammad TAHIR ◽  
Mohsin RAZA ◽  
Muhammad Ali BHATTI ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Khokar
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Base Line Data

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine association of Interferon-Ribavarin therapy with hearing loss in patientssuffering from Hepatitis ‘C’. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration: Otolaryngology Department Combined MilitaryHospital Rawalpindi from 09 June 2006 to 08 June 2007. Patients and Methods: Consenting sixty patients of Hepatitis C divided into two equalgroups of 30 each, (group A receiving Interferon-Ribavarin therapy and group B, not receiving it) during the study period fitting the inclusioncriteria were selected. Pure Tone Audiometery including both air and bone conduction performed as base line data at commencement oftherapy and then at the end of therapy (after six months) . Patients were sampled by Convenience (non-probability) technique. Results: Thenumber of patients who were found to have defined hearing loss was 06 (20%) in Group A (n=30) and 05(16.67%) in Group B (n=30). Chi Squaretest was applied which showed a p-value of 0.739 which is highly insignificant. Conclusions: Interferon-Ribavarin Therapy does not have asignificant association with hearing loss in patients of Hepatitis ‘C’.

scholarly journals Study on impact of duration of tympanic membrane perforation on hearing loss and audiological outcome after surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Raies Ahmad ◽  
Gopika Kalsotra ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Aditiya Saraf ◽  
Parmod Kalsotra
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to assess impact of duration of tympanic membrane perforation on hearing loss and postoperative audiological outcome using pure tone audiogram.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted on 100 patients in department of ENT and HNS, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College Jammu during a time period of November 2018 to October 2019. All the patients with age 15 to 60 years who presented with tympanic membrane (pars tensa) perforation were included in the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, mean preoperative hearing loss (AC threshold) of group A was 36.23±1.07 dB and of group B was 25.67±6.38 dB. Group C had mean preoperative hearing loss (AC threshold) of 28.78±6.50 dB. Mean preoperative air-bone gap (AB gap) of group A was 12.9±8.05dB and of group B was 13.86±4.19 dB. Group C had mean preoperative air-bone gap (AB gap) of 16.47±5.51 dB. Postoperatively, pure tone threshold at three months was least in group B (15.09±5.80 dB), followed by group C (15.68±4.66 dB) and group A (19.33±2.81 dB). Whereas, postoperative AB gap at 3 months was least in group C (10±3 dB), followed by group C (8.44±3.59 dB). Group B had maximum postoperative AB gap of 8.49±4.34 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study did not show any correlation between duration of disease and degree of hearing loss.</p>

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTIC-STEROID AND ICHTHAMMOL GLYCERINE WICK IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE OTITIS EXTERNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S612-16
Author(s):  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed Butt ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Zaheer Ul Hassan ◽  
Attique Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of steroid antibiotic wick with Ichthammol Glycerol wick in the management of Acute Otitis Externa in terms of tenderness and clearance of discharge/debris. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT Out Patient department of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from May to Nov 2018. Methodology: A total of 250 patients were included and divided into two groups of 125 each. After necessary suction clearance topical Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone (Cipotec-D) wick was placed in auditory canal of group A patients and topical Glycerol/Ichthammol wick was placed in group B. Follow up visits were done on 3rd and 7th day of starting the treatment. Results: Group A patients responded better in terms of tenderness (88%) however both groups had similar response in terms of discharge reduction (7.2% vs 6.4%). In terms of efficacy neither of the treatment proved more efficacious compared to the other (p-value 0.058). Conclusion: While steroid antibiotic wick is significantly more efficient in terms reducing tenderness, in terms of overall efficacy and discharge reduction Ichthammol/glycerol is equally effective.

scholarly journals Comparison of standard and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum; reduction in frequency and intensity of post-operative shoulder pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Sania Waseem ◽  
Humera Naz Altaf ◽  
Sehrish Latif ◽  
Omar Shahzad Altaf ◽  
Fareeha Farooqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Standard Pressure ◽  
Group B

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now gold standard and depends on good exposure of the peritoneal cavity. It is achieved by insufflation of the abdominal cavity with CO2. Operating at lower intraabdominal pressure (<12 -15mmHg) has been associated with fewer pulmonary and hemodynamic complications and lesser postoperative pain. Objective: To ascertain the advantages of low pressure pneumoperitoneum over standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Methods: Our study was quasi experimental study conducted at  KRL Hospital, Islamabad over period of 3years from 2013 to 2016. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate p value.  Results: A total of 456 patients of gallstones were equally divided in two groups assigned to undergo low pressure (7-8mm of Hg) pneumoperitoneum or standard pressure (12-14mm of Hg) pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic cholecystectomy The average age of patients was 46.2+/-13.6yrs in group A compared to 43.5 +/- 12.9 in group B. There were 60 (26.3%) male and 168 (73.7%) female patients in group A compared to 53 (23.2% and 175 (76.85) in group B respectively. It was found that group A 14 (6.1%) had no pain, 26 (11.4%) had VAS between 1 – 7 and 188 (82.5%) had VAS of 8 – 10 where as in group B 164 (72.6%) patients reported no shoulder tip pain postoperatively, 42 (18.6%) had VAS of 1 – 7 and 20 (8.8%) had VAS OF 8 – 10. The difference was statistically significant (p-value = <0.001). Conclusions: reduced pressure of pneumoperitoneum to 7 – 8 mm of Hg produce lower incidence of postoperative shoulder tip pain.

scholarly journals Comparison of 4% Topical Hydroquinone versus Combination of Oral Tranexamic Acid and 4% Topical Hydroquinone in the Treatment of Epidermal Melasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3406-3409
Author(s):  
Sarah Riaz ◽  
Najia Ahmed ◽  
Ayesha Anwar ◽  
Moizza Tahir ◽  
Farrah Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than

Objective: comparison of efficacy of topical 4% hydroquinone monotherapy with combination of oral tranexamic acid and topical 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of epidermal melasma Study design: Quasi experimental study Study period and place: Dermatology OPD, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi from July 2018 to January 2019. Methodology: Total 80 patients presenting with epidermal melasma were selected from outdoor patient department after applying the inclusion criteria and consent was taken from selected patients. Study was started after getting permission from hospital ethical review board. Two treatment groups were made after dividing patients by using alternate method. Treatment with topical 4% hydroquinone alone was started for group A patients and combination of capsule tranexamic acid (250 mg two times a day) along with topical 4% hydroquinone were started for group B patients for the next 6 months. Evaluation of patients through detailed history, clinical and wood’s light examination before starting therapy and after of 24 weeks of treatment was done for both groups. Efficacy of treatment was assessed via Modified MASI score. Results: Hydroquinone monotherapy was effective in 21 (52.5%) patients among group A while in group B patients, combination treatment i.e. oral tranexamic acid and topical hydroquinone, was effective in 31 (77.5%) patients (p value= 0.01). Conclusion: Effectiveness of Hydroquinone 4% topical therapy combined with oral tranexamic acid for epidermal melasma is better than topical 4% hydroquinone alone. Key words: Epidermal melasma, oral tranexamic acid, topical 4% hydroquinone.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-79
Author(s):  
Qamar Zia ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Tahira Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Scores

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05. Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001. Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.

scholarly journals GABAPENTIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892-1898
Author(s):  
Brig (Retd) Muhammad Boota ◽  
Sohail Nasir ◽  
Imran Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nasotracheal Intubation ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: There have been several methods used to prevent or attenuate the adverse hemodynamic changes following endotracheal intubation, but not many studies have been done for the same purpose in patients undergoing nasotracheal intubation. Deepening of anaesthesia, omitting cholinergic premedication, pre-treatment with vasodilators such as nitroglycerine, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and opioids are few of the different techniques used when trachea is intubated orally or nasally, to blunt significant swings in hemodynamic parameters. We assessed the effectiveness of oral gabapentin to determine changes in hemodynamic response in normotensive patients following nasotracheal intubationwith or without laryngoscopy for elective maxillofacial surgeries. Study Design: Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: 18 months after approval from the ethical committee. Material & Methods: Total 130 patients were included in the study. These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In Group-A patients were given 800 mg gabapentin and in Group-B patients were given placebo. Heart rate and mean arterial pressures were recorded just before intubation as base line values, and then average readings were taken at 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after intubation. Bradycardia and hypotension were adequately treated with intravenous atropine and vasopressors. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS 17. Results: Total 130 patients who underwent elective surgeries were included in the study and divided into 2 groups each group containing 65 patients each. At 1st minute MAP in Group-A (oral gabapentin) and in Group-B (Placebo) was 86.89±4.36 and 98.70±4.39. At 3rd minute MAP in Group-A, in Group-B was 83.40±4.05 and 92.93±4.79. At 5th minute MAP was 82.50±5.00 and 88.03±4.22 and lastly at 10th minute MAP was 79.81±5.37 in Group-A and 83.18±4.77 in Group-B respectively. P-value at 1st, 3rd, 5th and at 10th minutes showed that statistically MAP was different in both treatment groups at the above mentioned time intervals. 1st minute: p-value=0.042, 3rd minute: p-value=0.000, 5th minute: p-value=0.000 and at 10th minute: p-value=0.000. At 1st minute heart rate in Group-A and Group-B was 87.89±1.39 and 93.47±6.88 respectively. At 3rd minute heart rate in Group-A and Group-B was 83.47±5.47 and 89.70±6.76. At 5th minute heart rate was 82.10±5.01 and 84.60±5.91 and lastly at 10th minute heart rate was 78.09±6.79 in Group-A and 77.27±5.34 in Group-B respectively. P -value at 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes showed that statistically heart rate was different in both treatment groups at the above mentioned time intervals. But at 10th minute heart rate was statistically same in both treatment groups. 1st minute: p-value=0.144, 3rd minute: p-value=0.000, 5th minute: p-value=0.011 and at 10th minute: p-value=0.448. Conclusion: According to the results of this study it was observed that oral gabapentin is effective in modifying hemodynamic response to nasotracheal intubation in normotensive patients undergoing elective maxillofacial surgeries. MAP (10th Minute: Group-A vs. Group-B: 0.000) & Heart Rate (10th Minute: Group-A vs. Group-B:0.448)

scholarly journals HEPATITIS-C GENOTYPE-3A INFECTION;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 670-674
Author(s):  
Nizamuddin - ◽  
Abdul Hameed Khan ◽  
Ayesha Jamil ◽  
Fazal Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Genotype 3A

Objectives: In last decade, “treatment of chronic hepatitis-C revolved frominterferon based therapy to most effective interferon free therapy with new direct antiviraldrugs like Sofosbuvir and ribavirin” which is recommended for all genotypes of HCV infection.Treatment response in Chronic Hepatitis-C is affected both by viral and human factors. Weconducted this study “to evaluate the effect of human factor like (IL28B-rs12979860 non-CC)genotyping in response to Sofosbuvir based dual therapy in Hepatitis-C Genotype-3a infection”in population of Khyber PukhtoonKhwa (KPK). Setting: This open labeled, multi-center studywas conducted in Peshawar-Khyber PukhtoonKhwa (KPK). Period: March-2016 to August-2016.Method: Total of 70patients were enrolled. After doing “PCR for HCV-RNA-Viral level, Viral-Genotyping and Human genotyping for IL-28B, patients were put on Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for24-weeks”. Patients were assigned into two groups (1:1), “having 35 in each, including group-Aas those having favorable CC (IL28B- rs12979860-CC) genotyping and group-B as thosehaving unfavorable non-CC (IL28B-rs12979860-non-CC) genotyping”. The primary end pointwas “Sustained Virological response12 (SVR12), which is HCV-RNA level<40IU/ml at 12-weeksafter completion of therapy in these two groups”. Results: Among 70-patients, male-femaleratio was 57.15% (n=40) and 42.85% (n=30) respectively. Each group has 35-cases. Rate ofSVR12 was 88.57% (n=31/35) in group-A, 91.42% (n=32/35) in group-B, having P-value<05.Conclusion: This study confirm that “unlike interferon, unfavorable non-CC (IL28B-rs12979860-non-CC) genotyping have no or minimal role in treatment response to Sofosbuvir in Hepatitis-Cgenotype-3a infections”.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Whatsapp as a Teaching Learning Tool for Problem Based Learning in Pharmacology: A Quasi-experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parama Sengupta ◽  
Tania Sur
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Teaching Learning

Introduction: Instant Messaging Applications (IMAs) like Whatsapp has changed our lives including medical education in many ways. Aim: To explore and compare the effectiveness and acceptability of Whatsapp as a Teaching Learning (TL) tool for Small Group Learning (SGL) sessions when compared with traditional classroom based learning SGL sessions, for a specific topic (pharmacokinetics) in Pharmacology in Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a tertiary care government medical college in Eastern India on second phase Bachelors of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in the year 2021 over a period of five weeks (from March to April 2021). After Didactic Lecture (DL) on the topic, the willing students were randomly divided into two groups, group A (n=46) and group B (n=45). Then group A and group B students attended classroom based and Whatsapp based SGL sessions, respectively, for a period of five consecutive days on "Pharmacokinetics" using PBL method. Students appeared for a Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) based examination (predecided and prevalidated) of 30 marks before and after the SGL sessions. Next, group A students attended Whatsapp based PBL session on the same topic in the same manner as group B and vice-versa. Finally the students filled in a feedback form using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The post-test scores for both the groups were significantly better compared to the pretest scores; however, there were no significant differences in the post-test scores of both the groups. Regarding students’ feedback on the type of SGL, except for enjoyment (p-value=0.0345) and interactiveness (p-value=0.022), there were no significant differences between the two group scores. The students significantly preferred combination of both types of SGL to either of them (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, Whatsapp based SGL showed comparable effectiveness as classroom based SGL as measured in terms of MCQ based examination scores. Except for interactiveness and interest, classroom based SGL was equally acceptable to the students as Whatsapp based SGL. Interestingly, the students preferred a combination of both the type of SGL to either of them on the particular topic of Pharmacology.

scholarly journals MODERATE PERSISTENT ASTHMA IN CHILDREN;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 704-716
Author(s):  
Aqdas Saqib ◽  
Saqib Ismail ◽  
Saadia Yasir
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Paediatric Department ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of inhaledbeclomethasone with oral montelukast in long term management of moderate persistent asthmain children. Design: Quasi experimental study. Period: 6 months, from July 20,2007 to January20, 2008. Settings: Out patient paediatric department at Fauji Foundation hospital, Rawalpindi.Material and Methods: 8o children between 5-12yrs of age presenting with moderate persistentasthma, divided in two groups of 40 each. Group A treated with beclomethasone inhaler whileGroup B was started on oral montelukast. Drugs effect was recorded on a 2 wkly proforma for 8weeks. Results: There were 54(67.5%) male and 26(33%) female. Most common triggeringfactor seen in 54(67.5%) patients was recent history of respiratory tract infection, exposure tocarpet dust in 43(53.75%), cigarette smoke in 42(52.5%),recent psychological stress in 28(35%) ,pollen allergy in 26 (32.5%) , pets exposure in 8 (10%) and to mite was noticed in 5(6.25%)children. Marked improvement was observed in day time cough in group A with 10(25%) patientsbeing free of cough with inhaler, while 20(50%) showed mild intermittent symptoms. 1(2.5%)showed mild persistent symptoms. In Group B 3(7.5%) patients were symptom free,23(57.5%)with mild intermittent and 4(10%) with mild persistant symptoms while 6(15%)continued to have moderate persistent symptoms. P value was 0.01. Regarding day timebreathlessness, P value was significant of 0.258. Similarly marked improvement was observed innight symptoms of breathlessness, cough and sleeplessness in both groups. P value was lessthan 0.05 in majority of the variables showing statistically significant improvement with inhaledbeclomethasone than with oral montelukast. Conclusions: Inhaled beclom

What to Choose for Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon Monofilament or 8/0 Virgin Silk?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erum Shahid ◽  
Uzma Fasih ◽  
Arshad Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
P Value ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Laser Trabeculoplasty ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber ◽  
Group B

Purpose:  To compare between 10/0 nylon monofilament and 8/0 virgin silk for conventional trabeculectomy in terms of rate of complications and bleb morphology. Study Design:  Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study:  Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from January 2017 to December 2018. Methods:  Thirty six patients who underwent conventional trabeculectomy with 6 months follow-up were included. Trabeculectomy for congenital, neovascular, traumatic glaucoma, revised surgery and laser trabeculoplasty were excluded. In group A, scleral flap and conjunctiva were closed with 8/0 virgin silk and in group B, 10/0 nylon monofilament was used. Main outcome measure was complications. Results:  Group A had 13 (36%) and group B had 23 (63.9%) patients. Mean age was 55.5 ± 10.69. Pre-operative Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 33.4 ± 6.3 and 33.5 ± 12 mm Hg in group A & B respectively. Postoperatively at 3rd month IOP was 16.8 in group A and 15.0 in group B (p = 0.24).Shallow Anterior chamber was in 53% (n = 7) patients with 8/0 silk and 13% (n = 3) patients with 10/0 nylon with p value of < 0.05. Seidel test was positive in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A (p < 0.01). Re-suturing was done in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A with a p-value (p < 0.01). Conclusion:  Shallow anterior chamber, wound leak with positive seidel test and additional intervention for re-suturing were more common in group A than group B. Diffuse blebs were frequently seen with both suture materials. Suture material does not affect final intra ocular pressure and success of trabeculectomy. Key Words:  Bleb, Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon, 8/0 silk.

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