scholarly journals Hypoglycemia in Newborns with risk factors of hypoglycemia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ejaz Mazari ◽  
Fazal ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Pediatric Medicine ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: Hypoglycemia is a matter of great concern especially in newborns. Its prevalence varies globally as different protocols and feeding policies exist. We aimed this study to find out the incidence of hypoglycemia in newborns with risk factors of hypoglycemia. Study Design: Observational study Setting: Pediatric Medicine Unit-2, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: From 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 342 babies born with risk factors for hypoglycemia fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for this study. Screening for hypoglycemia was performed prior to feeding at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of life. Results: Out of a total of 342 newborns with risk factors, 109 (31.9%) were found to have hypoglycemia. Amongst these newborns, 99 (28.9%) and 10 (2.9%) newborns had asymptomatic and symptomatic hypoglycemia respectively. Among these 109 newborns, majority were male 56 (51.4%), 70 (64.2%) with gestational age more than 37 weeks, 66 (60.6%) with birth weight more than 2500 grams and 62 (56.9%) small for gestational age (SGA). Amongst newborns who developed at least 1 hypoglycemia episode, 52 (47.7%) were at 2 hours of life, 31 (28.4%) at 6 hours whereas no hypoglycemia episode recorded beyond 24 hours of life. Conclusions: Screening for hypoglycemia should always be performed in babies who had risk factors of hypoglycemia especially within 24 hours of life. As per our study blood glucose screening should be mandatory in all newborns who are SGA.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight in Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Grown Periviable Neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (08) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Katherine Himes ◽  
Adriane Haragan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Absolute Percentage Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Objective Clinicians use estimated fetal weight (EFW) as a proxy for birth weight (BW) in the antenatal period. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of EFW obtained by ultrasound to BW among infants born during the periviable period and determine if accuracy of EFW varied among small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) grown neonates. Study Design We included women who delivered between 230/7 and 256/7 weeks' gestation and had an EFW within 7 days of delivery. Mean percentage difference and median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW were calculated. Results Our cohort included 226 neonates with a mean gestational age of 241/7 ± 0.8 weeks and median BW of 653 g (interquartile range [IQR]: 580–750 g). The median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW of fetal weight estimates was 9.2% (IQR: 3.6–17.2). EFW overestimated BW for 75% (n = 171) of the cohort. Among SGA infants, the mean percentage difference in EFW and BW was 16.2 ± 19.4% versus 6.9% ± 13.1% in AGA infants (p = 0.019). Conclusion EFW overestimated BW in this cohort. In addition, ultrasound was less accurate among infants born SGA. These data are important to consider when counseling families facing periviable delivery.

INCIDENCE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN EXCLUSIVELY BREASTFED HIGH-RISK NEWBORNS

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Nikki Kumari ◽  
Binod Kumar Singh ◽  
Md. Athar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the commonest metabolic complications seen during neonatal period. In healthy newborns low blood glucose may not have much signicance and merely reect normal metabolic adaptation to extra-uterine life. However, in high-risk newborns, prolonged and/or recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia may negatively affect neurological and developmental prognosis. The incidence of hypoglycemia varies worldwide depending upon the blood sugar measurement protocols and feeding policies. There is paucity of data on incidence of hypoglycemia in institutions where exclusive breastfeeding is followed. Aims and Objectives: To determine the incidence and associated risk factors of hypoglycemia in rst 72 hours of life among exclusively breastfed healthy high-risk newborns.Study Design: Observational study Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital Patna, Bihar, India. Period: From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019. Material & Methods: The Observational study enrolled 560 exclusively breastfed high-risk newborns (infant of diabetic mother (IGDM/IDM), large-for-gestation (birth weight >90th percentile), small-for-gestation (birth weight <10th percentile), low birth weight (>1800 to <2500 grams) and late preterm), who did not require admission to neonatal intensive care unit and were kept in postnatal wards with mother. Babies on formula or pre-lacteal feed, major congenital malformations and admitted in NICU for other reasons were excluded from the study. Hypoglycemia screening was done at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life, prior to feeding. Hypoglycemia was dened as blood glucose ≤40 mg/dL(2.2 mmol/L). Blood glucose was estimated from heel prick capillary samples using glucometer. Association of both maternal and neonatal risk factors was studied in relation to hypoglycemia. Result: Incidence of hypoglycemia in high-risk newborns was 27.1%. Incidence was signicantly higher in pre-term, low birth weight, Small-for-gestation age babies delivered to mothers with BMI >30 kg/m2, born through caesarean section. Conclusion: in high-risk exclusively breast fed neonates blood glucose level should be regularly monitored for at least 1st 72 hours of life with special attention to 1st 24 hours.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Among Babies Delivered at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Pawana Kayastha ◽  
Sunil Raja Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies

Introduction: Low birth weight is directly related to both immediate and long term development and wellbeing of a person. There are numerous maternal and foetal factors contributing to low birth weight. The mortality and morbidity of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. Methods: 207 low birth weight live newborn babies regardless of gestational age born in a tertiary level teaching institute from September 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled as cases and same number of normal birth weight babies (i.e. 2.5 to 4 kgs) as control. Information was obtained directly from mothers using pretested structured questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: The incidence of low birth weight was found to be 9.8%. Mean weight of low birth weight babies was 1.98 kg and mean gestational age was 37.34 weeks. Among low birth weight babies, 47.8% were preterm and 52.2% were term. Out of 119 small for gestational age babies, the frequency of symmetrical small for gestational age was 45.3% and asymmetrical small for gestational age was 54.6%. There was significant association of low birth weight with multiple maternal factors like maternal age, education, weight, height, weight gain during pregnancy, ANC visits, parity, antepartum haemorrhage, previous abortion/low birth weight, birth spacing, tobacco/alcohol intake and haemoglobin. Conclusions: Prevalence of low birth weight is likely to be far higher than figure in isolated rural settings of our country. Contribution of SGA is higher than Appropriate for Gestational Age which brings us to a larger burden of long term morbidity and mortality. Various maternal factors are responsible for birth of low birth weight babies.  

Risk Factors for Umbilical Venous Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1490
Author(s):  
Shalu Narang ◽  
Jason Roy ◽  
Timothy P. Stevens ◽  
Meggan Butler-O’Hara ◽  
Craig A. Mullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Catheter Related Thrombosis

Abstract Background: Thrombosis in neonates is a rare but serious occurrence that is usually associated with central catheterization. Among acquired risk factors, thrombocytosis has often been thought to play a role in neonatal thrombosis, but little evidence exists to support this impression. Objectives:To investigate the effects of platelet count on catheter-related thrombosis in neonates.To investigate the effects of being small for gestational age (SGA) on catheter-related thrombosis in neonates. We hypothesized that neonates with catheter-related thrombosis would have relative thrombocytosis and would be SGA. Methods: The present retrospective study was performed using data from a randomized trial of duration of umbilical venous catheters (UVC) placement among infants <1250 g birth weight (Butler-O’Hara, Pediatrics2006;118:e25–e35). In this study, all subjects had UVC that were left in place for up to 28 days. All subjects were screened biweekly for thrombi with echocardiograms. Twenty-two cases of UVC-associated thrombosis were identified in this sample. The remaining study sample (n=188) served as controls. Data on thrombosis, platelets, gestational age, birth weight, hematocrit, serum sodium (as a measure of dehydration), duration of catheter placement, study group assignment and demographic factors were collected using database and record review. Results: Among the total subjects (n=210), 112 (53%) were males and 126 (60%) were Caucasians, with mean gestational age of 27.7 ± 2.1 wks (SD) and mean birth weight of 923 ± 195g. Bivariate analysis revealed significant association of thrombosis with hematocrit >55% in the first wk (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.0–14.6; p=0.0003), being small for gestational age (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–7.4; p=0.02), lower platelet counts in the first wk (193 ± 57 x 103/uL in infants with thrombus vs. 238 ± 70 x 103/uL in infants without thrombus, p=0.005) and gestational age (27.8 ± 2.5 wks in infants with thrombus vs. 27.6 ± 2.0 wks in infants without thrombus, p=0.02). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only higher hematocrit was independently associated with thrombus (OR, 3.9; 95% CI 1.3–12.6; p=0.02). There was a trend towards an independent negative association between platelets and thrombosis (OR, 0.93 per 10 x 103/uL platelet rise; 95% CI, 0.85–1.02; p=0.12). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant, independent association of elevated hematocrit and development of UVC-associated thrombosis. We did not observe an increased risk of thrombosis with increased platelet count. Careful monitoring for catheter-associated thrombosis is suggested for neonates with hematocrit >55% in the first wk of life.

scholarly journals Study of Blood Glucose and Serum Calcium Level in Small For Gestational Age Babies

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Wahiduzzaman Mazumder ◽  
Nazma Begum ◽  
MA Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Born

Background: Incidence of hypoglycemia in small for gestational age (SGA) babies is high. Therefore small for gestational age babies need close biochemical monitoring of blood glucose for early diagnosis and immediate management of hypoglycemia to prevent future neurodevelopmental outcome. Objectives: The study was designed to measure blood glucose and serum calcium level in new born babies with SGA and to compare with normal new born babies. Methodology: This case control study was done in Neonatology Department of BSM Medical University, Dhaka from 01 July to 31 December 2006. Low birth weight newborn babies with birth weight below 10th centile for gestational age were considered as SGA babies whereas babies with gestational age more than 37 completed weeks and weight more than 2500 gm were considered as control group. Results: Thirty two cases and equal number of controls were studied. Among 32 babies with SGA, hypoglycemia was found in 46.9% of cases and 3.1% cases in control group which was statistically significant (P<.05). Incidence of hypoglycemia was more during 0-12 hours (57.9%). Hypocalcaemia developed in 9.4% and 6.3% of SGA and control group respectively and difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was significantly more in small for gestational babies specially during 0-12 hrs of post natal life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i2.14412 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(2):50-52

RISK FACTORS FOR SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS: A STUDY BASED ON THE ARKHANGELSK COUNTY BIRTH REGISTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
A.A. Usynina ◽  
◽  
G.N. Chumakova ◽  
V.A. Postoev ◽  
J.O. Odland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Registry

scholarly journals Risk factors for hip dislocation in dyskinetic cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902110011
Author(s):  
Kyoko Okuno ◽  
Yukihiro Kitai ◽  
Toru Shibata ◽  
Hiroshi Arai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Hip Displacement ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for hip displacement in patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP). Methods: We evaluated 81 patients with DCP, 45 males and 36 females, aged 10–22 years, risk factors for hip displacement were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis with primary brain lesions, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, gestational age, birth weight, Cobb’s angle, and complication of epilepsy as independent factors. Hip displacement was defined as migration percentage >30%. Primary brain lesions were classified into globus pallidus (GP), thalamus and putamen (TP), and others using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Perinatal and clinical features were compared between patients with GP lesions and those with TP lesions. Results: Hip displacement was observed in 53 patients (67%). Higher GMFCS levels (p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR] 2.6) and the presence of GP lesions (p = 0.04, OR 16.5) were independent risk factors for hip displacement. Patients with GP lesions showed significantly higher GMFCS levels, more frequent hip displacement, and lower gestational age and birth weight than those with TP lesions. Conclusion: Primary brain lesion location may be an important factor in predicting hip displacement among patients with DCP. Appropriate risk assessment using brain MRI may contribute to the early detection and intervention of hip displacement because brain lesion location can be assessed during infancy before GMFCS level is decided.

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