scholarly journals Comparison of outcome of salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with ipratropium bromide in acute asthma in children.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107
Author(s):  
Saima Jabeen Joiya ◽  
Muhammad Azam Khan ◽  
Farhan ul Haq ◽  
Zahid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ipratropium Bromide ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Group A ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Objectives: Asthma affects about 15% of children while it is one of the commonest reason for admissions in pediatric emergencies and wards. We aimed this study to determine outcome of Salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium Bromide in acute asthma in children. Study Design: Randomized Controlled trial (RCT). Setting: Unit-II Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan. Period: 20th Nov 2017 to 30th June 2018. Material & Methods: The study consisted of 104 children, with 52 children each in Group ‘A’ and ‘B’ who were subjected to salbutamol alone and salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium bromide respectively. In both groups oxygen was administered via nasal prongs at a flow rate of 3L/minute. These children was monitored at 30 minutes interval for 2 hours (least value out of these 4 values was taken). Both groups were compared for outcome in terms of mean heart rate, respiratory rate, accessory muscle score, peak expiratory flow rate (PERF) percentage and SPO2. Results: Of these 104 study cases, 61 (58.7%) were boys while 43 (41.3%) were girls. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 9.92 ± 3.01 years. Mild level of asthma severity was noted in 35 (33.7%) and moderate severity in 69 (66.3%). Mean heart rate in group A was noted to be 119.40 ± 12.22 and in group was 119.29 ± 8.51 beats per minute. (p=0.956). Mean respiratory rate in group A was 29.98 ± 4.00 while in group B was 27.88 ± 3.85 (p=0.000). Mean accessory muscle score in group  A was 0.537 ± 0.336 while in group B was 0.130 ± 0.030 (p = 0.000). Mean PEFR percentage in group A was 68.69 ± 18.64 while in group B was 87.12 ± 17.10 (p = 0.000). Mean SPO2 in group A was 96.15 ± 1.05 while it was 95.94 ± 1.29 (p = 0.362). Conclusion: Our study results have shown that nebulization of salbutamol in combination with Ipratropium Bromide is more effective in the management of children with acute asthma. It was safe, effective and reliable as there was no adverse side effect noted in our study. We recommend the use of this combination nebulization therapy in children with acute asthma.

463 The Effect of Intervention of Medical Staff on the Adherence of CPAP and Heart Rate in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A182-A183
Author(s):  
Ryutaro Shirahama ◽  
Rie Ishimaru ◽  
Jun Takagiwa ◽  
Yasue Mitsukura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tele Monitoring ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have indicated that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with hypertension. OSA is a common cause of sympathetic nervous activity. Increase of sympathetic nervous activity causes hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most useful treatment for OSAS. Good CPAP adherence treatment improve the risk of hypertension. This study examined the effect of intervention of medical staff on the adherence of CPAP, heart rate and sleep stages in patients with OSA. Methods All patients diagnosed with OSA and undergoing subsequent CPAP were clinically followed for 12 months to examine CPAP adherence, as well as longitudinal changes in blood pressure, average heartrate of 24 hours and sleep stages. They were divided into 2 groups, Group A: patients who had individual consulted in person by sleep physician and technicians before start using CPAP and Group B: patents who did not have individual consulted. Patients in both groups were consulted by sleep physician and technicians after start CPAP with utilizing tele-monitoring. If the adherence were poor, the patients were recommended to stop CPAP. We provided 3D accelerometer and an optical pulse photoplethysmography to all the patients and analyzed the data of heart rate and sleep stages. Results A total of 30 OSA patients underwent CPAP, were enrolled in the study and assessed for changes in mean heart rate and body weight during the study period. We found a significant reduction in mean heart rate in both group A and B compared with baseline (p<-0.05). The patients aged under 50 years old and whose AHI<20 times/hour have higher ratio of dropout CPAP therapy. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B on the persistency rate of CPAP therapy. Also, no significant association was found between group A and B on the adherence of CPAP. Conclusion We showed the importance of the effect of intervention of medical staff on the adherence of CPAP and heart rate in patients with OSA the consultation after starting CPAP for a while with utilizing tele-monitoring data would be more effective compared with that in person before start using CPAP. Support (if any):

COMPARISON OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL ON INTUBATION CONDITIONS DURING AWAKE FIBREOPTIC BRONCHOSCOPIC INTUBATION- A RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLIND STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Asha .A ◽  
E. Arunmozhi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
Ramsay Sedation Score ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

INTRODUCTION:Awake Fibreoptic Intubation is indicated in patients with anticipated diffcult airway, failed tracheal intubation, unstable cervical spine injury.Drugs used for conscious sediation includes Benzodiazepines, opioids, Propofol, either alone or in combination. All these drugs, though results in favourable intubating conditions, may also result in upper airway obstruction, hypoventilation, difcult airway instrumentation and oxygen desaturation. In order to address and overcome these issues, we compared the effects of parenteral dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on favourable conditions during awake breoptic bronchoscopic intubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective,double blind,randomised study. 60 patients belonging to age group 25 to 60 years, ASA PS I & II posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were randomly allocated into two groups, Group A(n=30) received injection dexmedetomidine, Group B(n=30) received injection fentanyl before awake breoptic bronchoscopic intubation. Hemodynamic parameters, cough score, postintubation tolerance score, ramsay sedation score were noted in both groups. The observed datas were analysed by SPSS version 21.0 software. RESULT: Demographic variable such as age,weight,ASA physical status were comparable in both the groups. The mean heart rate at 5mins,10mins after administration of study drug,intubation, 5mins postintubation are 76.73±5.51,73.63±5.99,76.37±8.11 and 75.03±7.94 respectively in Group A.The mean heart rate at 5mins,10mins after administration of study drug,intubation, 5mins postintubation are 78.57±5.04,76.93±5.11,103.30±4.21 and 99.37±4.02 respectively.The mean MAP at 5mins,10 mins after administration of study drug,intubation,5 mins post intubation are 86.80±2.33,85.77 ±2.56,87.83 ±5.73 and 87.30 ± 2.52mmHg respectively in Group A.The mean MAP at 5mins,10mins after administration of study drug,intubation,5 mins post intubation are 87.37±3.58,85.63 ±3.58,107.80 ±2.59 and 105.00 ±2.52 mmHg respectively. The post intubation SpO2 was 97.10 ±1.77 and 93.43± 1.17 % for Group A and Group B respectively.In Group A mean Ramsay sedation score is 2.87± 0.43 and in Group B the mean is 2.13 ±0.35. CONCLUSION:Dexmedetomidine group showed better hemodynamic stability and tolerance to awake endotracheal tube insertion through breoptic bronchoscope.Dexmedetomidine provides favourable intubating conditions during awake breoptic bronchoscope procedures with adequate sedation and without desaturation than fentanyl.

Pulse oximetry and clinical changes during electrosurgery in dogs anaesthetized with Xylazine-Thiopentone and Xylazine-Ketamine combinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raguib Munif ◽  
Md Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Md Rafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clinical Changes

This study was performed to explore the pulse oximetric evaluation of cardio-respiratory systems along with the determination of body temperature in dogs anaesthetized with xylazine-thiopentone (X-T) and xylazine-ketamine (X-K) combinations during electrosurgery. Six apparently healthy dogs weighed 20 to 25 kg undergoing electrosurgery (bipolar), were divided into two groups: group A (X-T) and group B (X-K). In group A (n=3), dogs were anaesthetized with xylazine @ 1.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) as intramuscular (IM) and thiopentone @ 20 mg/kg BW as intravenous (IV) injections, and in group B (n=3), dogs were anaesthetized with xylazine @ 1.1mg/kg BW IM and ketamine @ 5.5 mg/kg BW IM after premedication with atropine sulphate @ 0.05 mg/kg BW IM. Bipolar electrosurgery for gastrotomy or castration was performed in the dogs. Pulse oximetric monitoring and the evaluation of clinical changes: heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were done along with the determination of body temperature before the induction of anaesthesia (control) and thereafter on 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes postinduction in both groups during electrosurgery. Temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were altered significantly (P<0.05) during the experimental period in both groups as compared to the control values. SpO2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05) throughout the experiment and returned to the level of initial control value after complete recovery in both groups. These findings revealed that during electrosurgery in dogs the anaesthetic combinations of X-T and X-K exert certain clinical changes in the vital signs (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and SpO2 which should be carefully considered to take necessary steps for perioperative patient’s safety and recovery. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 97-105, April 2020

scholarly journals A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF HARIDRADI LEHA AND VASADI KASHAYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Rashmi Mutha ◽  
Ajay Kumar Sahu ◽  
Jai Prakash Singh ◽  
Ram Kishor Joshi ◽  
Shankar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
P Value ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lukewarm Water

Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is analogous to Bronchial Asthma due to similarity in causative and precipitating factors, onset, pathogenesis and symptoms. An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths attributed to the disease. The Objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Haridradi Leha with and without Vasadi Kashaya in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. Total 30 patients were registered for the present study. The patients of group A were administered Haridradi Leha in a dose of 20 grams BD (Bis in die i.e., twice daily) in empty stomach orally with lukewarm water for 21 days. The patients of group B were administered Haridradi Leha (20 grams BD) and Vasadi Kashaya (50 ml BD) with Anupana (co-administers with medicine) of honey orally for 21 days. There are highly significant results (p value: p<0.01, p<0.001) in breathlessness, cough, body position, wheezing in a day, wheezing in night, heart rate in both group but quantity of sputum, respiratory rate, use of accessory muscle and mental status shows highly significant result only in Group B. Both groups have highly significant result in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Both the Haridradi Leha and Vasadi Kashaya are highly effective in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. Haridradi Leha along with Vasadi Kashaya provided better relief than Haridradi Leha alone in most of the sign and symptom of the disease at significant level.

scholarly journals Effect of Vertebral Pressure Technique and Intercostal Stretch Technique on Respiratory Rate, Tidal Volume, SpO2 and Heart Rate among Organophosphorus Poisoning Patients: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Abhinav Salve ◽  
Sachin Maghade ◽  
Sneha Katke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Respiratory PNF technique is a proprioceptive and tactile stimulus that alters the depth and rate of breathing. Intercostal stretch enhances the chest wall elevation and increase chest expansion and diaphragm excursion to improve intra-thoracic lung volume which contributes to improvement in flow rate percentage. Vertebral pressure is another respiratory PNF where there is increased epigastric abdominal excursion over T2-T4. Objective: To find out the effect of Vertebral pressure and Intercostal stretch technique on respiratory rate, tidal volume, SpO2 & heart rate among organophosphorus poisoning patients Method: Data was collected from 24 ICU patients who were on mechanical ventilator. Subjects were divided in two groups. Intercostal stretch technique was given to group A and vertebral pressure technique was given to group B, changes HR, RR, SpO2, tidal volume was noted and data analysis was done. Result: There was significant difference between pre intervention and post intervention readings for both the groups A and B at heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 and tidal volume related (p<0.001). It thus proved that respiratory stimulation improves TV, Decrease in RR and HR and increase in SpO2 for both groups. Conclusion: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques are effective in improving HR, RR, lung capacity and Oxygen saturation in patients with OP poisoning. There was significant difference between pre intervention and post intervention readings for both the groups A and B at heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 and tidal volume. Key words: Organophosphorus poisoning, Mechanical ventilator, intercostal stretch, Vertebral pressure, Respiratory PNF.

scholarly journals Audit on the Management of Bronchiolitis: A Single Centre Real World Experience in Bangladesh Can We do Better ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Hamid ◽  
Syed Moosa MA Quaium ◽  
Azizur Rahman ◽  
AT Reza Ahmad ◽  
Shahariar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of children in many countries.Though Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common organism causing bronchiolitis, but antibiotics are used widely.So the aim of the present study is to establish whether antibiotic has any role in bronchiolitis management along with supportive treatment. Methods:This retrospective study included 100 infants and children between 2-24 months of age admitted with clear cut sign symptoms of bronchiolitis. Patients were divided into Group A (supportive + antibiotic Rx) comprised 72 patients and group B (supportive Rx only) comprised 28 patients.After 3-5 days of hospital stay, clinical responses were evaluated in terms of improvement in symptoms and clinical parameters- respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Results: Mean age of patients was 6.6 (±5.6) months in Group A and 6.3 (±4.8) months in Group B. Most of the patients in both study groups were male (M: F=1.6:1). All the cases in both groups presented with cough, running nose, and respiratory distress. Fever and feeding difficulty were present in 83.3% & 90.3% in Group A and 82.1% & 89.3% in Group B respectively. Majority of cases were from lower socioeconomic status and lived in urban area. In Group A, after therapy mean respiratory rate 53.7 (±4.3) and oxygen saturation 97.9 (±1.9) had significantly improved in comparison to respiratory rate 65.6 (±4.8) and oxygen saturation 89.7 (±4.4) before therapy (p=<.001 in all parameter). Heart rate also significantly increased after therapy (149.4 ±10.2 versus 104.5 ±8.7) (p=<.001). In Group B, after therapy mean respiratory rate 53.5 (±4.1) and oxygen saturation 97.8 (±1.7) had also significantly improved in comparison to respiratory rate 65.3 (±4.1) and oxygen saturation 88.8 (±2.8) before therapy (p=<.001 in all parameter). Heart rate also significantly increased after therapy (150.8 ±9.8 versus 105.0 ±6.2) (p=<.001). In comparison between two modalities of treatment, no significant difference was found (p value=>.05 in all parameters). No statistical significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay in two groups. Conclusion: The study highlighted the importance of supportive treatment in bronchiolitis management. Antibiotics should not be used without clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22871 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 6-10

scholarly journals Nebulized epinephrine versus salbutamol for the management of children presenting with bronchiolitis: Single Center Study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2719-2728
Author(s):  
Ana Farooq ◽  
Tehmina Maqbool ◽  
Samia Aslam ◽  
Mydah Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Alam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Nebulized Epinephrine

Objectives: To compare the outcome of nebulized epinephrine versus salbutamol for the management of children presenting with bronchiolitis. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad. Period: 6 month (1st October, 2016 to 1st April, 2017). Material & Methods: Children fulfilled selection criteria were enrolled. Then patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method. In Group A, children received salbutamol. In group B, children received nebulized adrenaline. After 48 hours, children were evaluated for heart rate, respiratory rates, oxygen saturation and Respiratory Distress Assessment Index (RDAI) score. All the information was collected using proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of children was 10.45±6.70 months in epinephrine group and13.07±6.28 months in salbutamol group. There were 29 (52.7%) males & 26 (47.3%) females in both groups. After 48 hours, mean heart rate was 122.58±4.75bpm with epinephrine while 127.87±4.4.44bpm with salbutamol. Mean respiratory rate was 35.16±3.29bpm with epinephrine while 39.84±3.32bpm with salbutamol. Mean RDAI score was 8.35±1.36 with epinephrine while 10.07±1.37 with salbutamol. Mean oxygen saturation was 85.24±2.74% with epinephrine while 80.38±3.26% with salbutamol. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thus the nebulized epinephrine was found to be more effective in maintaining heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and RDAI score of children as compared to salbutamol.

scholarly journals Effect of Pregabalin Use as Preemptive Analgesia after Abdominal Hysterectomy on Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Kazi Nur Asfia ◽  
Moinul Hossain ◽  
AKM Aktaruzzaman ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Preemptive Analgesia ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Background: Effect of pregabalin on heart rate and arterial pressure is important in its use as preemptive analgesia. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin use as preemptive analgesia after abdominal hysterectomy on heart rate and arterial pressure.Methodology: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2012 for a period of two years. Women aged between 40-60 years scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy under sub-arachnoid block were selected as study population for this study. A total of one hundred and twenty women meeting the above mentioned criteria were randomly allocated into two equal groups by card sampling. 120 cards, 60 for each group were prepared by another person who was not aware of the study. Group A was known as study group who were received 300mg oral pregnabin one hour before performance of SAB and group B was known as control group who were received matching placebo one hour before SAB. The patients were examined preoperatively and preoperative baseline parameters including heart rate, mean arterial pressure were recorded immediately before sub-arachnoid block (SAB). Patients were visited by the investigators at ½, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after operation. In each visit, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured and were recorded. Result: The present study was conducted on 120 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Of them, 60 received preemptive single oral doses (300mg) Pregabalin (Group A) and the rest 60 received matching placebos (Group B) 1hr before surgery. The mean heart rate with SD before SAB was 79.4±4.7 and 90.5±5.7 in group A and B respectively (p=0.011). After 24 hours of operation the mean heart rate with SD was 73±5 and 85±4 in group A and B respectively (p= 0.043). The mean arterial pressure with SD before SAB was 94.3±5.3 and 95.8±20.4 in group A and B respectively (p=0.569). After 24 hours of operation the mean arterial pressure with SD was 89.4±4.45 and 96.1±2.56 in group A and B respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion the mean heart rate and arterial pressure are statistically significantly changes in the women after abdominal hysterectomy to whom pregabalin is used as preemptive analgesia. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): 98-102

scholarly journals The new trending pain-free cesarean section: TAP block versus IV PCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sondos M. Salem ◽  
Mazen Abdel-Rasheed ◽  
Mohammad A. Gouda ◽  
Sameh Salama
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Women's pain satisfaction post-cesarean section remains a challenge. Accurate assessment of pain severity of post-cesarean section helps to choose the most appropriate anesthetic approach, drug, and dose, as well as improvement of treatment of postoperative pain. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-assisted transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in the first 24 h postoperative in women who underwent cesarean section. The primary outcome was postoperative pain at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. The secondary outcomes were intestinal mobility, early mobilization, nausea, vomiting, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Results A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 70 women who are planned for elective cesarean section. They were divided into 2 groups; “group A” (n = 35), women who received TAP block, and “group B” (n = 35), those who received PCA. Pain score, heart rate, respiratory rate, intestinal motility, nausea, and vomiting have been assessed 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. The degree of pain was significantly lower in “group B” than in “group A” in all time intervals (p < 0.001). Heart rate was significantly higher in women in “group B” compared to those in “group A” only at 2 and 4 h postoperative (p < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting were also significantly higher in women in “group B” compared to those in “group A” (p value 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Regarding intestinal motility, it was audible in “group A” earlier than in “group B.” Conclusions Both TAP block and PCA are effective in postoperative pain relief after cesarean section; however, PCA is more superior, especially for visceral pain. Nevertheless, TAP block has the privilege of avoiding systemic action of opioids used in PCA. PCA can easily be applied while TAP block needs more training and an intraoperative ultrasound machine. Complications and side effects of both were minimal when adjusting the doses.

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

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