scholarly journals Huge complex mediastinal mass presenting as a rare variant of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271-2278
Author(s):  
Hira Pervez ◽  
Salwa Pervez ◽  
Soomro Niaz ◽  
Saima Imam
Keyword(s):  
Rare Variant ◽  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors

The mediastinum is the space that separates the lungs from the rest of the chest. The most common mediastinal masses are neurogenic tumors (20% of mediastinal tumors), followed by thymoma (15-20%). Other masses include lymphoma, pheochromocytoma, germ cell tumors, including teratoma, thyroid tissue, and parathyroid lesions. Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells also known lymphoblasts. World Health Organization (WHO) classification has unified these entities as precursor B-cell and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. We present here a rare variant of non-Hodgkins lymphoma in a 12-year-old female who complained of worsening dyspnea and lower left-sided chest pain. The patient was empirically treated with anti-tuberculous drugs without relief. On admission, a CT scan chest showed an anterior mediastinal mass approximately 25x12.5 cm adherent to the mediastinal structures. Resection of the mass was done sparing the phrenic nerve. The sample was sent for histopathology which suggested small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and positive tumor markers. Rare occurrence of this ailment can lead to mistakes with the diagnosis.  Therefore the uniqueness of our case lies in the fact that a T-LBL can present with such a huge mass.

Concurrent thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in an anterior mediastinal mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (9) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Ito ◽  
Akihiko Yoshida ◽  
Akiko Miyagi Maeshima ◽  
Kazuo Nakagawa ◽  
Shun-ichi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass

scholarly journals Computerized tomography of mediastinal tumors

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
D.U. Nenezic ◽  
R. Stevic
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Posterior Mediastinum ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Pericardial Cysts

Tumors of the mediastinum represent a very heterogeneous group of primary and metastatic tumors. Most tumors of the mediastinum are detected on chest radiography, but for more precise view additional imaging methods are necessary. The most common causes of tumor mass in anterior mediastinum are thymoma, germ cell tumors, retrosternal goitre and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the middle mediastinum most commonly tumors are congenital cysts, such as bronhogenic and pericardial cysts, and enlarged lymph nodes, while in the posterior mediastinum dominantly present neurogenic tumors. Complex anatomy of mediastinum infrequently makes difficulties in radiological diagnosis of these tumors. Computerized tomography (CT) is a radiological method of choice in the diagnosis of primary and / or secondary mediastinal lesions. Localization and structure of the tumor masses are very important for diagnosis. Knowledge of anatomy, with the standard topographic divisions on the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum is necessary prerequisite for a valid CT diagnostic. Lesions in all parts of the mediastinum are systematically presented from the aspect of practical recommendations, with a view of the typical pathological findings.

scholarly journals A case report on incidental finding of thymoma as anterior mediastinal mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Nithin K. T. ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
P. Prasanth
Keyword(s):  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Mediastinal Widening ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

Thymomas are rare tumors in the anterior mediastinum, representing 50% of anterior mediastinal masses and about 20-30% of all mediastinal tumors. They are of unknown etiology; about 50% of patients with thymomas are diagnosed incidentally with chest radiography. Thymoma is classified into different stages, which determine the prognosis and type of management, the standard primary treatment for these tumors is Thymectomy. We present a case of 55-year female presented with shortness of breath, cough with expectoration and fever for past ten days. Chest x-ray revealed mediastinal widening. CECT chest showed a well-circumscribed heterogeneous solid enhancing mass lesion. FNAC was planned that showed features in favour of thymoma. Biopsy was done that confirmed lymphocyte rich type B thymoma.

scholarly journals Anterior Mediastinal Mass: A Rare Presentation of Thyroid Mass Compressing Mediastinal Structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Humaid O Al-shamsi ◽  
◽  
Abdul Rahim Suhaili ◽  
Sadir Alrawi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Site

Background: Anterior mediastinum is a very rare site of ectopic thyroid and such cases are usually identified incidentally by radiography. Case presentation: We report a case of a 46 year old Indian female was operated for a mass located in the anterior mediastinum. Diagnosis of thyroid tissue was confirmed by Histopathology section and the mass was resected totally. She died after a month due to multiple complications. Introduction: The anterior mediastinal space is almost a virtual space. However, the multiplicity of the structures it contains and the diversity of disease processes affecting them make it a region of great clinical interest. The anterior mediastinal compartment (also referred to as the anterosuperior compartment) is anterior to the pericardium and includes lymphatic tissue, the thymus, the extra pericardial aorta and its branches. The great veins masses in the anterior compartment are more likely to be malignant than those found in the other mediastinal compartments. Mediastinal masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. However, they represent a challenging and urgent diagnostic problem because the differential diagnoses range from absolutely benign to a highly malignant condition. Any delay in diagnosis may be fatal. The common anterior masses include thymoma, lymphoma, and germ cell tumours Ectopic mediastinal thyroid is a rare clinical entity [1]. It comprises some 1% of all mediastinal tumors. And because of silent clinical findings, it is difficult to diagnose clinically. Therefore, they remain asymptomatic for many years, until the mass becomes larger in size. The purpose of this paper was to report this case of ectopic thyroid because of its rarity.

scholarly journals A 26-Year-Old Man With A Mediastinal Mass

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Mahbub Ahsan ◽  
Md Lutfar Rahman ◽  
ASM Shariful Islam ◽  
Prokash Chandra Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Posterior Mediastinal ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Mediastinal tumors are slow growing tumors of rare entity. They usually affect middle aged people ranging from 30-50 years. When they grow, may compress surrounding structures and produce symptoms such as cough, chest pain, chest tightness and respiratory distress. The most common anterior mediastinal masses are thymoma and lymphoma. Posterior mediastinal tumors are mainly neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnosis depends upon proper clinical history, X-ray chest, CT scan and if necessary CT guided FNAC. Sometimes hormonal tests such as -hCG and AFP may be needed for Germ cell tumors. Treatment is usually by wide surgical excision and biopsy followed by chemo or radiotherapy. Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma are usually treated by chemotherapy. For proper management, widespread suspicion and diagnostic facilities should be available before the start of treatment. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-3, October 2020, Page 161-163

Anterior Mediastinal Paraganglioma Mimicking Thymoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Hee Moon Lee ◽  
Dong Seop Jeong ◽  
Pyo Won Park ◽  
Wook Sung Kim ◽  
Kiick Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Arterial Reconstruction ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mediastinal Paraganglioma

A 54-year-old man was referred to our institution with hemoptysis and hoarseness of 1 year's duration. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed an anterior mediastinal mass (2.5 cm x 1.0 cm), which was diagnosed as thymoma. The tumor was resected under a sternotomy. The tumor had invaded the anterior wall of the ascending aorta. With the patient under cardiopulmonary bypass, the aortic wall invaded by the mass was resected, and arterial reconstruction was performed with patch material. The tumor was revealed to be a tumor of neuronal origin. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 9. One year after the operation, a follow-up chest CT evaluation showed no specific complications or recurrence.

scholarly journals A Case of Malignant Melanoma Arising in Mediastinal Malignant Teratoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Yumi Tone ◽  
Junko Yamanaka ◽  
Hideko Uryu ◽  
Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Malignant Teratoma ◽  
Experienced Pain

We report about a 14-year-old boy who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass that was diagnosed as malignant teratoma. Surgical resection was performed along with pre- and postoperative chemotherapy. Although elevated alpha-fetoprotein became negative, he experienced pain in his right hip joint 3 months after resection. Systematic evaluation revealed multiple locations of metastasis, and the pathological diagnosis based on bone biopsy was malignant melanoma originating from malignant teratoma, which rapidly progressed. He died 15 months after diagnosis of the original malignant teratoma. Diagnosing and treating malignant transformation of teratoma, including malignant melanoma, is difficult because it is very rare. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of malignant melanoma arising from a mediastinum malignant teratoma, with both cases having a poor prognosis. In addition to the follow-up of tumor markers, systematic evaluation, including imaging, should be considered even after remission to monitor malignant transformation of teratoma. We expect to establish a successful therapy and improve mortality rate after more such cases are accumulated.

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