scholarly journals Germinación y vigor de semillas de especies hortícolas inoculadas con biofertilizantes y soluciones salinas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208
Author(s):  
Santiago Ruiz Ramirez ◽  
Roberto Sánchez-Lucio ◽  
Lily X. Zelaya-Molina ◽  
Ismael Fernando Chávez-Díaz ◽  
Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, en las instalaciones del Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco. Se utilizaron semillas de especies hortícolas (chile chilaca, melón y pepino) inoculadas con biofertilizantes (Azospirillum brasilenses y Glomus intraradices) y sometidas a diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de potasio (KCl). El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de los biofertilizantes y KCl, en la germinación y vigor en semillas de especies hortícolas. Los tratamientos evaluados bajo condiciones de laboratorio fueron mediante la inoculación de biofertilizantes, combinación de biofertilizantes más solución salina en diferentes concentraciones, tratamiento químico y testigo absoluto, lo anterior para observar el efecto fisiológico en las semillas mediante las variables evaluadas: germinación estándar, longitud media de plúmula, vigor y peso seco. La información obtenida de cada una de las variables se analizó mediante un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial y con cuatro repeticiones, siendo la unidad experimental los tacos (sustrato entre papel). Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos y variables, esto debido a los resultados por inoculación de biofertilizantes en combinación con las concentraciones salinas, promovieron fisiológicamente las especies hortícolas en estudio siendo tratamientos T7 y T8, con mejor respuesta con respecto al testigo absoluto; es decir, tienen un efecto positivo en germinación y vigor en las especies estudiadas.

Sustainable Production of Honeydew and Muskmelon in Western Mexico

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 495d-495
Author(s):  
J. Farias-Larios ◽  
A. Michel-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
First Results ◽  
Legume Cover Crop ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Research Show

In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.

Influence of Selected Endomycorrhizae from the Sonoran Desert and Glomus intraradices on Growth Response and Gas Exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501d-501
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Egilla ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Six endomycorrhiza isolates from the Sonoran Desert of Mexico [Desert-14(18)1, 15(9)1, 15(15)1, Palo Fierro, Sonoran, and G. geosporum] were evaluated with a pure isolate of Glomus intraradices for their effect on the growth and gas exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun under low phosphorus fertility (11 mg P/L). Rooted cuttings of Hibiscus plants were inoculated with the seven mycorrhiza isolates and grown for 122 days. Gas exchange measurements were made on days 26, 88, and 122 after inoculation, and plants were harvested on day 123 for growth analysis. Plants inoculated with the seven isolates had 70% to 80% root colonization at harvest. Plants inoculated with G. intraradices had significantly higher leaf, shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf DM/area (P ≤ 0.05) than those inoculated with any of the six isolates, and greater leaf area (LA) than Desert-15(9)1 and 15(15)1. Uninoculated plants had significantly lower leaf, shoot, root DM, leaf DM/area and LA (P ≤ 0.05) than the inoculated plants. There were no differences among the seven isolates in any of the gas exchange parameters measured [photosynthesis (A) stomatal conductance (gs), the ratio of intercellular to external CO2 (ci/ca), A to transpiration (E) ratio (A/E)]. The relationship between inoculated and uninoculated plants in these gas exchange parameters were variable on day 122 after inoculation.

scholarly journals Associação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e cultivares micropropagadas de antúrio

Bragantia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Cesare Stancato ◽  
Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
De Se ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum

Para a formação de mudas, plântulas micropropagadas de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum) são submetidas a uma das etapas mais críticas na cultura de tecidos de plantas que é a da aclimatização. Uma forma de se estimular a autotrofia pode ser o estabelecimento da associação de fungos micorrízicos e as raízes das plântulas de antúrio. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da associação micorrízica em plântulas de antúrio, foi realizado um experimento, em casa de vegetação, empregando-se as cultivares IAC Astral, IAC Eidibel, IAC Juréia, IAC Luau, IAC Netuno e IAC Ômega e os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum e Acaulospora sp., em substrato orgânico, na fase de aclimatização das plântulas micropropagadas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que houve resposta das cultivares de antúrio à micorrização, em termos de produção de matéria seca, e que a eficiência simbiótica variou com a cultivar e o fungo micorrízico associado.

scholarly journals Dependência micorrízica de Araucaria Angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. sob doses de fósforo

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moreira-Souza ◽  
E. J. B. N. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Gigaspora Rosea

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a dependência micorrízica de plantas de Araucaria angustifolia, sob diferentes doses de P, e acompanhar o desenvolvimento do hospedeiro e do endófito após a inoculação. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo: três espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) (Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora rosea e uma mistura de FMAs nativos, provenientes de mata de araucária em Campos do Jordão, no estado de São Paulo, e um controle sem FMA, com quatro doses de P no substrato (0, 20, 50 e 150 mg kg-1 de P na forma de KH2PO4), com cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz, a taxa de colonização radicular, o número de esporos no solo e os teores de nutrientes presentes na parte aérea da planta. Concluiu-se que a Araucaria angustifolia é planta micotrófica e tem dependência micorrízica até a dose de 150 mg kg-1 de P, sendo a taxa de colonização radicular e esporulação variáveis com a espécie de FMA. A espécie Gigaspora rosea é indicada para baixos teores de P no solo e Glomus intraradices para teores mais elevados, enquanto os FMAs nativos são benéficos ao crescimento da araucária em qualquer teor de P. Independentemente da espécie de FMA, as plantas micorrizadas apresentaram maiores concentrações de P e menores de N e K que as não micorrizadas.

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots ofPoncirus trifoliataandCitrus reticulataBased on SSU rDNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Hyphal Length

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliataL. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticulataBlanco) were analyzed based on small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes. Morphological observation showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, spore density, and hyphal length did not differ significantly between two rootstocks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 173 screened AMF sequences clustered in at least 10 discrete groups (GLO1~GLO10), all belonging to the genus ofGlomusSensu Lato. Among them, GLO1 clade (clustering with uncultured Glomus) accounting for 54.43% clones was the most common in trifoliate orange roots, while GLO6 clade (clustering withGlomus intraradices) accounting for 35.00% clones was the most common in red tangerine roots. Although, Shannon-Wiener indices exhibited no notable differences between both rootstocks, relative proportions of observed clades analysis revealed that composition of AMF communities colonizing two rootstocks varied severely. The results indicated that native AMF species in citrus rhizosphere had diverse colonization potential between two different rootstocks in the present orchards.

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
J N Gemma ◽  
R E Koske ◽  
E M Roberts ◽  
S Hester
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

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