Warming promotes growth of seedlings of a woody encroacher in grassland dominated by C4 species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lusanda Ncisana ◽  
Ntuthuko R Mkhize ◽  
Peter F Scogings
Keyword(s):  
C4 Species ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Germination and initial growth of triticale seeds under stationary magnetic fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Florez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Victoria Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of 125 mT and 250mT magnetic treatment on the germination and initial growth of triticale seeds. This objective has a practical application in agriculture science: early growth of triticale. An increase in the percentage and rate of germination of seeds and a stimulation of growth of seedlings as positive response to magnetic field treatment in rice, wheat, maize and barley seeds have been found in previous studies. Germination tests were carried out under laboratory conditions by exposing triticale seeds to magnetic field for different times. The effect was studied by exposure of seeds prior sowing. The mean germination time were reduced for all the magnetic treatments applied. Most significant differences were obtained for time of exposure of 1 and 24 hours and maximum reductions was 12%. Furthermore, seedlings from magnetically treated seeds grew taller than control. The longest mean total length was obtained from seedlings exposed to 125 and 250 mT for 24 hours. External magnetic fields are assumed to enhance seed vigor by influencing the biochemical processes by stimulating activity of proteins and enzymes. Numerous studies suggested that magnetic field increases ions uptake and consequently improves nutrition value.

Effects of salinity stress on seed germination and root growth of seedlings in island cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Qing-Qing YAN ◽  
Ju-Song ZHANG ◽  
Xing-Xing LI ◽  
Yan-Ti WANG
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

Tissue tolerance mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance in a halophytic perennial species Nitraria sibirica Pall.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Tang ◽  
Huilong Zhang ◽  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Huanyong Li ◽  
Xiuyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Nitraria Sibirica ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Plant salt tolerance relies on a coordinated functioning of different tissues and organs. Salinity tissue tolerance is one of the key traits that confers plant adaptation to saline environment. This trait implies maintenance low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio in metabolically active cellular compartments. In this study, we used Nitraria sibirica Pall., a perennial woody halophytes species, to understand the mechanistic basis of its salinity tissue tolerance. The results showed that the growth of seedlings was stimulated by 100-200 mM NaCl treatment. The ions distribution analysis showed that the leaves acted as Na+ sink while plant root possess superior K+ retention. The excessive Na+ absorbed from soil was mainly transported to the shoot and eventually sequestrated into mesophyll vacuoles in the leaves. As a result, N. sibirica could keep optimal balance of K+/Na+ at a tissue- and cell-specific level under saline condition. To enable this, N. sibirica increased both vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase enzymes activities and up-regulated expressions of NsVHA, NsVP1 and NsNHX1 genes. Vacuolar Na+ sequestration in the leaf mesophyll mediated by NsVHA, NsVP1 and NsNHX1 reduced the Na+ concentration in cytosol and inhibited further K+ loss. Meanwhile, N.sibirica enhanced the TPK expression at the transcriptional level to promote K+ efflux from vacuole into cytoplasm, assisting in maintaining cytosolic K+ homeostasis. It is concluded that the tissue tolerance traits such as vacuolar Na+ sequestration and intracellular K+ homeostasis is critical to confer adaptation of N. sibirica to soil salinity.

Soil fungal networks moderate density‐dependent survival and growth of seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minxia Liang ◽  
Liuqing Shi ◽  
David F. R. P. Burslem ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Miao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependent ◽  
Moderate Density ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

DEVELOPMENT OF A WHITE PINE UNDERPLANTATION IN THINNED AND UNTHINNED ASPEN

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Clements
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

In 1936, part of a dense 12-year-old aspen sucker stand was thinned. In the following year thinned and unthinned portions of the stand were underplanted with 2-2 white pine stock.By 1950, most seedlings were still small and slow-growing. Mortality among these individuals was high in the following 10 years but mortality was fairly light among seedlings of taller height classes. Height growth of seedlings continued to be poor so long as the crowns were below the shrub layer.White pine planted beneath young aspen stands require care at least until they are about 4 feet tall, especially on moist sites. The underbrush must be controlled, otherwise excessively high mortality and poor growth of the survivors will result.

Early seedling development in relation to seed mass and morph in Cakile edentula

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Early Seedling Development ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Cakile edentula produces dimorphic seeds from the upper and lower fruit segments. The upper seeds are well adapted to long-distance dispersal and have greater mean seed mass and surface area than those from the lower seeds. Great mean mass of the upper seeds is probably adaptive because it ensured early independent growth of seedlings and thus enhanced their chances of surviving environmental stresses. Large seed reserves also resulted in high chlorophyll content of the cotyledons. Large seed surface area resulted in large cotyledon area and cotyledon area to biomass ratio of the subsequent seedlings, but the adaptive advantage is not clear. Since increased seed surface area necessitates great protective tissues (fruit coat) that may improve the buoyant ability of seeds, large seed surface area of the upper seeds may be a result of selection for dispersal. Key words: seed mass, seed dimorphism, establishment, sand dune, selection, Cakile edentula.

Rates of Photosynthesis Relative to Activity of Photosynthetic Enzymes, Chlorophyll and Soluble Protein Content Among Ten C4 Species

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Usuda ◽  
MSB Ku ◽  
GE Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
High Light ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
High Degree

Among 10 C4 species having a wide range in photosynthetic activity, the rates of photosynthesis/leaf area under high light were examined and compared with the chlorophyll and soluble protein content and the activities of several photosynthetic enzymes. The species examined were Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Microstegium vimineum, Panicum capillare, Panicum miliaceum, Paspalum dilatatum, Paspalum notatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Setaria lutescens, and Zea mays. The photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area ranged from 10 to 38 �mol CO2 fixed m-2 s-1. Among the 10 species there was a high degree of correlation of rate of photosynthesis/leaf area with soluble protein (r = 0.88), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (r = 0.88) and pyruvate,PI dikinase (r = 0.94), but a lower correlation of photosynthetic rate/leaf area with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (r = 0.74) and no significant correlation of photosynthetic rate/leaf area with chlorophyll content (r = 0.56). Among eight species of the NADP-malic enzyme C4 subgroup, there was a good correlation of photosynthetic ratelleaf area with NADP-malate dehydrogenase (r = 0.88) and NADP- malic enzyme (r = 0.92). Extractable activities of both the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the dikinase were generally close to the rate of photosynthesis. When comparing the activity per unit leaf area of one enzyme with another, generally a high degree of correlation was found among the species. The results suggest that a given C4 species tends to maintain a balance in the activities of several photosynthetic enzymes and that there is potential to estimate capacity for C4 photosynthesis under high light through determining activity of certain photosynthetic enzymes.

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