Phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of Nemesis Risso, 1826 species found on different elasmobranch host species off the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa

The laciniate, relatively large-bodied tetraphyllidean tapeworm genus Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850 parasitises triakid sharks with all but one species found parasitising sharks of the genus Mustelus Linck, 1790. Historically, species of this genus were thought to exhibit a relaxed degree of host specificity relative to species of their sister genus Symcallio Bernot, Caira, & Pickering, 2015. However, several more recent studies have begun to question this difference and, in particular, the conspecificity of specimens identified as the types species, C. verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819) van Beneden, 1850, from multiple host species. Our results suggest that diversity in the genus Calliobothrium has been under-reported. To explore this situation, specimens previously identified as C. verticillatum were collected from Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 off the United Kingdom and Mustelus canis (Mitchell, 1815) off Connecticut, USA; these sharks each were found to host distinct species both of which are described here. Mustelus asterias was also confirmed to host Symcallio leuckarti (van Beneden, 1850) Bernot, Caira & Pickering, 2015, which is redescribed. In combination with newly collected material from Mustelus palumbes Smith, 1957 off South Africa and data available from GenBank, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 28S rDNA data for four of the seven known species of Calliobothrium, including both new species and five of the 11 known species of Symcallio, were conducted. The resulting phylogeny supports the mutual monophyly of the two genera, which are readily distinguished based on whether they exhibit proglottid laciniations, and supports subclades of Symcallio with and without hook accessory pieces. These subclades of Symcallio appear to exhibit an intriguing congruence with two known subclades of their host genus, Mustelus.

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Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abiodun J. Fatoba ◽

Oliver T. Zishiri ◽

Damer P. Blake ◽

Sunday O. Peters ◽

Jeffrey Lebepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Eimeria Species ◽

Free Range ◽

Kwazulu Natal

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Genetic characterisation of non-descript cattle populations in communal areas of South Africa

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an20030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

M. D. Mamogobo ◽

N. O. Mapholi ◽

K. A. Nephawe ◽

T. L. Nedambale ◽

T. J. Mpofu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

North West ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Communal Areas

Context Indigenous cattle breeds represent an important genetic resource for livelihood of communal-area inhabitants. Indigenous breeds have the ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions, can adapt genetically to poor-quality forages and are resistant to parasites and diseases. These unique traits possessed by indigenous breeds are under threat because of unrestrained crossing with exotic commercial breeds, and this can lead to total loss of a breed. Aims The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of South African non-descript communal beef cattle populations by using 25 microsatellite markers. Methods Unrelated and non-descript animals (n = 150) were sampled from communal areas from five (5) provinces of South Africa, namely, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West, with 30 samples per breed taken. Six (6) known cattle breeds (n = 180) were used as a reference population. This included Angus, Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Brahman, Drakensberger and the Nguni, with 30 samples per breed. Key results High level of genetic diversity was found across the five non-descript populations, with an average heterozygosity of 75%. The Limpopo population was found to be the most diverse population, with the highest average number of alleles (8.5) and heterozygosity (ranging between observed heterozygosity of 70% and expected heterozygosity of 79%). STRUCTURE software assigned populations (2 ≤ K ≤ 20), with the most probable cluster being at K = 7. The Eastern Cape, KwaZulu–Natal and Limpopo populations had genetic material similar to those possessed by the Nguni and Bonsmara reference populations. Conclusions Results from the study showed that most genetic differentiation occurred within populations rather than among populations, and this might be due to the fact that there is no selection for or against any specific production trait expressed in the populations. Implications The obtained information will serve as a baseline for the development and implementation of sound breeding programs that will assist in controlling the gene flow, so as to lower the possible genetic dilution of the currently available genetic material.

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The impact of social grants on agricultural entrepreneurship among rural households in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

10.2499/9780896295988_04 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Households ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Social Grants ◽

Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽

The Impact

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Adverse Events Reporting System as Experienced by Critical-Care Nurses in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.25159/2520-5293/2456 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thusile Mabel Gqaleni ◽

Busisiwe Rosemary Bhengu

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Critical Care ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Patient Care ◽

Family Involvement ◽

Reporting System ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Life Threatening

Critically ill patients admitted to critical-care units (CCUs) might have life-threatening or potentially life-threatening problems. Adverse events (AEs) occur frequently in CCUs, resulting in compromised quality of patient care. This study explores the experiences of critical-care nurses (CCNs) in relation to how the reported AEs were analysed and handled in CCUs. The study was conducted in the CCUs of five purposively selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A descriptive qualitative design was used to obtain data through in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of five unit managers working in the CCUs to provide a deeper meaning of their experiences. This study was a part of a bigger study using a mixed-methods approach. The recorded qualitative data were analysed using Tesch’s content analysis. The main categories of information that emerged during the data analysis were (i) the existence of an AE reporting system, (ii) the occurrence of AEs, (iii) the promotion of and barriers to AE reporting, and (iv) the handling of AEs. The findings demonstrated that there were major gaps that affected the maximum utilisation of the reporting system. In addition, even though the system existed in other institutions, it was not utilised at all, hence affecting quality patient care. The following are recommended: (1) a non-punitive and non-confrontational system should be promoted, and (2) an organisational culture should be encouraged where support structures are formed within institutions, which consist of a legal framework, patient and family involvement, effective AE feedback, and education and training of staff.

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CHALLENGES TO BUILDING AUTHENTIC PARTNERSHIPS: LESSONS FROM BHAMBAYI, KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.25159/2415-5829/2186 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 124-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanusha Raniga ◽

Barbara Simpson ◽

Ntokozo Mthembu

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Services ◽

Service Providers ◽

Informal Settlement ◽

Mutual Trust ◽

Open Communication ◽

Community Based ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Qualitative Phase

In contemporary South Africa, partnerships between service providers in government, non-governmental organisations, the private sector and community based organisations have been identified as a means to strengthen communities and the sustainability of social services. However, the unequal power relations that exists between and within these organisations often leads to fragmentation, duplication, and lack of coordination of social services. Using Fowler’s (1998) conceptualisation of authentic partnerships, this qualitative phase of a larger study explored the challenges of building authentic partnerships in Bhambayi, a predominantly informal settlement in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Individual interviews and a focus group held with nine service providers revealed that intraorganisational challenges, cross-boundary and inter-organisational relations as well as political influences were obstacles to the development of authentic partnerships. The article suggests that open communication, clarity of roles and mutual trust between service providers is vital.

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Transforming the Rural Agricultural Landscape Through Groundwater Optimisation: Exploring A Chinese-South African Partnership

Commonwealth Youth and Development ◽

10.25159/1727-7140/3307 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nirmala Dorasamy ◽

Olayemi Bakre

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Subsistence Farming ◽

Water Shortages ◽

Subsistence Farmers ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Standards Of Living ◽

Kwazulu Natal

The majority of the South African rural populace is directly or indirectly engaged in agricultural practices to earn a livelihood. However, impediments such as climate change, water shortages, and inadequacy of institutional support have undermined these once thriving subsistence farming communities. Furthermore, poor leadership in hydrology, coupled with a lack of depth in skills at all government levels to facilitate the understanding of the importance of groundwater, has made it near impossible for subsistence farmers to benefit optimally from groundwater. The 2012 drought experienced in South Africa paralysed several subsistence farming communities in KwaZulu-Natal. To revamp subsistence farming and assist these farmers across South Africa, the Department of Water and Sanitation launched interventions, but despite the enormous resources expended, indicators (e.g. unsustainable farming practices, poor crop yield, pitiable living conditions, and poor standards of living) provide evidence that these interventions have not yielded the desired results. This paper seeks to suggest practicable interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of subsistence farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. The study pursued a qualitative approach in that it solicited the views of experts on groundwater and in related fields to gain an in-depth perspective. Some of the core challenges undermining the sustainability and growth of subsistence farming in the study area were found to be the inadequacy of experts on groundwater, water shortages, institutional deficiencies, lack of political will, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Pragmatic recommendations are made to address these challenges, among other things to encourage a South African-Chinese partnership in the hydrology sector.

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