Assessment of three-year DBH and height data and genetic gain prediction for five Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) subpopulations in South Africa using REML/BLUP

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
SL Beck ◽  
J de Guisti ◽  
AK Louw ◽  
MDV Resende
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
Height Data

Insecticidal control of Melanterius servulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Paraserianthes lophantha (Leguminosae), in commercial seed orchards of black wattle, Acacia mearnsii(Leguminosae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Donnelly ◽  
F.J. Calitz ◽  
I.M.R. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractA seed-feeding weevil, Melanterius servulus Pascoe, is considered suitable for release against the weed Paraserianthes lophantha. However, host specificity tests have indicated that M. servulus may also develop on the seeds of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), which is both a weed and a crop plant in South Africa. Seed orchards, which supply the black wattle industry, may therefore need to be protected. The aim of this study was to determine whether the two pyrethroid insecticides presently used in wattle plantations against the wattle bagworm (Kotochalia junodi Heylaerts (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)) are effective against M. servulus. Since M. servulus has not yet been released in South Africa, field trials were not possible, and evidence that black wattle seed orchards can be protected from M. servulus was obtained indirectly, in two stages. Firstly, field trials showed that the two insecticides effectively protect the weed Acacia longifolia from a closely related weevil, Melanterius ventralis Lea, which has already been established as a biocontrol agent. Secondly, quarantine laboratory trials demonstrated that M. ventralis and M. servulus showed similar avoidance responses and similar levels of mortality when exposed to the insecticides. All the evidence indicates that the chemical protection of A. mearnsii seed orchards from M. servulus is possible.

Genetic Variation in Frost Tolerance, Uromycladium acaciae Rust Resistance, and Growth in an Acacia mearnsii Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Moreno Chan ◽  
Fikret Isik
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
Cold Hardy

Abstract Genetic variation in frost tolerance, resistance to the rust fungus Uromycladium acaciae, growth, stem form, and gummosis were evaluated in 110 open-pollinated families of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild). Families were tested at six frost-prone sites in northern KwaZulu-Natal and southeastern Mpumalanga, South Africa. Frost-hardy provenances were susceptible to rust disease and had poor growth. Locally grown F1 seed sources that originated from cold-hardy Australian seed sources had better growth and were tolerant to rust, but at a cost of lower frost tolerance. Considerable genetic variation was observed between families within seed sources for frost damage (hfm2 = 0.77), rust incidence (hfm2 = 0.89), and height (hfm2 = 0.80). The corresponding narrow-sense heritabilities (hi2) were 0.30, 0.80, and 0.32. Genotype-by-environment interaction levels were low for most traits. Except for a strong genetic correlation between tree height and diameter (0.90), all the pairs of traits had weak to moderate genetic correlations. Recurrent selection will be successful in improving frost tolerance and rust incidence. However, the current population comprises limited germplasm that is both tolerant to frost and resistant to rust. Thus, we recommend infusing germplasm from known cold-hardy Australian provenances into the current population to increase genetic variation for frost tolerance, rust, and growth. Study Implications Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild) is widely planted in South Africa for bark extract and woodchip exports. The species is prone to frost damage and susceptible to rust fungus Uromycladium acaciae, two major limitations to its cultivation. In this study, 110 open-pollinated families of black wattle originated from its native range in Australia and local South African seed sources were studied for frost and disease tolerance. The results from this study suggest that there is considerable variation within species for frost tolerance and fungal disease. We suggest a tandem selection strategy for black wattle farming in South Africa to increase resistance to frost damage and fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Swartwattelbome: seën of vloek vir Suid- Afrika?

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
F.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alien Invasive Plants

Daar is reeds baie geskryf oor uitheemse indringerplante, veral Acacia mearnsii De Wild, die swartwattelboom en die skade wat hierdie plante aan die plaaslike ekologie aanrig. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan die ontstaan van die probleem, asook aan die inbring en verspreiding van swartwattelbome in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Suid-Afrika). Die probleme wat deur die onbeheerde verspreiding van wattelbome veroorsaak is, het die regering verplig om op te tree ten einde hierdie probleme te bekamp. Voor 1936 was daar aanvanklik geen formele beleid met betrekking tot die invoer, kweek en beheer van hierdie bome nie. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die regering in die wattelbedryf ingegryp het om ’n sekere mate van beheer te vestig en om probleme met betrekking tot uitheemse indringerplante in die algemeen – en die swartwattelboom in die besonder – die hoof te bied. Voorts sal daar ook gelet word op die rol van swartwattel in volhoubare ontwikkeling deur te fokus op die omgewings-/ekologiese probleem van impak op die biodiversiteit en die waterbronne en ook op die voordele wat dit het om woudherstel aan te help. Die artikel bespreek sosiale voordele wat die boom het vir inwoners van landelike gebiede as voorsiener in bou- en konstruksiemateriaal en vuurmaakhout, wat andersins uit die boomveld en/of inheemse woude verkry moet word. Die boom voorsien ook in die houtbehoeftes van die industrie in die vorm van byvoorbeeld pale, pulp en ekstrak. Laastens volg ’n bespreking van die Werk-vir-Water-program. AbatractBlack wattle trees: blessing or curse to South Africa Much has been written about alien invasive plants, especially Acacia mearnsii De Wild, the black wattle tree and the damage done by these plants to the local ecology. In this article cognisance is taken of how the problem was created, the introduction into and the distribution of black wattle trees in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa). Problems experienced by the uncontrolled spreading of wattle trees forced the government to act, as there was no formal policy before 1936 on the importation, cultivation and control thereof. This led to intervention by government in the wattle industry to establish some form of control and to address the problems related to alien invasive plants in general, and the black wattle tree in particular. Furthermore, cognisance will be taken of the role the black wattle plays in sustainable development by considering the environmental/ecological problem of its impact on bio-diversity and the water sources as well as the advantages it has in the process of forest recovery. Secondly notice will be taken of the social advantages the tree has for the inhabitants of rural areas as a provider of building and construction material and firewood, which would otherwise come from the woodlands and/or indigenous forests. The tree also provides in the timber requirements of industry in the form of for instance poles, pulp and extract. Lastly, the article explores the Work-for-Water Programme.

scholarly journals Analytical approaches for modeling tree crown volume in black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) stands

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 4979-4989
Author(s):  
C. Cadori Guilherme ◽  
R. Sanquetta Carlos ◽  
Pellico Netto Sylvio ◽  
Behling Alexandre ◽  
Costa Junior Sergio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Crown ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Analysis of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild) Bark by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Schimleck ◽  
Y. Yazaki
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Black Wattle

Summary The analysis of two sets of Acacia mearnsii De Wild (Black Wattle) samples by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is reported. Set 1 samples were characterised in terms of hot water extractives, Stiasny value and polyflavanoid content. Set 2 samples were characterised by nine different parameters, including tannin content. NIR spectra were obtained from the milled bark of all samples and calibrations developed for each parameter. Calibrations developed for hot water extractives and polyflavanoid content (set 1) gave very good coefficients of determination (R2) and performed well in prediction. Set 2 calibrations were generally good with total and soluble solids, tannin content, Stiasny value-2 and UV-2, all having R2 greater than 0.8. Owing to the small number of set 2 samples, no predictions were made using the calibrations. The strong relationships obtained for many parameters in this study indicates that NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for the rapid assessment of the quality of extractives in A. mearnsii bark.

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