scholarly journals The Debate on Social Welfare in Western Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Developed Countries

scholarly journals MATERIALISME SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PEMBANGUNAN KESEJATERAAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabiq ◽  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Imam Nawawi ◽  
Mohammad Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

Materialism and sich are the driving spirit of the community in achieving economic and financial security that saves a holistic and socially just welfare. This can be seen from the lives of people in materialistic developed countries, where the level of social stress is higher, economic inequality widens, horizontal conflict is rife. This research uses Pierre Felix Bourdieu's social theory in seeing people trust the expenditure of material with other values, such as spiritual and cultural values ​​that are no less urgent as elements of social welfare development. This study found that materialism on the one hand has a positive effect, where people are encouraged to use material standards in measuring the level of welfare they expect. On the other hand, materialism closes the presence of values ​​such as spirituality, local wisdom and agriculture in completing more holistic welfare standards.

International Social Work and Social Welfare: Europe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Eu

Europe includes not only some of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world but also some of the poorest. Social work as a profession has been well established for over 100 years within a variety of social welfare models; the countries in Central and Eastern Europe have re-established social work since the 1990s. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 and its aftermath, followed by the challenges of migration from war zones and Africa, have had a significant impact on the politics and social policy of the region and the resources available for social services and social work in most countries. These events are provoking a re-evaluation of the European Social Model. Some argue that they have also fueled the rise in electoral support for far right, nationalist, anti-immigration, and populist parties, seen also in other continents. The decision of the United Kingdom to break away from the EU, following a referendum in 2016, and the increase in support for anti-EU parties in other countries are having a profound social and political impact across the region.

Outsourcing Welfare

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Germano
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
Rural Mexico

This book is about how remittances—the money international migrants send to family members in their home countries—contribute to economic, political, and social stability in developing countries. Remittances are motivated by altruism, they rise in times of crisis, and they are spent largely on basic goods and services. Because of these qualities, remittances are transnational safety nets that serve a function similar to the social welfare programs most developed countries use to insulate citizens from market, environmental, and life-course risks. Outsourcing Welfare argues that counting on expatriates to send money home has become a de facto social welfare policy in many cash-strapped developing countries during an age of austerity, climate change, and globalization. Through ethnographic research in a coffee-growing village and a pork-producing town in rural Mexico, Outsourcing Welfare shows that the Mexican government was able to count on people to go abroad and send back remittances to compensate for economic shocks that occurred during Mexico’s neoliberal market transition. The book also analyzes survey data collected during Mexico’s 2007–2008 food crisis to illustrate how remittances reduced economic grievances and the demand for government-provided welfare. In later chapters, the book explores the effects of remittances on economic grievances, civil unrest, and political behavior in Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Latin America during the global food and financial crises of 2008–2011.

scholarly journals Digital inequality in Finland: Access, skills and attitudes as social impact mediators

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110230
Author(s):  
Tarja Heponiemi ◽  
Kia Gluschkoff ◽  
Lars Leemann ◽  
Kristiina Manderbacka ◽  
Anna-Mari Aalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
Digital Skills

In recent years, digital health care and social welfare services have been spreading rapidly and partly replacing face-to-face services, particularly in developed countries. This may lead to a pronounced digital inequality. This population-based study of Finnish adults ( N = 4495) examined the associations of offline resources with perceived benefits from online services and the mediating effects of access, skills and attitudes in these associations. The results indicated that those with lower personal, economic and social offline resources perceived online services as less beneficial. This was largely explained by poor access to the services, poor digital skills and negative attitudes towards online services. To increase equality, it would be important to improve Internet access and digital skills and implement means to address negative attitudes, especially among vulnerable groups. Moreover, online health and social welfare services should be designed to be more inclusive.

Costs of Engaging in Corruption: Equilibrium with Extortion and Framing

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungho Yun
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper presents a three-tier law enforcement model in which an inspector monitors a firm’s discharge of waste and reports it to a regulator. The inspector may engage in three forms of corruption – bribery, extortion and framing – with two types of costs: the cost of distorting information against the firm and the cost of side-transfer. In contrast with the earlier literature on corruption, we show that not only bribery but also extortion and framing may occur in equilibrium, even when all the forms of corruption could be deterred. We also find that higher costs of engaging in corruption may result in lower social welfare. Although these costs make engaging in corruption more difficult and hence more easily deter corruption, when corruption occurs in equilibrium, the costs cause wastage of scarce resources from society’s point of view. This analysis also provides an explanation of why corruption is more pervasive in less developed countries.

scholarly journals Gerakan Anti-Globalisasi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perkembangan Demokratisasi di Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Havidz Ageng Prakoso ◽  
Ahmad Juhairi
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

AbstrakGlobalisasi, dalam klaim para globalis, akan membawa kehidupan demokratis ke seluruh dunia sebagai wujud kehidupan yang paling baik. Namun kenyataannya justru sangat kontradiktif, globalisasi telah menciptakan kekuasaan-kekuasaan global yang bersifat  otoriter-oligarkis melalui Lembaga-Lembaga Keuangan Internasional dan Perusahaan-Perusahaan Multinasional yang bekerja sama dengan negara-negara kaya. Karena itu, yang berdaulat dalam era globalisasi bukanlah rakyat sebagaimana dikehendaki demokratisasi, tetapi korporasi-korporasi internasional dan lembaga-lembaga keuangan internasional. Ada dua perspektif yang dapat menjelaskan hubungan demokratisasi dan gerakan anti-globalisasi, yaitu: perspektif anti- globalisasi dan perspektif demokratisasi. Anti-globalisasi adalah sebuah ideologi perlawanan untuk mengakhiri kekuatan korporasi multinasional, IMF, Bank Dunia, dan WTO sebagai instrumen kesepakatan global untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sedangkan demokratisasi adalah realitas faktual perluasan demokrasi sebagai solusi bagi penciptaan kehidupan manusia yang lebih adil dan sejahtera. Gerakan Anti-Globalisasi lahir sebagai koreksi besar terhadap klaim para globalis. Gerakan ini menghendaki terwujudnya demokratisasi yang seutuhnya, yaitu, terwujudnya kedaulatan rakyat yang telah hilang akibat globalisasi dan terpenuhinya kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi rakyat dan terjaminnya hak-hak sipil mereka.Kata Kunci: Anti-Globalisasi, Demokratisasi, Gerakan AbstractGlobalization in Globalist claim will make the better life in the world. But, in fact the reality is difference because globalization was made the dominance actors in the world which authoritarian-oligarchy like international financial organizations and multinational corporations in cooperation with developed countries. Therefore, in globalization era the sovereignty is always in international financial organizations and Multinational corporation hand, not in the society like what in democratization perspective. There are two prespectives explain about the relation between democratization and anti-globalization movement that is democratization perspective and anti-globalization perspective. Anti-globalization is the ideology which describe the opponent movement to finished the hegemony of Multinational Corporations, IMF, World Bank and WTO in economy consensus. Democratization in the other hand is the reality which explain that the enlargement of democracy is the solution to make the good life for peoples in the world. Anti-globalization movement is born as the correction to globalist claim. This movement has the purposes to make the sovereignty over the peoples which lost because of the globalization and in the other hand to fulfill their social welfare and civil right.Key Words: Anti-Globalization, Democratization, Movement

scholarly journals Democracy and Government

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Democratic System

Modernism involves establishing a relationship between democratic countries and their economic and social welfare. Democracy, for the most part, can be seen as a consequence of developed countries. Many authors have concluded that a country that enjoys economic development will sooner or later establish a democratic system that allows the governments to be elected. This chapter analyzes the functions of different governments and how democracy might be able to shape their methods to ensure that the decisions they make are optimal.

PUBLIC INVESTMENT FINANCED BY CONSUMPTION TAX IN AN AGING SOCIETY

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550043
Author(s):  
MINORU WATANABE ◽  
YUSUKE MIYAKE ◽  
MASAYA YASUOKA
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Investment Financing ◽  
Aging Societies ◽  
Consumption Taxes

Earlier papers have examined endogenous growth models including public investment financed by an income tax. However, public capital with such financing has not been reported. Aging societies are developing rapidly in economically developed countries. Consumption taxes to finance government expenditures are attractive to alleviate intergenerational inequality. In this paper, we demonstrate that, for public investment financing, a consumption tax is better than an income tax for income growth. If a future generation’s utility is not discounted greatly in social welfare, a consumption tax is superior. A government-set income growth rate target makes income tax financing desirable by providing more social welfare.

scholarly journals European Institutions and Social Work

Social Work ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Huegler ◽  
David N. Jones ◽  
Karen Lyons
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe

This bibliography examines the influence of the formal pan-European political and economic structures on the practice and development of social work, social services, and social care in Europe, with particular reference to human rights, social welfare policy, and the practice of social work. Europe as a continent stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains, from the Arctic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, from Portugal to Russia (beyond the Urals), and from Finland to Greece, while also including island states such as Cyprus, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, and the United Kingdom. The continent includes not only some of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world, but also some of the poorest. It comprises the forty-seven democratic countries that are members of the Council of Europe (CE), with a total population of around 740 million. All the member states have ratified the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (also known as the European Convention on Human Rights, or ECHR), including respect for its legal institutions. Belarus, Kosovo, and the Holy See (in Rome) are also within the region but are not members of the Council. Twenty-eight of these countries are also members of the European Union (EU), a political union with common institutions and legal frameworks that have supremacy over national parliaments. Social work as a profession has been well established in Europe for over a hundred years within a variety of social welfare models; the countries in central and eastern Europe have reestablished social work since the 1990s, following the ending of the Communist political systems. The practice of social work has evolved differently in each country, but it shares common characteristics. The main political and social structures of Europe—the Council of Europe (CE) and the European Union (EU)—have a significant influence on the development of national social policies through EU Directives (laws), the human rights principles, and the conventions of the Council of Europe and convergent visions. The key instruments that impact on social work policy and practice are identified alongside analysis of their significance.

scholarly journals An Optimal Pollution Control Model for Environmental Protection Cooperation between Developing and Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yibin Zhang ◽  
Xiding Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

With the continuous increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the world and the United States announcing withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the conflicts between environmental protection and economic growth of developing and developed countries have become increasingly challenging. In this paper, following the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” specified in the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, we develop an optimal pollution control model based on a dynamic system for both developing and developed countries. We analyze how different perspectives of the developing and developed countries affect their investments in pollution control and how to determine their responsibilities based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Our aim is to obtain a stable equilibrium mechanism to maximize the social welfare between the developing and developed countries and explore the optimal pollution control and economic growth path. Our results show that it is optimal for the developed countries to help developing countries with pollution control in their initial stage of economic growth. Once the developing countries reach a certain economic development level, they can contribute more to pollution control, while the developed countries can reduce their environmental investment. We show that by following this optimal path, the developing and developed countries can effectively control environment pollution without significant loss of social welfare.

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