scholarly journals A case study on the hydraulic environment of spawning ground based on the index of diversity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-yu Li ◽  
Yu-rong Wang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Index Of Diversity

scholarly journals Case Study: Influence of Three Gorges Reservoir Impoundment on Hydrological Regime of the Acipenser sinensis Spawning Ground, Yangtze River, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjun Zhou ◽  
Zhijing Li ◽  
Shiming Yao ◽  
Miner Shan ◽  
Chao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Chinese Sturgeon ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Reservoir Impoundment ◽  
River Cross Section

After the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in China, the downstream has been affected by the reduction in sediment discharge and regulation of flow processes, which have resulted in severe scouring and changes hydrological regime. Consequently, the spawning ground of Chinese sturgeon distributed along the downstream Yichang reach could be affected. This study examined the effects of TGD on the streamflow, sediment load and channel morphology downstream based on in situ measured data. Results showed that, after the impoundment of the TGD, sediment load at the downstream Yichang hydrological station decreased significantly, and the Yichang reach continued to be scoured. The distribution of erosion was uneven, and the scouring mainly occurred in the branching channels. The channel gradient and riverbed roughness increased with the erosion of the river cross section. After more than 10 years of erosion, the riverbed scouring and armouring in the Yichang reach was basically completed, thus we expected that the spawning grounds of Chinese sturgeon could be retain as the riverbed tends to be stable. The findings in this work have implications in the protection of the critically endangered Chinese sturgeon.

scholarly journals KONDISI KUALITAS AIR WADUK JATIBARANG DITINJAU DARI ASPEK SAPROBITAS PERAIRAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Renita Susanti ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Djoko Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Saprobic Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Pencemaran air adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya suatu zat, energi kedalam air oleh kegiatan manusia sehingga kualitas air dapat menurun sampai tingkat tertentu yang mengakibatkan air tidak dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Waduk Jatibarang merupakan bendungan yang menampung beberapa aliran sungai yang kemudian menjadi sarana dan prasarana akuatik dan mendukung kegiatan pariwisata yang ada. Masuknya air dari beberapa sungai ke dalam waduk dapat membawa bahan pencemar sehingga dapat mengakibatkan perairan waduk menjadi tercemar. Salah satu indikator penting dalam penentuan kualitas air adalah dengan melihat tingkat saprobitas di perairan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dikaji lebih lanjut mengenai kondisi kualitas perairan Waduk Jatibarang ditinjau dari aspek saprobitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat saprobitas perairan Waduk Jatibarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis korelasi, dengan mengukur parameter pendukung yaitu parameter fisika, kimia, indeks biologi, dan indeks saprobitas. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa nilai kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 236-865 ind/l, indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1.02-1.77 indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0.58-0.85 dan indeks dominasi berkisar antara 0.14-0.96. Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) yang didapatkan berkisar antara 51.74-55.06 sehingga kualitas perairan dalam kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai indeks saprobitas berkisar antara 0.60-2.75 dan nilai indeks tropik saprobik berkisar antara 2.02-4.06 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perairan Waduk Jatibarang termasuk dalam golongan β-mesosaprobik/ oligosaprobik atau tercemar ringan. Water pollution is entry or inclusion by a substance, energy into water by the human activities so that quality of the water can decrease till the certain level which it can cause the water can be not function in accordance with the designation. Jatibarang Reservoir is a dam that holds several streams from the river which then becomes the aquatic facilities and infrastructure and can support the tourism activities. The entry of the water to reservoir, can carry pollutants it can cause the reservoir be polluted. One of the important indicators to determine the quality of the water is the saprobic level in the water. Based on the matter, it is necessary to study further about condition of the water quality of Jatibarang Reservoir in terms of saprobic aspect. The objective of the research has to know the level of waters saprobic in Jatibarang Reservoir. The research was conducted in May – June 2017. This research used case study method with descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, with measuring the supporting parameters like physics, chemistry, biology index, and saprobic index. The result of the observation showed that the phytoplankton abundance value ranged between 236-865 ind/l, index of diversity ranged between 1.02-1.77, uniformity index ranged between 0.49-0.85, and the index of dominance range between 0.14-0.96.  Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained ranged between 51.74-55.06 so that quality of the water in medium category . The result of the research, found that the Saprobic Index value ranged between 0.60-2.75, and the Tropic Saprobic Index value ranged between 2.02-4.06, so it can be concluded that the Jatibarang Reservoir belongs to the class of β-mesosaprobic/oligosaprobic or light polluted.

scholarly journals Visualising the scales of ethnic diversity in London using a multilevel entropy index

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Author(s):  
Richard Harris
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
State School ◽  
Entropy Index ◽  
Index Of Diversity

A challenge emerging from the literature on measuring and modelling segregation at multiple scales is how to map the results. This Featured Graphic uses a method based on the CMY colour model, allowing each of the C, M and Y values to represent one of the micro-, meso- and macro-levels of analysis separately, then combining them in an overall map. It presents the method using a new index, a multilevel index of diversity, with a case study looking at the ethnic diversity of state-school pupils living in London’s neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals The contribution of modified taungya system to forest cover and livelihoods of forest-fringe communities: A case study of Worobong South Forest Reserve in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
ASARE-KISSIEDU EBENEZER ◽  
G. K. AMEKA ◽  
TED Y. ANNANG
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Fringe Communities ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Abstract. Ebenezer A, Ameka GK, Annang TY. 2018. The contribution of modified taunga system to forest cover and livelihoods of forest-fringe communities: a case study of Worobong South Forest Reserve in Ghana. Asian J Ethnobiol 1: 15-30. The purpose of this study was to consider the function of the MTS in assisting to forest recovery and in ameliorating subsistences of peasants within the Worobong South Forest Reserve (WSFR, Akim portion). Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) were utilized to examine the expanse of forest canopy decrease from 1990-2010. The analysis of the involvement of the MTS strategy on forest canopy recovery was also performed by analogizing the natural forest to the MTS plantation by utilizing the 100 m x 100 m square transect techniques and using the Simpson’s Index of Diversity. A socio-economic survey including semi-structured interviews was performed to find out the thinking of the MTS peasants in the Akwansrem, Feyiase and Miaso societies and forestry officials on forest recovery as well as the contribution of the MTS to livelihoods of peasants in the study area. The results of the study showed that the forest canopy in the WSFR had experienced various numbers of alteration and/or enhancement particularly in the closed forest canopy. The jungle canopy had declined by 0.41% and 0.17% in 1990-2000 and in 2000-2010 respectively. Nevertheless, in terms of forest vegetation categories, a principal alteration was examined within the closed canopy. Between 1990-2000, the closed canopy underwent a decline of 45.55% but it had an increase of 1.25% (41.4 ha) in 2000-2010. It was expected that there will be further enhanced in the closed canopy in 2010-2020 if current rate of recovery continues to grow. Results of the Simpson's Index of Diversity showed that the natural forest transect was more diverse (1-D = 0.93), in terms of variety and distribution, than the MTS transect (1-D = 0.41). And, stem number was nearly 50% higher than that of the MTS plantation. The results of the research showed that around 600 to 800 trees were planted by individual peasants annually on 0.8 ha of downgraded lands. The enhancement of closed forest canopy within WSFR was ascribed to the success of the MTS strategy. The results also signified that the subsistence of MTS peasants (concerning their access to livelihoods and farm products as well as their ability to bear the expense of the education of their children and to construct buildings) had raised. Still, fear of future expectations and continuity of the MTS, unbalanced distribution of MTS farms, wildfires, and illegal logging were several affairs considered as impendences to the strategy. As a result, several suggestions have emerged. Some of these were: ordinary evaluation of the contexture and spatial degree of the forest cover to keep track of alterations with the application of GIS and RS; The requirement to explain the directives and advantages of the MTS strategy to farming societies and; the implementation of laws to fulfill the policies that will guarantee continuous management of the forest.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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