Epiphytic microalgae community as aquatic bioindicator in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia

Arsad S, Putra KT, Latifah N, Kadim MK, Musa M. 2021. Epiphytic microalgae community as aquatic bioindicator in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2961-2971. One way to monitor water quality is by using biological indicators, namely epiphytic microalgae (periphyton). This study aims to analyze the epiphytic periphyton community structure and analyze the river health status using a saprobic index. The research location was in the Brantas River, Blitar District, East Java, Indonesia. The method used was a survey with sampling at three sites based on the purposive sampling technique. Periphyton samples were taken using the quadrant transect (5x5 cm²) method and then identified using the Lackey Drop Micro transect Counting Method. The results show that the periphyton community structure is in balance, and there are six divisions of 59 different genera. The six divisions found are Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta. The most identified genus is from the Bacillariophyta Division with 28 genera, while the least identified genus is the Rhodophyta division with 1 genus. The abundance ??ranges from 242,800-1,229,174 cells. cm-2, the relative abundance index ??of periphyton ranges from 3-60% (site 1), 9-57% (site 2), 1-62% (site 3), the diversity index ranges from 1.212-2.617 (moderate), the uniformity index ranges from 0.307-2.151 (high), the dominance index ranges from 0.105-0.549 (moderate), and the saprobic index ranges from-0.18 to 0.55. Moreover, supporting water quality parameters are still optimal, except for ammonia and total organic matter parameters that exceed the quality standard. Based on the saprobic value obtained, the water quality of the Brantas River in Tawangrejo Village can be classified into the category of ?/?-mesosaprobic to ?-mesosaprobic saprobic levels with mild to moderate levels of pollution.

FITOPLANKTON SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PENCEMARAN ORGANIK DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI BAGIAN HILIR SUMATERA SELATAN

The Musi River is the largest and longest river in South Sumatra. The development of population activities in the Musi River Basin can affect river water quality and can cause pollution. The high level of industrial activity and households along the Musi River causes a decrease in environmental quality in the Musi River Basin. Based on this, further research is needed to determine the extent of pollution in the Musi River Basin. The purpose of this study is to assess saprobitas along the Musi River Basin based on SI (Saprobic Index) and TSI (Tropical Saprobic Index) values, and knowing the level of water pollution using saprobitas water assessment. This study uses plankton as the main material, namely water samples and plankton samples. This study uses an exploratory design with survey methods, and the determination of sampling stations by purposive sampling method. The results showed abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Musi River in the range of 123 - 2581 cells / liter or an average of 1397 cells / liter, the waters of the Musi River can be categorized as Oligotrophic waters with several station points that can be categorized as Mesotrophic waters. The Saprobic index in the waters of the Musi River ranges from 0.63 - 1, classified in the phases of the microbial, namely β-Mesosaprobic, so that the waters of the Musi River are classified as mild or low.

Phytoplankton Community Structure as Bioindicator of Water Quality in Floating Net Cage Area with Different Density at Cirata Reservoir

Cirata Reservoir is built with water sources originating from the Citarum River. Cirata Reservoir mainly use as a hydroelectric power plant and fish cultivation area with a floating net cage system. The utilization of a reservoir for the cultivation of fish in the Cirata Reservoir had exceeded the specified capacity by the government. That matter had caused the water quality to change in waters of the Cirata Reservoir. Phytoplankton is the first organism that is affected because the degradation of water quality. The purpose of this research is to determine the structure community of phytoplankton in floating net cage areas with different density and water flow at Cirata Reservoir. This research was conducted on November 16 - December 8 of 2019 in the Cirata Reservoir with sampling station located at Jangari, Meleber, and Patokbeusi. The method that was used in this research was purposive sampling method. The result of physic-chemical parameter of this research showed that temperature at all station ranged between 31,9-34,5°C, transparency 53,5-76 cm, pH 6,87-7,67, CO2 8,4-16,8 mg/L, BOD5 1,1-20,5 mg/L, DO 5,83-9,72 mg/L, nitrate 0,169-0,241 mg/L, ammonia 0,001-0,241 mg/L, and phosphate 0,131-0,195 mg/L. The result of phytoplankton community structure indicated that composition of phytoplankton had 30 genera with Chlorophyceae class as the most dominant. The abundance of phytoplankton during research was ranged between 49.570-338.450 ind/L, diversity index 0,78-0,88, domination index 0,12-0,22, and saprobic index 1,04-1,59. Saprobic index indicated that water in each station was included in mild to moderate pollution category or in the β-Meso/ oligosaprobic phased which was showed by the large number of Gloeocystis and Glenodinium genera.

Kajian Pencemaran Perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara Berdasarkan Indeks Saprobik dan Komposisi Fitoplankton

Indeks saprobik adalah indeks yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status pencemaran suatu perairan dengan menggunakan keberadaan organisme seperti fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran di perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara berdasarkan indeks saprobik dan komposisi fitoplankton. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksploratif.Sampel fitoplankton diambil dari 12 titik sampling di sekitar perairan Pulau Panjang. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Sampel plankton diperoleh secara aktif menggunakan plankton net dengan mesh size 37 μm diameter 21 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankomposisi fitoplankton di P. Panjang terdiri dari 32 genus, termasuk ke-dalam 4 kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae (18 genus), Dinophyceae (12 genus), Cyanophyceae (1 genus),Chlorophyceae (1 genus). Indek keanekaragaman dan keseragamannya termasuk dalam kriteria sedang dan tidak ada genus yang mendominasi. Nilai indeks saprobik berkisar antara 0.0 s/d 0.5, yaitu dengan tingkat pencemaran ringan (β/α- mesosaprobik) hingga sedang (α/β- mesosaprobik) oleh bahan organik.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut perairan P. Panjang, Jepara termasuk kedalam perairan yang tercemar rendah hingga sedang. A saprobic index is an index used to determine the status of pollution in waters by using the presence of organisms such as phytoplankton. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of pollution in the waters of Island Panjang, Jepara, based on the saprobic index and phytoplankton composition. The method used is descriptive explorative. Phytoplankton samples were taken from 12 sampling points around Panjang Island by a purposive sampling method. Plankton sampling was carried out using the plankton net with a mesh size of 37 μm in diameter of 21 cm. The results showed that there were 4 classes in Panjang Island, namely Bacillariophyceae (18 genera), Dinophyceae (12 genera), Cyanophyceae (1 genus), Chlorophyceae (1 genus). The index of diversity and uniformity are moderate and no dominant genus. The saprobic index was ranged from 0.0 to 0.5, which was light (β / α-mesosaprobic) to moderate (α / β-mesosaprobic) pollution levels of organic matter. Based on the results, Panjang Island waters in Jepara were polluted in low to-moderate category.

Fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan pada zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai, Pulau Bintan, Kepulauan Riau

Sei Pulai reservoir is located on Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province. Water quality monitoring of Sei Pulai reservoir needs to be done considering that this reservoir is a source of raw water for the people of Tanjungpinang City and surrounding areas.The objective of this recent study were to determine the diversity and structure of phytoplankton community, also determine the water quality of litoral zone at Sei Pulai reservoir based on phytoplankton as bioindicator. Sampling points were chosen by purposive sampling method. Phtoplankton and water sample were collected in three parts namely inlet, middle, and outlet of the reservoir. Species richness of phytoplankton in littoral zone Sei Pulai reservoir consisted of 3 divisions and 18 species. Phytoplankton abundance in the inlet of reservoir showed moderate abundance. In theotehrs hand, the middle and outlet of the reservoir showed low abundance. Based on ecological index, phytoplankton community was categorized low diversity, moderate uniformity, and no dominance. The saprobic index value obtained from the analysis of the phytoplankton community more moderate organic matter or β/α-mesosaprobic. Keywords : bio-indicator, community structure, littoral zone, phytoplankton, saprobic index Abstrak. Waduk Sei Pulai terletak di Pulau Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Monitoring terhadap kualitas perairan waduk Sei Pulai perlu dilakukan mengingat waduk ini menjadi merupakan sumber air baku masyarakat Kota Tanjungpinang dan sekitarnya. Kajian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton serta kualitas perairan di zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai berdasarkan fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Sampel fitoplankton dan air diambil pada tiga bagian waduk yaitu masukan air (inlet), tengah, serta keluaran air (outlet). Fitoplankton yang ditemukan di perairan zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai terdiri dari tiga divisi dan 18 jenis fitoplankton. Nilai kelimpahan fitoplankton di bagian inlet menunjukkan kelimpahan sedang. Bagian tengah dan outlet waduk menunjukkan kelimpahan rendah. Hasil penilaian indeks ekologi menunjukkan bahwa komunitas fitoplankton memiliki keanekaragaman rendah, keseragaman sedang, dan tidak ada yang mendominansi. Berdasarkan indeks saprobik diketahui bahwa di zona litoral Waduk Sei Pulai terjadi pencemaran bahan organik sedang (Kategori β/α-mesosaprobik). Kata kunci : bioindikator, fitoplankton, struktur komunitas, indeks saprobik, zona litoral

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN FITOPLANKTON DAN ZOOPLANKTON SERTA TSI (TROPHIC SAPROBIC INDEX) PADA PERAIRAN TAMBAK DI KAMPUNG TAMBAK LOROK SEMARANG

Lokasi Tambak Lorok dekat dengan jalan raya, pemukiman penduduk serta pabrik-pabrik besar sehingga berpotensi menampung bahan pencemarnya. Bahan-bahan pencemar tersebut akan mengganggu keseimbangan organisme di dalam tambak salah satunya adalah plankton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan fitoplankton dan zooplankton, mengetahui perbandingan fitoplankton dan zooplankton, dan mengetahui status saprobitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 di perairan tambak di Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang. Sampling dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling pada 4 stasiun dengan masing-masing stasiun 3 titik. Variabel yang diukur adalah kelimpahan fitoplankton, kelimpahan zooplankton, dan nilai saprobitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 47-154 ind/l dan kelimpahan zooplankton berkisar antara 0-9 ind/l. Perbandingan fitoplankton dan zooplankton berkisar antara 7:1 sampai 47:0. Nilai SI (Saprobik Indeks) berkisar antara 1,28-1,33 dan nilai TSI (Tropik Saprobik Indeks) berkisar antara 1,89-2,50. Berdasarkan nilai SI dan TSI dapat diketahui bahwa kondisi tambak di Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang termasuk ke dalam perairan Oligosaprobik atau perairan belum tercemar sampai tercemar ringan dan sebagian besar dalam status β-Mesosaprobik atau tercemar ringan sampai sedang. Tambak Lorok Village is located in residential areas-densely populated, not far from highway and large factories which potentially accomodating pollution. They, the pollutants disrupt the balance of organismd in the pond, one of them plankton are going to study is plankton. Purpose of this research is to know the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the comparison of phytoplankton and zooplankton as well as the status of saprobity. This research was carried out on September 2017 in the pond waters at Tambak Lorok Semarang Village by using descriptive method. Sampling was applied by using purposive at 4 station, each station using 3 point. Measured variables were phytoplankton abundance, zooplankton abundance, and saprobity value. The results showed that phytoplankton abundance ranged between 47-154 ind/l, while zooplankton abundance betweem 0-9 ind/l. Comparison of phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged from 7:1 to 47:0. The SI (Sabrobik Index) value ranged from 1,28-1,33 and the TSI (Tropic Saprobik Index) value ranged from 1,89-2,50. Based on SI dan TSI values mentioned above the condition of ponds in Tambak Lorok Village is classified as Oligosaprobik or uncured waters to minor contaminated and mostly in β-Mesosaprobik status or mild to moderate contamination.

KONDISI KUALITAS AIR WADUK JATIBARANG DITINJAU DARI ASPEK SAPROBITAS PERAIRAN

Pencemaran air adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya suatu zat, energi kedalam air oleh kegiatan manusia sehingga kualitas air dapat menurun sampai tingkat tertentu yang mengakibatkan air tidak dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Waduk Jatibarang merupakan bendungan yang menampung beberapa aliran sungai yang kemudian menjadi sarana dan prasarana akuatik dan mendukung kegiatan pariwisata yang ada. Masuknya air dari beberapa sungai ke dalam waduk dapat membawa bahan pencemar sehingga dapat mengakibatkan perairan waduk menjadi tercemar. Salah satu indikator penting dalam penentuan kualitas air adalah dengan melihat tingkat saprobitas di perairan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dikaji lebih lanjut mengenai kondisi kualitas perairan Waduk Jatibarang ditinjau dari aspek saprobitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat saprobitas perairan Waduk Jatibarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis korelasi, dengan mengukur parameter pendukung yaitu parameter fisika, kimia, indeks biologi, dan indeks saprobitas. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa nilai kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 236-865 ind/l, indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1.02-1.77 indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0.58-0.85 dan indeks dominasi berkisar antara 0.14-0.96. Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) yang didapatkan berkisar antara 51.74-55.06 sehingga kualitas perairan dalam kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai indeks saprobitas berkisar antara 0.60-2.75 dan nilai indeks tropik saprobik berkisar antara 2.02-4.06 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perairan Waduk Jatibarang termasuk dalam golongan β-mesosaprobik/ oligosaprobik atau tercemar ringan. Water pollution is entry or inclusion by a substance, energy into water by the human activities so that quality of the water can decrease till the certain level which it can cause the water can be not function in accordance with the designation. Jatibarang Reservoir is a dam that holds several streams from the river which then becomes the aquatic facilities and infrastructure and can support the tourism activities. The entry of the water to reservoir, can carry pollutants it can cause the reservoir be polluted. One of the important indicators to determine the quality of the water is the saprobic level in the water. Based on the matter, it is necessary to study further about condition of the water quality of Jatibarang Reservoir in terms of saprobic aspect. The objective of the research has to know the level of waters saprobic in Jatibarang Reservoir. The research was conducted in May – June 2017. This research used case study method with descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, with measuring the supporting parameters like physics, chemistry, biology index, and saprobic index. The result of the observation showed that the phytoplankton abundance value ranged between 236-865 ind/l, index of diversity ranged between 1.02-1.77, uniformity index ranged between 0.49-0.85, and the index of dominance range between 0.14-0.96. Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained ranged between 51.74-55.06 so that quality of the water in medium category . The result of the research, found that the Saprobic Index value ranged between 0.60-2.75, and the Tropic Saprobic Index value ranged between 2.02-4.06, so it can be concluded that the Jatibarang Reservoir belongs to the class of β-mesosaprobic/oligosaprobic or light polluted.