scholarly journals Study of Sensitivity and Resistivity of Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Patient and Cattle to the Antibiotics and It s Relation with Plasmids

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zainab Sami Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
First Line ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Animal Isolates

The susceptibility of all Salmonella typhimurium isolates to the first line antimicrobial agents werestudied and the results obtained showed a variable sensitivity and resistivity since it shows e.gresistivity for human isolated were Ampicillin 100% ,Chloramphenicol 96% , Co-Trimoxazol 85%,Tetracycline 85%, Nalidixic acid 77% and Cefotaxime 33%, While in animal isolates they wereampicillin 57%, Co-Trimoxazol 14%, Chloramphenicol 26%, Tetracycline 42%, Nalidixic acid 85%and there was no resistant isolate to cefotaxime (0)%.Results obtained after the extration of the DNA plasmids revealed that acommon genetical bandshas been seen in addition to smaller ones that may differs in their appearance from astrain to anotheraccording to their antibiotic individual resistivity and sensitivity and this hypothesis may need a deeperand further studies to find prone relation .

scholarly journals Similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Marius Smith ◽  
Husna Ismail ◽  
Maryke M Henton ◽  
Karen H Keddy ◽  
GERMS-SA Surveillance Network
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Animal Isolates ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

Introduction: Salmonella is well recognized as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal and diarrhoeal disease. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is one of the commonest serotypes associated with foodborne illness. In South Africa, we compared Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans with gastroenteritis and strains isolated from captive wild animals, between June 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: Bacteria were phenotypically characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Genotypic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: a diversity of 27 PFGE patterns amongst 196 human non-invasive isolates was shown; two PFGE patterns predominated and accounted for 74% of all human isolates. Human isolates showed a 12% prevalence rate for nalidixic acid resistance. Animal isolates from 5 different sources were investigated. With the exception of an isolate from a ground hornbill, all animal isolates (jaguar, crocodile, lion and poultry) showed PFGE pattern matches to a human isolate. Animal isolates showed susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents tested, with the exception of nalidixic acid resistance in isolates from the lion and poultry source. Conclusions: Our data showed similarities between Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from humans and captive wild animals, suggesting a probable common source for strains from humans and animals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2450-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio Mandomando ◽  
Dinis Jaintilal ◽  
Maria J. Pons ◽  
Xavier Vallès ◽  
Mateu Espasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
First Line

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 Shigella and 40 Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern Mozambique were assessed. The susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by PCR or colorimetric method. A high proportion of Shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Chl) (52%), ampicillin (Amp) (56%), tetracycline (Tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt) (84%). Sixty-five percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Shigella flexneri isolates were more resistant than those of Shigella sonnei to Amp (66% versus 0.0%, P < 0.001) and Chl (61% versus 0.0%, P < 0.001), whereas S. sonnei isolates presented higher resistance to Tet than S. flexneri isolates (93% versus 64%, P = 0.02). Resistance among Salmonella isolates was as follows: Tet and Chl, 15% each; Sxt, 18%; and Amp, 25%. Only 3% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal), and none to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone (Cro). Among Salmonella isolates, multiresistance was found in 23%. Among Shigella isolates, antibiotic resistance was related mainly to the presence of oxa-1-like β-lactamases for Amp, dfrA1 genes for Sxt, tetB genes for Tet, and Chl acetyltransferase (CAT) activity for Chl. Among Salmonella isolates, resistance was conferred by tem-like β-lactamases for Amp, floR genes and CAT activity for Chl, tetA genes for Tet, and dfrA1 genes for Sxt. Our data show that Shigella isolates are resistant mostly to the most available, inexpensive antibiotics by various molecular mechanisms but remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin, Cro, and Nal, which is the first line for empirical treatment of shigellosis in the country.

Characterization of Nalidixic Acid–Resistant and Fluoroquinolone-Reduced Susceptible Salmonella Typhimurium in Swine

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. LEE ◽  
J. H. JUNG ◽  
B. Y. JUNG ◽  
Y. H. PARK ◽  
Y. H. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Clonal Spread

From 2001 to 2008, a total of 27 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were obtained from 930 swine. All 27 isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline. Seventeen isolates were multidrug resistant to more than three antimicrobial agents. Seven of these multidrug-resistant isolates were pentaresistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Among 27 isolates, 14 isolates (51.8%) were nalidixic acid resistant (MIC, ≥128 μg/ml) and had reduced susceptibility to various quinolones (MIC, 0.125 to 2 μg/ml). When quinolone resistance–determining regions in the gyrA and gyrB genes of these isolates were sequenced, 13 isolates had Asp87→Tyr mutations and 1 isolate had Asp87→Gly mutation in the quinolone resistance–determining region of gyrA, whereas no mutation was found in gyrB. Genes for qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS were not detected by PCR with specific primers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA digested with XbaI showed two patterns suggesting a clonal spread of Salmonella Typhimurium in swine in Korea.

Salmonella Contamination of Pigs and Pork in an Integrated Pig Production System

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS KORSAK ◽  
BENOÎT JACOB ◽  
BÉNÉDICTE GROVEN ◽  
GRÉGORY ETIENNE ◽  
BERNARD CHINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

This paper describes the monitoring of Salmonella in a closed pig production system in Belgium over a 2-year period. A sampling scheme including animal feeds and carcasses was designed to cover the entire chain of production from farrow to finishing pigs. Salmonella was detected by a method based on the use of semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis as a selective medium. The serotypes of the isolated strains were determined, and the antibiotic resistance of these strains to six antibiotics was also investigated. Feeds were found to be more contaminated than expected (10.2%, 34 of 332 samples). The percentage of positive fecal samples for pregnant sows (8.1%, 11 of 135 samples) was significantly higher than that for young and lactating sows (2.9%, 11 of 378 samples) (P &lt; 0.05). The percentage of positive samples for colon contents collected at the slaughterhouse (47.3%, 88 of 186 samples) was significantly higher than that for feces collected during the fattening stage (5.6%, 18 of 320 samples) (P &lt; 0.001). For carcass swab samples, the observed prevalence was 11.2% (17 of 152 samples). On farms, Salmonella recovery levels were higher for overshoe samples than for fecal samples, except for pregnant sows. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype (32.2%, 55 of 171 samples), while Salmonella Brandenburg was predominant in the colon contents collected at the abattoir (21.4%, 18 of 84 samples). Feeds harbored a wide diversity of serotypes of minor epidemiological significance. Of 55 isolated strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, 11 (20%) were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, choramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid (R Type TeAmCSNa), while 12 (21.8%) were resistant to all of these antibiotics except nalidixic acid (R Type TeAmCS). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium strains that exhibited resistance to more than four antimicrobial agents were characterized as Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 or as being closely related to Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (7 of 12 isolates). In conclusion, our system of surveillance is effective in identifying most points of contamination in the production chain and will be useful in ongoing efforts to develop a Salmonella-free production system.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Katiyo ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Mehdi Minaji ◽  
David Powell ◽  
Alan P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes hospitalization and high morbidity and mortality. We linked Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) data to the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data set to study the trends and outcomes of NTS bacteremias in England between 2004 and 2015. All confirmed NTS isolates from blood from England submitted to GBRU between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 were deterministically linked to HES records. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), proportions, and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to describe differences in age, sex, antibiotic resistance patterns, and serotypes over time. Males, neonates, and adults above 65 years were more likely to have NTS bacteremia (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.67]; 2.57 [95% CI, 1.43 to 4.60]; and 3.56 [95% CI, 3.25 to 3.90], respectively). Proportions of bacteremia increased from 1.41% in 2004 to 2.67% in 2015. Thirty-four percent of all blood isolates were resistant to a first-line antibiotic, and 1,397 (56%) blood isolates were linked to an HES record. Of the patients with NTS bacteremia, 969 (69%) had a cardiovascular condition and 155 (12%) patients died, out of which 120 (77%) patients were age 65 years and above. NTS bacteremia mainly affects older people with comorbidities placing them at increased risk of prolonged hospital stay and death. Resistance of invasive NTS to first-line antimicrobial agents appeared to be stable in England, but the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin, requires careful monitoring.

scholarly journals Azacitidine-induced acute lung injury in a patient with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 886-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Makita ◽  
Wataru Munakata ◽  
Daisuke Watabe ◽  
Akiko Miyagi Maeshima ◽  
Hirokazu Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
First Line Treatment

Azacitidine is a first-in-class demethylating agent, and it is widely used globally as a first-line treatment for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we report the case of a patient with MDS who suffered from a rare adverse event, an acute lung injury (ALI), which was suspected to have been caused by azacitidine and was successfully treated with corticosteroids. As it is a rare, but critical, adverse event, clinicians should consider ALI as one of the differential diagnoses in cases where 1) pneumonia and fever of unknown etiology arise in MDS patients treated with azacitidine, 2) antimicrobial agents are not effective, and 3) microbiological tests produce negative results.

scholarly journals Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium Treated with Nalidixic Acid

Microbiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. IINO ◽  
T. OGUCHI ◽  
K. KUTSUKAKE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid

scholarly journals Nalidixic Acid for Enrichment of Auxotrophs in Cultures of Salmonella typhimurium

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Weiner ◽  
M. J. Voll ◽  
T. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid

scholarly journals Genotypic and demographic characterization of invasive isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium in HIV co-infected patients in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen H. Keddy ◽  
Sarika Dwarika ◽  
Penny Crowther ◽  
Olga Perovic ◽  
Jeanette Wadula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

BACKGROUND: Non-typhoidal Salmonella are frequently food-borne zoonotic pathogens that may cause invasive disease in HIV-positive individuals. METHODOLOGY: Invasive isolates (n = 652) of Salmonella Typhimurium from human patients in Gauteng Province of South Africa were investigated for the years 2006 and 2007. Bacteria were identified using standard microbiological techniques and serotyping was performed using commercially available antisera. Susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents was determined by the E-test. Genotypic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of digested genomic DNA. RESULTS: Forty-five clusters of isolates were identified, of which four (clusters 3, 5, 6 and 11) were major clusters. Most isolates originated from hospital H2 and most were isolated from patients in the age range of 15 to 64 years. Ninety-three percent (213/230) of patients with a known HIV status were HIV-positive. Most isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. The most commonly expressed antibiotic resistance profiles were ACSSuNa (14%; 75/555) and ACSSuTNa (13%; 72/555). Some evidence was found for nosocomial acquisition of isolates. Of the isolates from the major clusters 3, 5, 6, and 11, 33% (8/24), 6% (7/117), 4% (1/26) and 6% (3/52) were of nosocomial origin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In South Africa, Salmonella Typhimurium remains a major opportunistic infection of predominantly HIV-positive patients. Clonally diverse strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics may circulate in patients aged between 15 and 64 years over prolonged periods within the hospital environment, adding to the health care burden.

Phytochemical investigation of the antisalmonellal effect of Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. (Cyperaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon A. Mfonku ◽  
Gabriel T. Kamsu ◽  
Norbert Kodjio ◽  
Jie Ren ◽  
James A. Mbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Typhoid fever is a major health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conventional anti-typhoid drugs are becoming more and more unavailable to most patients in Africa due to the increased costs and emerging drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for discovery of new antimicrobial agents to combat typhoid fever. Objective: This work aimed to investigate the bioactive components in Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. (Cyperaceae) and test the antisalmonellal activity of the isolated compounds. Methods: Compound purification was done through column chromatography. Structure elucidation was accomplished based on the 1D and 2D NMR, IR and mass spectra. The biological assay was done using five bacterial strains, including Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhi ATCC 6539 (STS), S. enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhi (ST), S. enteritidis (STE), S. enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhimurim (STM), and a resistant isolate of S. enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhi (ST566). Results: Three natural products were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of the rhizomes of C. sphacelatus, including a new furanoquinone, scabequinon-6(14)-ene (1) and two known compounds, cyperotundone (2) and vanillin (3). Compound 1 showed moderate antisalmonellal activity, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL against STM and STS. The best inhibitory result was obtained with compound 2 on STM with a MIC of 8 µg/mL. Compound 2 also gave the best minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32 µg/mL on the STM strain. Conclusion: Discovery of the three antisalmonellal compounds from C. sphacelatus supports the addition of this plant to typhoid fever preparations.

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