scholarly journals Nalidixic Acid for Enrichment of Auxotrophs in Cultures of Salmonella typhimurium

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Weiner ◽  
M. J. Voll ◽  
T. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid

scholarly journals Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium Treated with Nalidixic Acid

Microbiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. IINO ◽  
T. OGUCHI ◽  
K. KUTSUKAKE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Isolates from Healthy and Diseased Pigs in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGMA DORJI TAMANG ◽  
MAMATA GURUNG ◽  
HYANG-MI NAM ◽  
DONG CHAN MOON ◽  
GEUM-CHAN JANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Concern

This study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of virulence genes in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium isolated from healthy and diseased pigs in Korea. A total of 456 Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from healthy (n = 238) and diseased (n = 218) pigs between 1998 and 2011 were investigated. In total, 93.4% of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent tested. The isolates were most often resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), followed by streptomycin (83.6%), nalidixic acid (67.3%), ampicillin (49.3%), chloramphenicol (42.8%), and gentamicin (37.1%). Moreover, multidrug resistance phenotype and resistance to ampicillin, florfenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from the diseased pigs compared with those from the healthy pigs. The most common resistance pattern observed in both groups of isolates was streptomycin-tetracycline. Overall, more than 96% of the isolates tested possessed invA, spiA, msgA, sipB, prgH, spaN, tolC, lpfC, sifA, sitC, and sopB virulence genes. The prevalence of orgA, pagC, and iroN were 50.2, 74.1, and 91.0%, respectively, whereas isolates carrying cdtB (1.5%), pefA (7.0%), and spvB (14.9%) were identified much less frequently. Furthermore, the prevalence of invA, lpfC, orgA, pagC, and iroN was significantly higher (P < 0.01) among the isolates from the diseased pigs than in isolates from the healthy pigs. Our results demonstrated that, among diseased pigs, there was significantly higher resistance to some antimicrobials and greater prevalence of some virulence genes than in healthy pigs, indicating the role these factors play in pathogenesis. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates that carry virulence-associated genes are potentially more dangerous and constitute a public health concern. Thus, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics in Salmonella is essential.

scholarly journals The effect of antimicrobial feed additives on the colonization of the alimentary tract of chickens by Salmonella typhimurium

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith ◽  
J. F. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Standard Manner

SUMMARYGroups of 33 chickens were fed continuously on diets containing feed additives that are employed commercially for a variety of purposes, and were infected orally when 4 days old with a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. The amount of S. typhimurium organisms excreted in their faeces was estimated by culturing them at intervals and in a standard manner on brilliant green agar containing sodium nalidixate; when the chickens were killed their caecal contents were examined by the same technique.Avoparcin and lincomycin, like nitrovin and tylosin (Smith & Tucker, 1975b), favoured colonization of the alimentary tract by the S. typhimurium organisms as shown by the fact that the chickens to which they were fed excreted these organisms in their faeces in higher concentration and for longer periods of time than did chickens fed on non-medicated diets. Amprolium, monensin, dimetridazole, arsenilic acid and nitro-hydroxyphenylarsonate had no obvious effect on the salmonella excretion pattern.When only five chickens in each group were experimentally infected so that the effect of the feed additives on infections acquired by contact could be monitored, avoparcin, lincomycin, nitrovin and tylosin again favoured colonization of the alimentary tract with the S. typhimurium organisms and so did dimetridazole. Arsenilic acid, in contrast, hindered the development of infection. Amprolium, monensin and nitro-hydroxyphenylarsonate were without obvious effect.Many of the chickens that were fed on diets that favoured S. typhimurium colonization, but not those fed on non-medicated diets, were still excreting S. typhimurium organisms in their faeces when they were killed at 56 days of age, the age at which broiler chickens kept under commercial conditions are usually slaughtered.

Quality of Fresh Chicken Breasts Using a Combination of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Chlorine Dioxide Sachets

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1991-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELLIS ◽  
K. COOKSEY ◽  
P. DAWSON ◽  
I. HAN ◽  
P. VERGANO
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Plate Counts

The objective of this research was to observe the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) combined with modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of fresh chicken breasts under refrigerated storage for 15 days. Each chicken breast was inoculated with a 4-log CFU/ml culture of Salmonella Typhimurium (nalidixic acid–resistant strain) and placed into a barrier foam tray. Fast- or slow-release ClO2 sachets were placed next to the chicken in each package. A control set of packages that did not contain a ClO2 sachet was also included in the study. Packages were flushed with either 100% N2 or 75% N2–25% CO2 and stored at 3°C. Microbial analysis, CIE L.a.b. color, and sensory (appearance and aroma) were performed every 3 days for 15 days. Total plate counts for chicken increased steadily after 6 to 9 days of storage regardless of package atmosphere or ClO2 treatment. However, those treated with ClO2 sachets had 1 to 1.5 log CFU per chicken breast lower total plate counts compared with those without ClO2 sachets. After 15 days, samples treated with ClO2 (fast- and slow-release sachets) had significantly lower Salmonella Typhimurium (nalidixic acid–resistant strain) populations (approximately 1 log) compared with chicken that did not contain ClO2 sachets. The ClO2 adversely affected the color of the chicken in areas close to the sachet. No off-odor was detected by the sensory panelists.

Aquarium pets as a source of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Trust ◽  
Karen H. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
R Plasmids

Thirteen serotypes of Salmonella isolated from imported ornamental aquarium frogs, snails, and their waters were shown to be multi-drug-resistant. Among the resistances exhibited were resistance to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, cephalothin, and nalidixic acid. Frog isolates displayed eight different patterns and snail isolates had two different resistance patterns. The most common serotype, Salmonella typhimurium, was resistant to 18 antibacterials while other salmonellae were resistant to 9 to 16 antibacterials. Resistances in S. typhimurium and S. bovis-morbificans were conjugative and a number of R plasmids participated in the resistance. The plasmid-mediated resistance in S. typhimurium was stable and the levels of resistance conferred were markedly higher than in the other salmonellae tested. Resistance of other serotypes was non-conjugative and resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics was unstable.

Characterization of Nalidixic Acid–Resistant and Fluoroquinolone-Reduced Susceptible Salmonella Typhimurium in Swine

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. LEE ◽  
J. H. JUNG ◽  
B. Y. JUNG ◽  
Y. H. PARK ◽  
Y. H. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Clonal Spread

From 2001 to 2008, a total of 27 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were obtained from 930 swine. All 27 isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline. Seventeen isolates were multidrug resistant to more than three antimicrobial agents. Seven of these multidrug-resistant isolates were pentaresistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Among 27 isolates, 14 isolates (51.8%) were nalidixic acid resistant (MIC, ≥128 μg/ml) and had reduced susceptibility to various quinolones (MIC, 0.125 to 2 μg/ml). When quinolone resistance–determining regions in the gyrA and gyrB genes of these isolates were sequenced, 13 isolates had Asp87→Tyr mutations and 1 isolate had Asp87→Gly mutation in the quinolone resistance–determining region of gyrA, whereas no mutation was found in gyrB. Genes for qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS were not detected by PCR with specific primers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA digested with XbaI showed two patterns suggesting a clonal spread of Salmonella Typhimurium in swine in Korea.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding diets containing permitted antibiotics on the faecal excretion of Salmonella typhimurium by experimentally infected chickens

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith ◽  
J. F. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SUMMARYGroups of 45 chickens were fed continuously on diets containing 10 or 100mg./kg. of different ‘growth-promoting’ antibiotics and infected orally with a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. The amount of S. typhimurium organisms excreted in their faeces was estimated by culturing them at weekly intervals and in a standard manner on plates of brilliant green agar containing sodium nalidixate, both direct and after enrichment in selenite broth.All of four groups fed diets containing 100 mg./kg. of nitrovin in three different experiments excreted much larger amounts of S. typhimurium than did groups fed antibiotic-free diets. In some, but not all, experiments, larger amounts were also excreted by groups fed diets containing 10 mg./kg. of nitrovin or 10 or 100 mg./kg. of flavomycin or tylosin. Feeding diets containing 10 or 100 mg./kg. of virginiamycin or bacitracin either did not influence or slightly ncreased the amount of S. typhimurium excreted.Two groups fed continuously on diets containing 100 or 500 mg./kg. of sulphaquinoxaline for 44 days excreted smaller amounts of the S. typhimurium organisms than did groups fed antibiotic-free diets; no sulphonamide-resistant organisms of the S. typhimurium strain were isolated from the faeces.

Negative chemotaxis in Cytophaga johnsonae

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Xian Liu ◽  
Irwin Fridovich
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Gliding Bacteria ◽  
Gliding Bacterium

Chemotaxis, both positive and negative, has been extensively studied in flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, but not in gliding bacteria. The rapidly motile gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae has been seen to be repelled by H2O2, OCl−, and N-chlorotaurine, as well as by low pH. Its response to H2O2 was eliminated by catalase. Nalidixic acid at 200 μM, which inhibits the growth but not the motility of C. johnsonae, did not interfere with its negative chemotactic response to H2O2, whereas sodium phosphate at 10 mM, which inhibits motility, did so. Cytophaga johnsonae was not repelled by taurine, n-octanol, phenol, L-valine, or high pH. Chemotaxis can be conveniently studied in gliding bacteria such as C. johnsonae.Key words: gliding bacteria, Cytophaga johnsonae, negative chemotaxis, hydrogen peroxide, N-chlorotaurine.

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