scholarly journals Production Function, Institutional Credit and Agricultural Development in Pakistan

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib A. Zuberi
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Acre Yield ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fertilizer Technology

This study, based on the time-series data covering the period from 1956 to 1986, estimates production function in the agricultural sector of Pakistan. The strategy for agricultural development in the country has been based on greater utilization of "high pay-off' low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through financial institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this technology. Despite the infusion of seed-fertilizer technology, per acre yield of major crops like wheat, rice, cereal and sugar-cane in Pakistan is lower than in most LDCs in the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of present technology has reached a plateau and it is time to look for additional inputs for improvement in productivity.

Estimation of Elasticities of Substitution for CES and VES Production Functions using Firm-level Data for Food-processing Industries in Pakistan

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Barrese ◽  
Sohail J. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Acre Yield ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Government

This study, based on the time-series data covering the period from 1956 to 1986, estimates production function in the agricultural sector of Pakistan. The strategy for agricultural development in the country has been based on greater utilization of "high pay-off' low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through financial institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this technology. Despite the infusion of seed-fertilizer technology, per acre yield of major crops like wheat, rice, cereal and sugar-cane in Pakistan is lower than in most LDCs in the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of present technology has reached a plateau and it is time to look for additional inputs for improvement in productivity.

scholarly journals The Role of Institutional Credit in the Agricultural Development of Pakistan

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1039-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail J. Malik ◽  
Mohammad Mushtaq ◽  
Manzoor A. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Development

There has been a consensus among Pakistani policy-makers since the early 1970s that the shift from a resource-based to a science-based agriculture can be facilitated through the availability of agricultural credit. The official statistics on the disbursement of agricultural credit bear testimony to this behalf. A perusal of Thble 1 shows clearly that while other inputs such as fertilizer offtake, the availability of improved seed, water and tractors grew at rates ranging from 3 percent to 15 percent per annum over the period from 1971-72 to 1986-87, the disbursement Of institutional credit to the rural sector of Pakistan grew at an impressive 28 percent. It is interesting to note that while agricultural production, measured as an index with base year 1960, grew at only 3 percent, the ratio of institutional credit to agricultural GNP grew from 0.7 percent in 1971-72 to over 12 percent in 1986-87. 1\\'0 studies have recently appeared in The Pakistan Development Review that highlight important yet diverse aspects of the role of institutional credit in the agriculture development of Pakistan. The first study [Zuberi (1989)] stated that "the strategy for agricultural development in the country has been based on greater utilization of 'high pay-off' low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through fmancial institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this technology". This study, however, using a Cobb-Douglas type production function and time-series data found that specifications which included institutional credit as an independent variable offered meaningless results. Based on the fact that 70 percent of total institutional credit disbursed was for the purchase of seed and fertilizer, the author chose expenditure on these categories as a proxy not only for credit but also for capital and using this and labour obtained significant estimates.

scholarly journals Agricultural Development And The Role Of Women's Self- Employment In Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Rummana Zaheer ◽  
Saman Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Nadeemullah
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Self Employment

Pakistan aimed to achieve the target of 5.5% of GDP growth for the fiscal year 2015-16, of which 3.9% is expected to catch from the agricultural sector. In the economy, about 42.3% of the total employment is attributed by the agricultural sector, of which about 72.7% is contributed by the 48.96% of the total population, the WOMEN. Female as first-line labor force never receive the consideration of their actual contribution in the development on national basis. Like other developing economies of the world, Pakistan must to focus to expose and utilize the potential of the women labor force in agriculture. The discussion on the agricultural development of Pakistan with reference to women's self-employment is done in this study. Along review of literature and empirical studies, to facilitate the discussion and conclusion, annual time series data from the period of 1985 to 2015 under the regression analysis is taken. The variables taken, to discuss the strength and nature of association with the agricultural development of Pakistan by selfemployment of women, are gross domestic product of agriculture, literacy rate of women, women employed in agriculture and domestic credit disbursement to agriculture sector. The study expects the significant result withal positive association of variables to the development of the economy.

MOBILIZATION OF DOMESTIC FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Awe A.A
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
The Government

The paper examines the mobilization of domestic financial resources for agricultural productivity in Nigeria with a view to identify the contributions of the various sources of finance to agricultural productivity in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the paper employed Vector Auto Regressive Model (VAR) to analyze time series data from (1980 – 2009). The paper identified the various instruments and strategies used by the government for mobilizing resources for the agricultural sector in Nigeria to include subsidy and agricultural credit policies that were financed through Nigerian Agricultural Credit Bank (NACB), credit facilities from Nigerian Bank for Commerce and Industries at the state level, credit through Commercial and Merchant Banks and provision of agricultural credit to the defunct Commodity Board by the Central Bank of Nigeria. The OLS (VAR) result revealed positive relationships between the variables and the variance decomposition measured the proportion of forecast error. The paper therefore recommend that the Federal government recurrent expenditure on agriculture should be reviewed upward for enhanced agricultural productivity and that both the Federal government and the Commercial Banks should mobilize more financial resources toward the agricultural sector to boost agricultural productivity which would guaranteed maximum agricultural productivity in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Tractorisation and Agricultural Development in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Komol Singha
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Technological innovations have had profound effect on agricultural sector in the post-Green Revolution period in India. With the inception of Green Revolution, mechanisation process, especially the application of tractor in agriculture sector had intensified. However, in 2000s, the pattern of mechanization has diversified slightly from the intensive tractorisation to other implements like, irrigation, fertilizer, harvester, energy and others. Using a time series data on tractorisation and agriculture GDP for 43 years, co-integration regression method was employed to understand short run equilibrium between the variables. Further, the Error Correction Model (ECM) result showed that elasticities of mechanization were 10.4 percent and 0.52 percent for the long-run and the short-run respectively. It implies that a positive impact of mechanization on agriculture GDP was found both in the short run and long-run.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of Government Agricultural Spending and Agricultural Output in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Bridget Ngodoo Mile ◽  
Victor Ushahemba Ijirshar ◽  
Simeon T. Asom ◽  
Joseph Tarza Sokpo ◽  
Joseph Fefa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government

This study examined the relationship between government agricultural spending and agricultural output in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1981 to 2019. This study used descriptive and analytical techniques such as descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, VEC Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test, Johansen co-integration test, vector error correction test, impulse response, and variance decomposition. The study found that all variables were not stationary at level but became stationary at first difference. The study also revealed that there is a positive effect of government agricultural spending on agricultural output in Nigeria, though, significant in the long-run only. The study also showed that there is a bidirectional relationship between government agricultural spending and agricultural output in Nigeria at 10% level of significance and that agricultural output would respond positively to shocks in government agricultural spending in Nigeria during the forecast period. Therefore, the study recommends that government expenditure on agriculture should be improved upon the funds allocated to the sector and should be made available to real farmers through the provision of fertilizers, improved seedlings and grant aiding to farmers through farmers cooperatives while farmers in Nigeria should form farmers’ cooperatives to be able to easily access credit facilities from banks as well as enhancing their easy access to farm inputs provided by the government. More so, the Nigerian government should also increase the budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector to boost food production, alleviate poverty as well as meet up with the international standard.

scholarly journals Influence of road transport infrastructure on agricultural sector development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusogo Ogunleye ◽  
Akinyemi Ajibola ◽  
Oluwafemi Enilolobo ◽  
Olufolakemi Shogunle
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Causality Test

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of road transport infrastructure on agricultural sector development in Nigeria from 1985 to 2014, using secondary annual time series data on agricultural development (proxy by gross domestic product in the Agric sector) road transport infrastructure (proxy by length of paved road per square kilometer of area) export and capital, all obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) [3], and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [16], statistical bulletins. The data were analyzed using Granger Causality test and Ordinary Least Square estimation techniques. The study concluded that a positive and statistically significant relationship exists between road transport infrastructures (LRT) also evidence was found of a unidirectional causality from agricultural sector development to transport infrastructure. The study, therefore, recommends that adequate and timely maintenance of existing roads should be carried out as well as enacting appropriate regulations that ensure proper implementation and completion of new road construction contracts in the country in order to boost agricultural sector development, reduce wastage of farm produce and increase the possibility of economic diversification.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Small Micro Industries On Economic Growth

JEJAK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Rohadin Rohadin ◽  
Yanah Yanah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analyze Data

The purpose of this study to determine whether SMEs have a role to economic growth and how big the role of SMEs to economic growth in Indonesia. Types of data used are time series data i.e SMEs data and Economic growth data from year 2003 until 2018 in Indonesia.Tool of analyze data used in this research is multiple linear regression. The result of analysis shows that the influence between of SMEs on economic growth in Indonesia is only 12,5%, it means that Small Micro Entreprises do not have a significant influence on economic growth in Indonesia, government to accelerate the development of SMEs in Indonesia in order to contribute to economic growth as in the economic crisis that occurred in 1998 SMEs are able to survive when many large companies are bankrupt. This may be caused by SMEs owners and workers in SMEs do not pay taxes to the government so that not much contribute to the economic growth of the Indonesia. In order for SMEs to contribute to economic growth, must export their products to other countries and support from the government is needed to facilitate SMEs in obtaining capital access from financial institutions.

scholarly journals An Econometric Analysis of Food Security and Agricultural Credit Facilities in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Adesola Afolabi ◽  
Abigail Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Government

Background:It is a known fact that the efficiency of credit facility positively contributes to production base of a sector, especially the Nigerian agricultural sector which is recognised as the heartbeat of the economy by employing over 70% of the country’s labour force; this forms the motivation for this study.Objective:This study examined the potential of agricultural credit facilities in terms of commercial bank credit to agriculture and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and their corresponding interest rates to farmers towards increasing agricultural production as the pathway to food security in Nigeria.Method:The study employed the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach on the time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1990-2016.Result:The result from ARDL showed that commercial banks credits and ACGSF increased food security by 8.12% and 0.002% respectively, while population reduces food security by 0.001%.Conclusion:The study concluded that population should be controlled through family planning and adequate financing of the ACFSF by the government and monitor commercial banks leading interest rates on credit facilities.

scholarly journals Transforming the Nigerian Agricultural Sector into an Agribusiness Model – the Role of Government, Business, and Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth O. Ikenwa ◽  
Abdul-Hammed A. Sulaimon ◽  
Owolabi L. Kuye
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper proposes that the transformation of the agric sector into an agribusiness model will contribute to repositioning Nigerian economy from its backwater position in the world’s economy. This proposition was investigated with the help of a review of literature and analysis of secondary time series data from the period of 2005–2014, which represented the contributions of the agricultural, manufacturing, oil and gas, and service sectors in Nigeria. One hypothesis was formulated and investigated with thet-test, correlation, and regression tests. The test results were positive and statistically significant at.05 alpha level, and they showed that agriculture has the potential to consistently have a significant effect in contributing to the growth of the Nigerian GDP both in the short and long run. These results justify the clarion call within the government and business sectors to diversify the economy and return to agriculture as the country’s bedrock for economic stability, especially as global economy becomes more volatile, uncertain, turbulent, and ambiguous. To this end, six strategies and twelve policy recommendations are suggested towards the implementation of a Structural Adjustment for Agribusiness Promotion (SAFAP) in Nigeria, and this is to be implemented as an action plan for pursuing a nationwide agricultural revolution. The paper concludes that, in view of its Vision 20:2020 to be among the top twenty economies in the world, Nigeria can become positioned to be a major player in global economy by diversifying from an oil-dependent economy into agribusiness and agric trade.

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