scholarly journals Differing Impact of Liberalisation: The Case of Vertically Integrated Clothing Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
Zara Liaqat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relative Factor

This paper compares the productivity and other characteristics of vertically integrated and non-integrated firms to investigate whether efficiency gains associated with a given liberalisation episode vary across firms, depending on their organisation. A theoretical setting of vertical integration in the textile and clothing industry is developed, to reveal that trade expansion triggers a change in the relative factor cost of these two types of firms, and consequently, a change in product range produced by them. The results are further backed by using a sample of clothing firms in Pakistan for the years 1992-2010 to analyse the effect of the phasing out of U.S. textile and clothing quotas on firm-level efficiency. The empirical findings illustrate that an increase in the level of quotas brings about a significant growth in the mean productivity of vertically integrated clothing firms. The diminishing efficiency of non-integrated firms points to the lack of ability of these firms to benefit from tighter quality control, timely revision of production policies and guarantee of supplies. JEL Classification: F13, F14, D24, L23 Keywords: Trade Liberalisation, Productivity, Vertical Integration, Firm Heterogeneity, Multi-Fibre Arrangement

The End of Multi-Fibre Arrangement and Firm Performance in the Textile Industry: New Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zara Liaqat
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Quality Ladders ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Empirical Methodology

Using a sample of 321 textile and clothing companies for the years 1992 to 2010, this paper analyses the effect of quota phase-outs on firm-level efficiency in Pakistan following the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). It highlights sectoral heterogeneity within the manufacturing industry as a result of MFA expiration. The empirical methodology uses the structural techniques proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996), and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) in order to take care of endogeneity in the estimation of production functions. The results differ for the two industries: MFA expiration lead to an increase in the average productivity of textile producing firms but a significant reduction in the mean productivity of clothing producers. We offer a number of explanations for this outcome, such as a change in the input and product mix, entry by non-exporters in the clothing sector, and sectoral differences in quality ladders. A number of crucial policy lessons can be drawn from the findings of this study. JEL Classification:F13; F14; D24; C14; O19 Keywords: Multi-Fibre Arrangement, Trade Liberalisation, Productivity, Firm Heterogeneity, Simultaneity and Production Functions, Endogeneity of Protection

scholarly journals Daily Quality Control in CD3+and CD4+T Cell Estimation by the FACSCount System at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena V. Ramalingam ◽  
Monika Mani ◽  
Vijayanand C. Sundaresan ◽  
Ramesh J. Karunaiya ◽  
Jaiprasath Sachithanandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
T Cell ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTCD4+T cell count estimations are subject to high variations; hence, in this study, the previous day's tested samples were included routinely as the internal quality controls. The percentages of variation of the 2-day values were analyzed for 280 observations and the mean variation for CD4+and CD3+T cell counts ranged from 5.21% to 9.66%. This method is a good internal quality control (IQC) procedure for the estimation of CD3+and CD4+T cell counts in resource-poor settings.

Total Effects of Privatization: Evidence from Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707
Author(s):  
Doruk Cengiz
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Income Transfer ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Privatization Process ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Wage Earners

I examine effects of the privatization process as a whole in Turkey. I show that the privatization process begins before the firm is sold to private agents. I find that privatization causes the firm-level workforce to decline by 65 percent, profit-margin to increase by 18 percent, and no substantial changes in real sales. Based on the evidence presented, I conclude that the direct outcome of privatization is an income transfer from wage earners to profit earners. JEL Classification: L33, H42

scholarly journals Overview of large building testing in Baltic countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Andrejs Nitijevskis ◽  
Vladislavs Keviss
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandatory Testing ◽  
Air Leakage Rate ◽  
Large Building

The objectives of this paper are to review measurements of airtightness of 2 large building groups – middle size shops, and warehouses/distribution centres. The mean air leakage rate at 50 Pa pressure difference q50 was 1.04 m3/m2h and 1.35 m3/m2h for shops and warehouses respectively. Analysis of measurement results is valuable because it allows to make a conclusion about compliance of national and corporative construction airtightness norms with actual air barrier condition on a comissioning stage. In the concluding part of the study there are suggested ways to improve air barrier such as review of construction norms, implementation of a mandatory testing and quality control of a measurement.

scholarly journals Internal quality control in blood and component bank in a tertiary healthcare center in Northern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Kafil Akhtar ◽  
Radhika Arora ◽  
Umrah Malik ◽  
Ankita Parashar ◽  
Murad Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Internal Quality Control ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rbc Count

Quality control describes steps taken by blood and component bank to ensure that tests are performed correctly. Primary goal of quality control is transfusion of safe quality of blood. It is to ensure availability of efficient supply of blood and blood components. Internal quality control is the backbone of quality assurance program. To analyze the internal quality control of blood components in modern blood banking as an indicator of our blood bank performance. An observational cross sectional study conducted at the Blood and Component Bank, JN Medical College and Hospital from 2018 to 2020. Each blood component was arbitrarily chosen during the study on monthly basis. Selection criteria was 1.0% of total collection or minimum 4 bags per month. Packed red cells were evaluated for hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count; platelet concentrates for pH, yield and culture; fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate were evaluated for unit volume, factor VIII and fibrinogen concentration. The mean HCT of packed red cells was 65.75+7.42%, volume was 238+26.25ml, Hb was 20.5+0.15g/dL and RBC count of 5.89x10+0.30x10. The mean platelet yield was 5.7x10, pH was ≥6.8+0.175 and volume was 82.5+13.75ml; cultures were negative and swirling was present in all the platelet units tested. Mean factor VIII and fibrinogen levels were found to be 95.25 +7.37and 307.5+41.37gm/l for FFP respectively. Mean volume, PT and APTT were 215+32.5ml, 14.15+0.325 sec and 29.50+1.5 sec respectively. The quality control of blood components ensures the timely availability of a blood component of high quality with maximum efficacy and minimal risk to potential recipients.

scholarly journals Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation Through Benjamin Graham’s Value Investing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Nitin Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Value Investing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Practical Impact ◽  
Passive Strategy

Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20. Design /Methodologies/Approach:  We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020. Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study. JEL Classification Codes: F37.                          

Neo-Dualism: Accumulation, Distress, and Proliferation of a Fissured Informality

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342110121
Author(s):  
Kasturi Sadhu ◽  
Saumya Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Macro Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

A dominant strand of orthodoxy argues that the problem of the informal sector could be mitigated through the capitalistic growth process. But our observations on India are different—with an expansion of the capitalistic formal sector, as the economy grows, there is a proliferation of fissured informality. Using a structuralist macro-model, we provide certain explanations for this phenomenon, which are also tested empirically using Indian subnational-state and firm-level data. Thus, we explore both the short- and long-run effects of the expansion of the formal sector on the heterogeneous informal economy. While a section of the population is pulled into the advanced informal activities, a vast segment is pushed to petty production. Accordingly, the orthodox transition narrative is questioned and alternative policy and political possibilities are introduced. JEL Classification: O11, O13, O17, P48

scholarly journals Impact of Variability in Portal Venous Phase Acquisition Timing in Tumor Density Measurement and Treatment Response Assessment: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer as a Paradigm

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Dercle ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Philip Lichtenstein ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Deling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Portal Venous Phase ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Choi Criteria ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Venous Phase ◽  
The Mean

Purpose New response patterns to anticancer drugs have led tumor size–based response criteria to shift to also include density measurements. Choi criteria, for instance, categorize antiangiogenic therapy response as a decrease in tumor density > 15% at the portal venous phase (PVP). We studied the effect that PVP timing has on measurement of the density of liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Pretreatment PVP computed tomography images from 291 patients with LM-CRC from the CRYSTAL trial (Cetuximab Combined With Irinotecan in First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00154102) were included. Four radiologists independently scored the scans’ timing according to a three-point scoring system: early, optimal, late PVP. Using this, we developed, by machine learning, a proprietary computer-aided quality-control algorithm to grade PVP timing. The reference standard was a computer-refined consensus. For each patient, we contoured target liver lesions and calculated their mean density. Results Contrast-product administration data were not recorded in the digital imaging and communications in medicine headers for injection volume (94%), type (93%), and route (76%). The PVP timing was early, optimal, and late in 52, 194, and 45 patients, respectively. The mean (95% CI) accuracy of the radiologists for detection of optimal PVP timing was 81.7% (78.3 to 85.2) and was outperformed by the 88.6% (84.8 to 92.4) computer accuracy. The mean ± standard deviation of LM-CRC density was 68 ± 15 Hounsfield units (HU) overall and 59.5 ± 14.9 HU, 71.4 ± 14.1 HU, 62.4 ± 12.5 HU at early, optimal, and late PVP timing, respectively. LM-CRC density was thus decreased at nonoptimal PVP timing by 14.8%: 16.7% at early PVP ( P < .001) and 12.6% at late PVP ( P < .001). Conclusion Nonoptimal PVP timing should be identified because it significantly decreased tumor density by 14.8%. Our computer-aided quality-control system outperformed the accuracy, reproducibility, and speed of radiologists’ visual scoring. PVP-timing scoring could improve the extraction of tumor quantitative imaging biomarkers and the monitoring of anticancer therapy efficacy at the patient and clinical trial levels.

Use of the Reference Method for Determination of Serum Calcium in a Quality-Assurance Survey

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1416-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Pickup ◽  
Malcolm J Jackson ◽  
E Margaret Price ◽  
Michael J R Healy ◽  
Stanley S Brown
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Control Programme

Abstract The Reference Method [Clin. Chem. 19, 1208 (1973)] for determination of total calcium in serum has been applied to 29 specimens from the Wellcome Group Quality-Control Programme. The accuracy of the mean resuIts for all participants, and for selected groups of participants, was determined over the concentration range 2.00-2.75 mmol/liter. We show that, in general, continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer) and atomic absorption methods of analysis have a small, constant bias, but chelation (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) methods are unpredictably inaccurate.

Corporate governance and turnaround: Evidence from Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-578
Author(s):  
Seema Miglani ◽  
Kamran Ahmed ◽  
Darren Henry
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Outside Directors ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Corporate Turnaround ◽  
Outside Director ◽  
Director Ownership ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matched Samples

We examine the relationship between ownership and outside director attributes and corporate turnaround outcomes using matched samples of 99 turnaround and 99 non-turnaround listed Australian firms during the 2004–2015 period. Based on agency theory principles, we propose that key shareholder groups (block ownership, director ownership, institutional ownership) and outside directors are related to firm-level turnaround outcomes, and particularly changes in these attributes across decline to turnaround periods. Our results provide evidence that turnaround and non-turnaround firms differ in terms of their ownership and board composition structures, and that changes in director ownership and the degree of board independence are important in determining the likelihood of turnaround success. JEL Classification: G33, G34, M40

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