scholarly journals Integrated Geophysical and Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Studies in Adum West Area of Benue State,Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Christopher Ogwah ◽  
Umayah Otitie Star
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Longitudinal Conductance ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization ◽  
Groundwater Characterization

Integration of geophysical and hydrogeochemical methods has been scientifically proven to be useful in vulnerability study and groundwater characterization. Subsurface geoelectric parameters such as resistivity and thickness obtained from geophysical method (Vertical Electrical Sounding VES) was used to determine aquifers vulnerability, longitudinal resistance (ρL) and transverse unit resistance (Rt). Thirty four water samples were collected from groundwater sources for physicochemical analysis.Estimated results from longitudinal conductance (S), (Rt) and (ρL) showed that the values ranges from 0.03 to 2.5mhos, 103.64 to 1964417.8 Ω/m2 and 215.41 to 65731.68 Ω-m respectively. Result from S suggested that 50 % of groundwater is considered to be vulnerable to contamination from the earth surface, while the remaining 50 % is considered to be slightly vulnerable to surface contamination. Further findings obtained from hydrogeochemical analysis such as Gibb’s and Chadba plots revealed that groundwater is highly influenced by rock water interaction,groundwater is classified to be Na+ + HCO3¯, Ca2+ + Mg2++ HCO3¯ , Na+ + Cl¯ and Ca2+ + Mg2+ + Cl¯ water type. Deduction from Soltan classification suggested that groundwater is classified to be of Na+ ˗ HCO3¯ and Na+ ˗ SO4 2¯ water type. Results obtained from Ec and pH suggested that the values were below WHO permissible limit, while result obtained from TDS showed that at some sampling points TDS values were above WHO limit. Based on pH value obtained groundwater within the study area fell within slightly basic to acidic.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characterization as a Tool to Recognize “Masked Geothermal Waters” in Bahía Concepción, Mexico

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Pablo Hernández-Morales ◽  
Jobst Wurl ◽  
Carlos Green-Ruiz ◽  
Diego Morata
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Deep Reservoir ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

Geo-thermalism has been widely recognized on the Baja California Peninsula, especially during the last decade. The current research, carried out on Bahia Concepcion, evidences the existence of geothermal springs, which get recharged mainly by groundwater and seawater. The groundwater can be characterized as Na+-Cl− and Na+-HCO3− type, with a pH value close to neutrality. The slightly more acidic thermal sites presented temperatures between 32 °C and 59 °C at the surface. Based on the relationships of the Cl− and Br−, as well as the B/Cl−, and Br−/Cl− ratios, seawater was recognized as the main source of salinity. The spatial distribution is explained directly through marine intrusion, or via sprays and aerosols within the rainwater. Seawater ratios in thermal springs varied from 62% to 83%, corresponding mainly to shallow inflow, but seawater inputs into the deep thermal reservoir were also recognized. Temperatures in the geothermal deep reservoir were inferred from 114 to 209 °C, calculated through the SiO2 and Na+-K+ geothermometers. In addition to previously reported thermal sites at Bahía Concepción, and based on their elevated temperatures, two new sites were identified. Another five springs do not fulfill the commonly used definition, based on differential temperature, but show the typical hydrogeochemical signature of thermal water. A new approach to identify this low-temperature geothermal-influenced spring water by its hydrogeochemical composition is presented, for which the term “Masked Geothermal Waters” (MGW) is introduced. Our findings increase the area of the geothermal anomaly and, therefore, the potential of geothermal resources. The approach proposed in this research will also be useful to identify more MGW in other coastal areas.

scholarly journals GEOELECTRIC STUDY OF GROUNDWATER REPOSITORY IN PARTS OF AKWA IBOM STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Johnson C. Ibuot ◽  
Moses M. M. Ekpa ◽  
Doris O. Okoroh ◽  
Aniefiok S. Akpan Emmanuel T. Omeje
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Longitudinal Conductance ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters

Geoelectric survey employing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out in order to assess the groundwater repositories. A total of seven soundings were obtained with their layer resistivity, thickness and depth within the maximum electrode separation. The geoelectric parameters obtained were used to estimate the Dar-Zarrouk parameters (longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance), hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The result shows the aquifer resistivity ranging from 77.14 to 784.76 Ωm, with thickness ranging from 28.78 to 80.04 m. The longitudinal conductance have values ranging from 0.071 to 0.825 Ω-1 while the values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity range from 1.087 to 5.881 m/day and 60.180 to 374.031 𝑚2/day respectively. The contour maps generated show the variation of these parameters across the subsurface, and areas with poor protective capacity were delineated. The results also delineate the groundwater potential of the study area as moderate, while the corrosivity rating indicates non-corrosive and slightly corrosive.

scholarly journals Soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
A.A. Oyedele ◽  
G.M. Olayanju ◽  
A.O. Talabi ◽  
S.N. Ogunyebi ◽  
O.F. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Longitudinal Conductance ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

AbstractVertical electrical sounding, well inventory and physicochemical analysis were conducted to evaluate soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in the basement complex terrain of Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria. The topsoil is composed of slightly corrosive materials at the eastern, southern and northeastern flanks and the central portion with resistivity values ranging from 60 to 180 Ωm. Moderately corrosive/slightly corrosive materials (with resistivity values of 10 < ρ < 60 Ωm) constitute the second layer around the eastern, southern and north-eastern flanks. Pockets of areas in the northwestern, southeastern, eastern and central parts of the metropolis are practically non-corrosive with resistivity values in excess of 200 Ωm. Zones of good, moderate, weak and poor overburden protective capacity were delineated, with longitudinal conductance (S) values of 0.7 < S < 4.9, 0.2 < S < 0.69, 0.1 < S < 0.19 and S < 0.1 mhos, respectively. On a regional consideration, 23.31%, 18.80% and 57.9% of the study area is characterised by overburden materials of poor, weak and moderate protective capacity, respectively. Only 6.02% of the area indicates good overburden protective capacity.

scholarly journals Identification of Probable Iron Ore using Ground Magnetic Exploration Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1798-1801
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Ground Magnetic ◽  
Rule Out

Geophysics is one of the branches of natural science which is concerned with the physical process and physical properties of the earth. Exploration physics is the sub branch of the geophysics which is very important for any mining related activities. The exploration activities help the mining industries to locate the probable mineral or ore reserve. There is various physical method of exploration process such as, seismic, gravitational, electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic to locate the position and volume of mineral by direct or indirect approach. In this paper, an identification study was performed using ground magnetic technique to identify the probable iron ore in the site under the study. In the current ground magnetic study, it was observed that the, it is a confident suggestion that iron ore is available in this area. As per the conducted field analysis, the ore bodies available in this area are floats, deposited and in order to rule out this concept Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique was recommended.

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