The Effect Of Heating Acrylic Resin Of Various Types With Different Temperatures On Impact Strength

Resin polymerization which is affected by unstable temperature causes the resin to break easily. The strength of the base material is affected by the forces acting in the mouth, such as transverse forces, other resistance or fatigue, and flexibility. Fracture of denture caused by masticatory loads and is affected by forces acting in the mouth, including transverse, resistance or fatigue, and flexural forces. Experimental Laboratory total of 72 samples consisting of 18 samples of type A, B and C cured at normal temperature, 100oC, 200oC, and 300oC. Types A, B and C have the effect of heating with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of acrylic resin, because the value of sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected. An effect with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of the resin types A, B and C, because sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, which means that the average results are significantly different due to differences in temperature.

Sensitivity and Resolution of Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method for Gas Hydrate Stable Zone

Natural gas hydrate is one of the most important clean energies and part of carbon cycle, due to the least carbon content. Natural gas hydrates depend on high pressure and low temperatures, located under seabed or permafrost. Small changes in temperature and pressure may lead gas hydrates to separate into water and gas, commonly as methane. As a powerful greenhouse gas, methane is much stronger than carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the gas hydrates stable zone (GHSZ) before the methane gas escapes from GHSZ. Marine controlled source electromagnetic method (CSEM) is a useful tool to detect gas hydrate in offshore. The results from 3D CSEM method are a resistivity cube to describe the distribution of gas hydrates. In order to study the detectability of CSEM method, we simulate the sensitivity and resolution of marine CSEM synthetic data. By using the sensitivity and resolution, a simple statement may be quickly judged on the existence and occurrence range of the natural gas hydrate. In this paper, we compare the resolution of marine CSEM method with various transverse resistance. This information may help researchers find out whether the GHSZ exists or not.

On the Origin of the Anomalous Sign Reversal in the Hall Effect in Nb Thin Films

We re-visit the anomalous sign reversal problem in the Hall effect of sputtered Nb thin films. We find that the anomalous sign reversal in the Hall effect is extremely sensitive to a small tilting of the magnetic field and to the magnitude of the applied current. Large anomalous variations are also observed in the symmetric part of the transverse resistance R xy . We suggest that the surface current loops on superconducting grains at the edges of the superconducting thin films may be responsible for the Hall sign reversal and the accompanying anomalous effects in the symmetric part of R xy .

Time-Lapse CSEM Monitoring: Correlating the Anomalous Transverse Resistance with SoPhiH Maps

The CSEM method, which is frequently used as a risk-reduction tool in hydrocarbon exploration, is finally moving to a new frontier: reservoir monitoring and surveillance. In the present work, we present a CSEM time-lapse interpretation workflow. One essential aspect of our workflow is the demonstration of the linear relationship between the anomalous transverse resistance, an attribute extracted from CSEM data inversion, and the SoPhiH attribute, which is estimated from fluid-flow simulators. Consequently, it is possible to reliably estimate SoPhiH maps from CSEM time-lapse surveys using such a relationship. We demonstrate our workflow’s effectiveness in the mature Marlim oilfield by simulating the CSEM time-lapse response after 30 and 40 years of seawater injection and detecting the remaining sweet spots in the reservoir. The Marlim reservoirs are analogous to several turbidite reservoirs worldwide, which can also be appraised with the proposed workflow. The prediction of SoPhiH maps by using CSEM data inversion can significantly improve reservoir time-lapse characterization.

Aquifer evaluation in parts of north-central Nigeria from geo-electrical derived parameters

In order to reduce the level of risk associated with borehole drilling, it is important to have detailed knowledge about the aquifer distribution. In a view to generating groundwater potential model of Lokoja and its environs, the detailed subsurface characterization was carried out using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approach. One hundred and twenty-four vertical electrical sounding (VES) data points were covered within the study area using the Schlumberger array of electrical resistivity surveys. Hydrogeological investigation of one hundred and twenty-four existing boreholes within the vicinity of the sounded VES points was carried out by measuring in situ parameters of each borehole such as borehole depth, elevation, static water level and borehole yield. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis-Analytical Hierarchy Process (MCDA)-AHP-based was carried out by estimating the probabilistic ratings for the classes of parameters used for modeling groundwater potential. Four groundwater potential influencing factors, namely coefficient of anisotropy, transverse resistance, aquifer resistivity and aquifer thickness, were classified and rated. The output of the multi-criteria decision analysis was processed in the GIS environment to produce a groundwater potential index map. The obtained model was validated by comparing it with in situ borehole yield data to determine the accuracy of the proposed model. The groundwater potential map generated classified the study area into low, medium and high yield zones. Areas with medium potential zones dominate the largest part of the with 66% area coverage, and the dominance of these zones was visible in the northern and western part of the study area. Areas with high groundwater potential exist toward the southern and eastern sections of the study area. This area was observed to be underlined with sandstone, siltstone and migmatite. The validation exercise carried out on the proposed model reveals a 70% prediction accuracy.

Hydro-Geoelectrical Study for Groundwater Potential of Lassa And Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

Twenty-two Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration. It was observed that H-curve is the dominant curve type in the study area. The Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of topsoil, highly weather basement, partly fractured basement and fresh basement. The first layer has an average thickness and resistivity of 1 m and 130 Ωm, respectively. The second layer has an average thickness of 14 m and an average resistivity of 53 Ωm. The third layer is partly fracture basement with an average resistivity of 747 Ωm while at some VES point represents fresh basement. The highly weathered basement and partly fracture basement layer make up the water bearing formation of the area. Dar-Zarrouk parameter revealed that the area under study has protective capacity range from weak to good capacity of the overburden material. Areas that are classified as poor and weak are indicative areas are thus vulnerable to infiltration of leachate and other surface contaminations. The groundwater potential of the area ranges from low to moderate potential; the moderate zone constitutes 86% while the low potential constitutes 14% of the study area. The transverse resistance within the study area ranges from 119.6 to 6983.7 ohms-m2 with an average value of 1024.59 ohms-m2. Hydraulic conductivity values determined from geoelectrical technique range from 3.05 to 38.04 m/day with an average value of 14.86 m/day.

Estimation of Dar-Zarrouk parameters and delineation of groundwater potential zones in Karlahi, part of Adamawa Massif, Northeastern Nigeria

Karlahi is largely underlain by granites and migmatites gneiss of the Adamawa Massif. The area lies west of Benue Trough and east of Cameroon volcanic line. The aim of this paper is to determine hydraulic properties of water bearing layer using parameters derived from Dar-Zarrouk equation and characterized them into groundwater potential zones. The resistivity values of the weathered and slightly weathered layers which make up the water bearing layers were added and an average was taken and used as the resistivity of the water bearing formation in computation of Dar-Zarrouk parameters in Karlahi area. The values of resistivity of water bearing formation ranged from 18 to 4963 Ωm with an average resistivity value of 549 Ωm and the thickness of the water bearing formation ranges from 21 to 32 m with an average thickness of 24.5 m. Conductivity values range from 0.000201 to 0.05509 (σ) while the longitudinal conductance range from 0.00483 to 1.2363 Ω-1, the transverse resistance ranges from 407 to 123504.3 Ωm2. The hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity values range from 0.14 to 25.87 m/day and 3.28 to 580.4 m2/day respectively. The longitudinal conductance values in Karlahi area revealed poor to good with an average longitudinal conductance value that is moderate. High transverse resistance values are located in the central and southern part of Karlahi area while low values are located in the eastern part. The spatial distribution map of transmissivity in the area revealed moderate to high transmissivity values in the north central part and a negligible to low transmissivity in southern part, extreme northeastern part. The groundwater potential map of Karlahi area shows negligible to weak potential groundwater zones in SW and SE, moderate potential in the central to northern part of Karlahi area.

Dar Zarrouk Parameters for delineation of groundwater potentials in Ganye and Environs, Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria

Groundwater is the main source of water supply in areas in Nigeria including the research area. The research is aimed at delineating groundwater potentials in Ganye and environs using Dar Zarrouk parameters. Fourteen (14) vertical electrical soundings were conducted across the study area in order to determine Dar Zarrouk parameters to determine groundwater potentials in Ganye and environs. The area is underlain by migmatite-gneiss and Pan African granites. Weathered/fractured basement constitute the aquifer type in the area. The aquifer conductivity in the study area range between 0.00871 to 0.032032 ?-1 with mean value of 0.019493 ?-1. The aquifer longitudinal conductance ranges between 0.22246 to 0.759252 with mean value of 0.432846. The transverse resistance range between 627.8721 to 1,857.282 ?m2 with average value of 1,235.854 ?m2. The aquifer hydraulic conductivity range between 6.9314 to 15.562 m/day with mean value of 9.738 m/day while the transmissivity across the study area range between 114.2152 to 378.774 m2/day with mean value of 216.0487 m2/day.

Overview on Manufacturing of Tiles from Plastic Waste

Plastic waste is a non-biodegradable waste which cannot decompose and this creates water, land pollution and air pollution. Also, while we burn the plastic waste in Dumping Ground, the percentage of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that the plastic waste will double after a decade as we use hundred grades of plastic in our daily life. We can recycle, reuse the plastic waste. As a civil engineer we have to innovate something new related to this, which is a boon for civil engineering. So, here we try to do something innovative as reuse of plastic waste for the production of floor tiles. The present investigation at manufacturing Floor tiles using waste plastic in different properties with Fly ash, without use of cement and comparing it with the normal cement tiles. To evaluate different physical and mechanical properties, tests like water absorption test, transverse resistance, resistance of impact and abrasion resistance tests were carried out as per IS specifications on the plastic tile and these test results were compared with normal cement tiles. The results obtained have shown better result compared to normal tile. As per this study it can considered to use plastic waste as a binding material instead of cement in manufacture of floor tiles. However, we generally use two to three types of polymers to make tiles,” Paras explains. High-density polyethene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and sometimes Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE). “We mix 15 per cent of fillers while recycling the plastics, to make it more tensile and durable.