scholarly journals Electrified water as a regulator of cell proliferation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Pivovarenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Charged Water

It was previously found that the electric charge of water determines its ability to interact with other substances, including biologically significant ones. It is shown here that the electric charge of water can also determine its ability to penetrate and accumulate in living cells. In particular, it has been shown that the high penetrating ability of positively charged water determines both its active penetration into cells and accumulation in them, which creates favourable conditions for cell proliferation. At the same time, it has been shown that the low penetrating ability of negatively charged water determines its ability to slow down cell proliferation. It also discusses how medics can obtain and use water at different charges.

Effects of electric charge on hydraulic conductivity of pulmonary interstitium

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1928-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lai-Fook ◽  
L. V. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Charged Membrane ◽  
Isolated Segment ◽  
Positively Charged

The hydraulic conductivity of pulmonary interstitium was measured in a short isolated segment of interstitium surrounding a large pulmonary artery (1-3 mm diam) of the rabbit. The flow rate of the following solutions was measured sequentially: normal saline, polycation protamine sulfate (0.08 mg/ml), cationic dextran (0.1 or 1.5%) or anionic dextran (0.1 or 1.5%), and hyaluronidase (testes, 0.02%) solution. The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.35-7.40. The ratios of the flow of protamine sulfate and cationic dextran to that of saline averaged 2.3 +/- 0.92 (SD, n = 7) and 3.0 +/- 1.2 (n = 6), respectively. The anionic dextran-to-saline flow ratio averaged 0.72 +/- 0.28 (n = 13). Flow increased in the presence of positively charged molecules and decreased in the presence of negatively charged molecules. At a lower pH of 5.0-6.0, only 0.1% cationic dextran had an effect on interstitial conductivity. Thus pulmonary interstitium at physiological pH has the properties of a negatively charged membrane. The increased interstitial conductivity caused by the positively charged molecules was not observed after treatment with hyaluronidase. These effects of electric charge on interstitial conductivity were partly attributed to the presence in the interstitium of negatively charged hyaluronan.

scholarly journals Magnesium suppresses defects in the formation of 70S ribosomes as well as in sporulation caused by lack of several individual ribosomal proteins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genki Akanuma ◽  
Kotaro Yamazaki ◽  
Yuma Yagishi ◽  
Yuka Iizuka ◽  
Morio Ishizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
70S Ribosome ◽  
Ribosome Formation

ABSTRACTIndividually, the ribosomal proteins L1, L23, L36 and S6 are not essential for cell proliferation ofB. subtilis, but the absence of any one of these ribosomal proteins causes a defect in the formation of the 70S ribosomes and a reduced growth rate. In mutant strains individually lacking these ribosomal proteins, the cellular Mg2+content was significantly reduced. The deletion of YhdP, an exporter of Mg2+, and overexpression of MgtE, the main importer of Mg2+, increased the cellular Mg2+content and restored the formation of 70S ribosomes in these mutants. The increase in the cellular Mg2+content improved the growth rate of the ΔrplA(L1) and the ΔrplW(L23) mutant but did not restore those of the ΔrpmJ(L36) and the ΔrpsF(S6) mutants. The lack of L1 caused a decrease in the production of Spo0A, the master regulator of sporulation, resulting in a decreased sporulation frequency. However, deletion ofyhdPand overexpression ofmgtEincreased the production of Spo0A and partially restored the sporulation frequency in the ΔrplA(L1) mutant. These results indicate that Mg2+can partly complement the function of several ribosomal proteins, probably by stabilizing the conformation of the ribosome.IMPORTANCEWe previously reported that an increase in the cellular Mg2+content can suppress defects in 70S ribosome formation and growth rate caused by the absence of ribosomal protein L34. In the present study, we demonstrated that even in mutants lacking individual ribosomal proteins other than L34 (L1, L23, L36 and S6), an increase in the cellular Mg2+content could restore the 70S ribosome formation. Moreover, the defect in sporulation caused by the absence of L1 was also suppressed by an increase in the cellular Mg2+content. These findings indicate that at least part of the function of these ribosomal proteins can be complemented by Mg2+, which is essential for all living cells.

New method of energy–mass dispersion applied to mass spectral data from positively charged water vapor clusters

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1462-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E Walrafen ◽  
Hugh R Carlon
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
Mass Dispersion ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Charged Water

A new method is presented by which energy–mass, volume–mass, and enthalpy–mass dispersion curves may be determined for charged water vapor clusters. This method involves two closely spaced partial pressures at a fixed temperature. The method is exemplified by using mass spectral data from positively charged water vapor clusters (H+(H2O)M) where 6 ≤ M ≤ 45. A ΔG–mass dispersion was also determined using the ΔH–mass dispersion for comparison. ΔG displays an enormous minimum, which is of signal importance because it indicates that a size of maximum stability (SMS) exists. The SMS corresponds to M = 13 for pressures between 0.056 and 0.151 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) at 373.15 K, and to M = 32±1 for pressures between 0.473 and 0.556 bar at 372.15 K. The free energy corresponding to M = 45 occurs far above that corresponding to the SMS. The resultant instability leads to condensation for pressures above 0.556 bar at 372.15 K.Key words: clusters, mass spectrometry, thermodynamics, water vapour.

scholarly journals The Expanding Role of Vesicles Containing Aquaporins

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Martinez-Ballesta ◽  
Paula Garcia-Ibañez ◽  
Lucía Yepes-Molina ◽  
Juan Rios ◽  
Micaela Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Other Substances

In animals and plants, membrane vesicles containing proteins have been defined as key for biological systems involving different processes such as trafficking or intercellular communication. Docking and fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane occur in living cells in response to different stimuli, such as environmental changes or hormones, and therefore play an important role in cell homeostasis as vehicles for certain proteins or other substances. Because aquaporins enhance the water permeability of membranes, their role as proteins immersed in vesicles formed of natural membranes is a recent topic of study. They regulate numerous physiological processes and could hence serve new biotechnological purposes. Thus, in this review, we have explored the physiological implications of the trafficking of aquaporins, the mechanisms that control their transit, and the proteins that coregulate the migration. In addition, the importance of exosomes containing aquaporins in the cell-to-cell communication processes in animals and plants have been analyzed, together with their potential uses in biomedicine or biotechnology. The properties of aquaporins make them suitable for use as biomarkers of different aquaporin-related diseases when they are included in exosomes. Finally, the fact that these proteins could be immersed in biomimetic membranes opens future perspectives for new biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Killing tumours by ceramide-induced apoptosis: a critique of available drugs

2003 ◽  
Vol 371 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman S. RADIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Over 1000 research papers have described the production of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by interventions that elevate the cell content of ceramide (Cer). Other interventions, which lower cellular Cer, have been found to interfere with apoptosis induced by other agents. Some studies have shown that slowing the formation of proliferation-stimulating sphingolipids also induces apoptosis. These relationships are due to the two different aspects of Cer: Cer itself produces apoptosis, but metabolic conversion of Cer into either sphingosine 1-phosphate or glucosphingolipids leads to cell proliferation. The balance between these two aspects is missing in cancer cells, and yet intervention by stimulating or blocking only one or two of the pathways in Cer metabolism is very likely to fail. This results from two properties of cancer cells: their high mutation rate and the preferential survival of the most malignant cells. Tumours treated with only one or two drugs that elevate Cer can adjust the uncontrolled processes to either maintain or to ‘aggravate’ the excessive growth, angiogenesis and metastasis characteristics of tumours. These treatments might simply elevate the production of growth factors, receptors and other substances that reduce the effectiveness of Cer. Tumour cells that do not adapt in this way undergo apoptosis, leaving the adapted cells free to grow and, ultimately, to ‘subdue’ their host. Thus it is important to kill every type of cancer cell present in the tumour rapidly and simultaneously, using as many different agents to control as many pathways as possible. To aid this approach, this article catalogues many of the drugs that act on different aspects of Cer metabolism. The techniques described here may lead to the development of practical chemotherapy for cancer and other diseases of excess proliferation.

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