scholarly journals A preliminary investigation of endophytic fungal diversity at Hope, East Coast Demerara, Guyana

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 044-048
Author(s):  
Kimberly Craig ◽  
Abdullah Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
White Mangrove

Foliar endophytic fungi spend a part of their life cycle on the leaves of plants. They may demonstrate no apparent symptoms but may also cause disease at a later time in the plant’s life. Studies investigating foliar fungal endophytes of mangroves are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the foliar fungal endophytes present on the leaves of three mangrove species: namely Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and White mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The study site was an area located at Hope, East Coast Demerara, and South America, Guyana. Out of sixty (60) leaf samples that were prepared, fourteen (14) fungal isolates were identified. Most of the fungi isolated in the study were found to be Hyphomycetes (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Curvularia) while the others were Zygomorphic (Mucor and Rhizopus). The ANOVA calculations for the isolates from the three mangrove species were found to not be statistically significant. R mangle was the preferred host out of the three (3) species. The findings of this study confirm that mangroves have rich endophytic diversity and demonstrate rich research and biochemical potential.

Brazilian peppertree and mangrove species response to foliar-applied novel auxin-type herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
James K. Leary ◽  
Candice M. Prince ◽  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Dwight K. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Geographic Remoteness

AbstractBrazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) is an invasive shrub that is problematic in both freshwater wetlands and brackish mangrove communities. The complex structure, geographic remoteness, and general herbicide sensitivity of mangrove systems have resulted in great technical challenges for managers attempting selective S. terebinthifolia control. Recent advances in auxin herbicide technologies warrant herbicide screening to address this growing problem. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate four non-target mangrove species and S. terebinthifolia response to the three herbicides: aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, and florpyrauxifen-benyzl. Aminocyclopyrachlor controlled S. terebinthifolia, but was highly injurious to black mangrove [Avicennia germinans (L.) L.], red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.), white mangrove [Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn.], and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus L.). Aminopyralid also controlled S. terebinthifolia but its impact varied across mangrove species. Laguncularia racemosa and C. erectus were highly sensitive to aminopyralid, R. mangle exhibited dose-dependent tolerance, and A. germinans was highly tolerant. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl failed to control S. terebinthifolia and resulted in severe injury to all four mangrove species. These results indicate differential responses to newer auxins in both the target response and non-target plant community of interest. The efficacy of aminopyralid on S. terebinthifolia, coupled with its selectivity on A. germinans warrants further testing.

scholarly journals The effects of selective cutting on the dominance and the relative density of mangrove species in the complex of the Guaxindiba river/Engenheiro Antonio Resende channel, Rio de Janeiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Paiva CHAGAS ◽  
Carlos Eduardo REZENDE ◽  
Elaine BERNINI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Selective Cutting ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Janeiro State

This study evaluated the effect of selective cutting on the dominance and the relative density of mangrove species in the Complex of the Guaxindiba River/Engenheiro Antonio Resende Channel, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Ten plots were demarcated along the estuary and within each plot measurements were taken of the diameter at breast height (DBH) for individuals > 2.5 cm. Measurements of selective cutting and regrowth were made for the different species. The cutting of vegetation was registered in 9 of the 10 plots analyzed and varied from 2 to 43%. 4. There was no relation between the percent of trunks cut and the proximity of residential areas. Selective cutting was found for Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa, but only L. racemosa presented regrowth. The results suggest that L. racemosa is more highly affected by selective cutting when compared to the other species, though this impact did not modify the species dominance and the relative density in the mangrove analyzed due to the high regrowth of L. racemosa. Keywords: mangrove, estuary, conservation, vegetation

scholarly journals First Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Isolated from Mangrove in Mexico and the Antagonist Effect of Trichoderma harzianum as an Effective Biocontrol Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-475
Author(s):  
Mayra I. Grano-Maldonado ◽  
Rosalio Ramos-Payan ◽  
Fernando Rivera-Chaparro ◽  
Maribel Aguilar-Medina ◽  
José Geovanni Romero-Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Fusarium Sp

The aim of this study was to characterize potential fungal species affecting mangrove species in Mexico. The phytopathogens were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) primers then sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Three fungal species were identified as <i>Colletotrichum queenslandicum</i> (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from black mangrove (<i>Avicennia germinans</i>); <i>Colletotrichum ti</i> (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from white mangrove (<i>Laguncularia racemosa</i>) and buttonwood mangrove (<i>Conocarpus erectus</i>); <i>Fusarium equiseti</i> (Corda) from red mangrove (<i>Rhizophora mangle</i>). In addition, <i>C. ti</i> and <i>F. equiseti</i> were identified from mango <i>Mangifera indica</i> L. sampled close by the mangrove area. This study provides first evidence of anthracnose on four mangrove species caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> species in the “Términos” coastal lagoon in Campeche State southern Mexico. This is the first time that <i>C. queenslandicum</i> and <i>C. ti</i> are reported in Mexico. <i>F. equiseti</i> has not been reported affecting <i>M. indica</i> and <i>R. mangle</i> until the present work. Little is known regarding fungal diseases affecting mangroves in Mexico. These ecosystems are protected by Mexican laws and may be threatened by these pathogenic fungus. This is the first report of the effect of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> TRICHO-SIN as an effective biological control against of <i>Colletotrichum</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> species.

scholarly journals Reproductive phenology and influence of abiotic variables for two mangrove species in northeastern Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Lage-Pinto ◽  
Pedro Silva Fernando ◽  
Alan Felix Meyer Carletto ◽  
Elaine Bernini
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Flowering Rhythm

Abstract Information on plant phenological patterns aids in understanding the structure and functioning of ecosystems and support restoration projects in degraded areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive phenology of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa in a mangrove forest in the Mamanguape River estuary in northeastern Brazil. The characterization was performed monthly from July 2016 to June 2017. We applied circular statistics to detect seasonal trends, calculated intra-specific synchrony, and performed regressions between the reproductive phenophases and the abiotic variables. Avicennia germinans exhibits seasonal responses to floral buds, flowers at anthesis, and fruit, with one reproductive episode per year (annual pattern). Laguncularia racemosa has no seasonal response, with one reproductive episode per year for floral buds (annual pattern) and two episodes for flowers at anthesis and fruits (subannual pattern). Reproductive phenophases of A. germinans exhibited higher intra-specific synchrony than L. racemosa. We provide evidence that temperature, solar radiation and rainfall are important drivers of the flowering rhythm in both species. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the species exhibited different phenological responses, even though they were subjected to the same abiotic conditions.

scholarly journals THE RECOVERY OF A DEGRADED MANGROVE IN CEARÁ THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. (Combretaceae) AND Avicennia sp. Stapf ex Ridl (Acanthaceae) SEEDLINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lídia de Sousa Paula ◽  
Brena Késia de Sousa Lima ◽  
Rafaela Camargo Maia
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

ABSTRACT The mangrove ecosystem performs several natural functions of great ecological and economic importance. This study provided procedures for the recovery of mangrove ecosystems through the characterization of vegetation and zonation patterns and evaluation of growth and survival rates of mangrove species in an experimental plantation. The study was performed in the Acaraú River estuary mangrove on the western coast of Ceará State. The characterization of vegetation was conducted with the use of multiple plots and transects replication. Plants were identified at the species level, and their heights and CBH (circumference at breast height) were measured in each plot. Seedlings of the dominant mangrove species were produced using estuarine propagules. Five mangrove species were sampled: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Conocarpus erectus. L. racemosa was the most dominant and frequent species, followed by A. germinas. A total of 111 L. racemosa and 102 Avicennia sp seedlings of were produced. Seedlings were viable for replanting within two months. The results of the analysis of vegetation structure and production and growth of seedlings are encouraging and demonstrate that revegetation is not only possible but also successful in this significantly deforested and degraded mangrove.

scholarly journals Diversity of mangrove fungal endophytes from selected mangrove species of coastal Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Helen M. Kiti ◽  
Cosmas N. Munga ◽  
Josiah O. Odalo ◽  
Paul M. Guyo ◽  
Cromwell M. Kibiti
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Gazi Bay

Endophytes are bacteria or fungi living asymptomatically in the internal tissues of plants. They are symbiotic in nature and can be exploited for novel bioactive metabolites with applications in agriculture, medicine and industry. Mangrove fungal endophytes from the marine environment are abundant and have been recognized as sources of bioactive natural products. The study was designed to isolate, purify and identify mangrove fungal endophytes from selected common mangrove species of Gazi Bay, Tudor and Mida creek on the Kenya coast. The colonization rate and isolation rate of the mangrove fungal endophytes were determined. The studied mangrove species were Rhizophora mucronata (red mangrove), Sonneratia alba (mangrove apple), Avicennia marina (grey or white mangrove), and Ceriops tagal (spurred mangrove). Samples from twigs of these mangrove species were collected and analyzed using standard methods. Isolation of pure cultures of the endophytes was performed using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) incubated at 28 ± 1ºC for 5 days. The fungal isolates were identified under a light microscope based on colony morphology characteristics, type and presentation of conidiophores and conidia. A total of 18 different mangrove fungal endophytes were identified and these belonged to 5 genera. These were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cephalosporium and Blastomyces, with Aspergillus being the most dominant genus. Tudor Creek recorded the highest fungal community diversity (H’ = 1.35) and Gazi Bay had the lowest diversity (H’ = 0.45). Fungal community similarity based on the identified genera was highest between Gazi Bay and Mida Creek (0.80) and lowest between Tudor Creek and Mida Creek (0.57). The selected mangrove species recorded a colonization rate of endophytic fungi of between 38.9 – 94.4 % with the highest habitation being associated with S. alba and C. tagal. There were differences and similarities in the colonization rate within mangrove species across study sites. Findings of this study have confirmed that the selected mangrove species exhibit high diversity of fungal endophytes with host recurrence and spatial heterogeneity.

scholarly journals VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF MANGROVE PRESENCE IN THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE EAST COAST OF THE BAJA CALIFORNIA PENINSULA, MEXICO

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Francisco O. López -Fuerte ◽  
Mónica G. Rivera ◽  
Gabriela Cruz -Piñón
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Baja California Peninsula ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
San Carlos

Verificación y validación de la presencia de manglar en la porción central de la costa oriental de la Península de Baja California, México Para verificar y/o validar la existencia de manglar en cuatro localidades de la porción central de la costa oriental de Baja California Sur, se realizó un recorrido en lancha desde la laguna costera San Lucas (27⁰ 14.8´ N; 112⁰ 12´ O) hasta el estero San Carlos (27° 42ʹ 13ʺ N, 112° 38ʹ 24ʺ O). Se verificó la ausencia de manglar en Campo Camacho, Santa Ana y San Carlos. La laguna costera San Lucas fue la única con presencia de manglar y los parámetros estructurales de este manglar indican tipologías de manglares de borde y enanos, los cuales se encontraron formando franjas paralelas a la línea de costa de entre 5 y 25 m de ancho. La cobertura total estimada mediante la digitalización de imágenes satelitales fue de 50 ha, lo que representó el 11% de la extensión de la laguna. La especie dominante fue Rhizophora mangle con el 44% de cobertura y altura promedio de 2.08 m (DE ± 0.41) con un intervalo de altura de 1.60–2.80 m, seguida por Avicennia germinans con 36% de cobertura, altura promedio de 2.4 m (DE ± 0.94) y un intervalo de 0.20–3.5 m y por último, Laguncularia racemosa con el 20% de cobertura, altura promedio de 2.40 m (DE ± 0.41) y un intervalo de 1.90–3 m.

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