Tebang Pilih Mengubah Keanekaragaman Semut Tanah Hutan di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia

This study assesses the short-term effects of selective cutting on the diversity of ground ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the secondary rainforest. Ground ants were collected using a pitfall trap in a circular sample plot of 0.5 ha. A total of nine sample plots were randomly placed in a 98-ha cutting compartment. Fifteen pitfall traps were planted in each circular plot. A total of 135 pitfall traps were established in the cutting compartment. The average cutting intensity of 8 trees/haas applied in the cutting compartment. Insect sampling and measurement of environmental factors were carried before cutting and two days after cutting. In this study, the abundance, diversity, species richness, and evenness index of ground ants before cutting compared to after cutting. The results of this study indicated that the short-term impact of selective cutting on ground ants was varied. Selective cutting may increase or decrease the abundance and morphospecies composition of ground ants. The abundance of forager and ground-dwelling omnivores increased after selective cutting, whereas for the predator, scavenger, and seed disperser ants were decreased after selective cutting. Keywords: biodiversity, forest conservation, ground ant, selective cutting

Residual Trees Response to Selective Cutting Operations in Caspian Forests

Damages to residual trees caused by felling operation were assessed in the stands of a Caspian hardwood forest. Following the felling operation, a field survey was done to collect data of all residual trees (species, DBH, height) and of tree wounds (size class, location, intensity of damage). Different harvesting intensities were studied, and treatments were replicated three times. The results showed that the treatment with the medium and high harvest intensity was found to cause the highest percentage of damage and the largest stem wounds. It is concluded that harvesting intensity should be limited to 3 trees/ha during each harvesting operation to reduce the extent of tree damage and thus future financial loss.

The Study of Silviculture System for Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) Application at PT Intracawood Manufacturing Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan

Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural systems and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) are two of the five silvicultural systems that have been determined by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. P.11 / Menhut-II / 2009 juncto P.65 / Menhut-II / 2014 concerning silvicultural systems in the area of timber forest product utilization permits (IUPHHK) in production forests. Three other silvicultural systems based on the regulation are the Gap Logging silviculture system, the Fully Made Rejuvenation System, and the Multi Silviculture System. This study aims to examine the implementation of the TPTJ and TPTI systems in the PT Intracawood Manufacturing (PT Intraca) area, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The methodology of this research is through the approach of growth analysis, comparison of stand increment, observation of environmental conditions, interviews and literature study. Based on the field research, it was found that the diameter increments of Shorea leprosula, Shorea dasyphila, and Shorea parvifolia were greater in the TPTJ system compared to TPTI. However, the TPTI silviculture system at PT Intraca is easier to apply in the field than the TPTJ silviculture system. The TPTJ system has become less effective because planting in the TPTJ system has been carried out by making a 3-meter wide track with a length of approximately 1 km in a plot and if there is potential for the wood to become ineffective. In the area of PT Intraca, to improve the effectiveness of the TPTJ system a mosaic system is used where the planting path is made only in areas with less potential and representative for planting. The types of plants planted in the TPTJ system are far superior, perspective, and are faster than the types of plants in the TPTI system. Planting/enrichment in the TPTI system is easier because it does not need to make a planting path. Planting with seedlings from the extraction is only a transfer from the growth of tillers from areas with an excessive potential for tillers.

Temporal effects of cutting intensity on Diptera assemblages in eastern Borneo rainforest Indonesia

Budiaman A, Haneda NF, Indahwati, Febrian D, Rahmah LN . 2020. Temporal effects of cutting intensity on Diptera assemblages in eastern Borneo rainforest Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1074-1081. Studies on the effects of varying cutting intensity on the abundance and species richness of Diptera in tropical rainforest are limited, particularly in Southeast Asia region. The aim of the study was to assess the temporal effect of cutting intensity on Diptera community in tropical rainforest in the eastern Borneo rainforest, Indonesia, which was logged using the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting system. The field study was carried out in 2016. Responses of Diptera to the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting systems in the eastern Borneo rainforest, Indonesia were examined. We compared the abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera before cutting and after cutting at three different treatments: low cutting intensity, medium cutting intensity and high cutting intensity. Diptera was collected using a malaise trap. Selective cutting of tropical rainforest altered biodiversity of Diptera. The abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera were greater after cutting than before cutting at all cutting intensities. Our study showed that cutting intensity did not significantly affect the abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera. Results of the study clearly indicated that the percentage of forest canopy cover could be a single predictor for abundance and morphospecies composition of Diptera in the natural rainforest of eastern Borneo, Indonesia.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SOIL MACROFAUNA IN THE ARBOREAL CAATINGA

ABSTRACT Forest management can lead to numerous changes of different magnitudes in the composition and diversity of soil organisms, according to the level of interference with the habitat. Within this context, this study aimed to test the influence of different types of forest management on the edaphic macrofauna community in a region of arboreal Caatinga. The study was carried out in Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, Contendas do Sincorá - Bahia. The experimental area consisted of three types of management (clear cutting, selective cutting by diameter at breast height and selective cutting by species), and a condition of unmanaged Caatinga, which was used as control. The macrofauna was sampled twice a year (March and November) using the soil monolith method. Densities, total number of individuals, total richness, average richness, and Shannon and Pielou rates were estimated. The soil macrofauna was shown to be sensitive to different forest management practices, which indicates that selective cutting is a more conservative system to manage the Caatinga. Among these, selective cutting by species proved to be less impacting on the soil macrofauna, providing more expressive diversity and abundance indexes, and the occurrence of more demanding organisms in microclimate conditions, characteristic of preserved areas. The predominant groups of edaphic fauna, both in the unmanaged as in managed Caatinga, were Isoptera, Formicidae, Chilopoda, and Coleoptera Larvae.

Short Communication: Growth patterns of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata in Borneo’s forest managed with Selective Cutting with Line Replanting System

Tirkaamiana MT, Partasasmita R. Kamarubayana L. 2019. Growth patterns of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata in Borneo’s forest managed with Selective Cutting with Line Replanting System. Biodiversitas 20: 1160-1165. Dryobalanops lanceolata is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae, which indigenous of Borneo. It is found in at least five protected areas (Kabilli-Sepilok Forest Reserve, Danum Valley Conservation Area, Ulu Temburong, Lambir, and Gunung Mulu National Parks), but is threatened elsewhere due to habitat loss. The demand for its timber is very high, so it requires conservation efforts while at the same time maintaining its productivity to meet the timber demand. One of the efforts to increase productivity of production forest in Indonesia is implementing Selective Logging with Line Replanting System (TPTJ). In this system superior species are planted in the planting lines. This study aimed to determine the growth of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata planted in different planting line widths. Data of diameter increment of S. leprosula and D. lanceolata were obtained by observing 4 permanent sample plots (PUP) at concession areas of PT Balikpapan Forest Industries in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the average diameter increment of S. leprosula and D. lanceolata at the planting line width of 3 meters was 1.47cm/yr and 0.74 cm/yr respectively, and at the planting line width of 6 meters was 2.08 cm/yr and 1.14 cm/yr respectively. The differences in planting line width had very significant effect on the growth and diameter increment of S. leprosula, presumably due to the increase of light intensity to optimal level which accelerates stomata opening and transpiration rate, thus affecting the rate of photosynthesis.