scholarly journals Neurocognitive deficits among adult road traffic accident victims at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-452
Author(s):  
Claudius Chisha Mwenya ◽  
Anatolii Tsarkov ◽  
Petro Petlovanyi ◽  
Ravi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are of growing public health importance worldwide contributing significantly to the global disease burden thus public health experts worldwide concede that there is a global epidemic of RTAs. Exposure to RTAs may be associated with changes in brain functioning and cognitive performance. Objective: This study sought to contribute to the understanding of the neurocognitive deficits among adult victims of RTAs. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study (descriptive in nature). Cognitive profiles of the affected participants were assessed by selected tests from the International Neurobehavioral test battery. The quality of life was assessed by application of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire. The primary data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. Results: Twenty-seven (27) RTA victims out of Thirty (30) had executive functioning impairment with a Domain Deficit Score (DDS) of ≥ 0.5 and all the RTA victims in the study had speed of information processing impairment with a Domain Deficit Score (DDS) of ≥ 0.5. There was no significant statistical gender difference in neurocognitive functioning (Executive functioning F=0.85, P=0.36; Speed of information processing F=0.98, P=0.33). Compromised quality of life among adult victims of road traffic accidents was confirmed (P=0.005). Conclusion: This study shows an association between RTA and neurocognitive functioning in adult victims. Findings of this study show the presence of neuropsychological impairments in the two domains assessed (executive functioning and speed of information processing). The study indicates that RTA significantly compromises the quality of life.

Post-Traumatic Stress Impacts on Quality of Life in Children After Road Traffic Accidents: Prospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Landolt ◽  
Margarete E. Vollrath ◽  
Hanspeter E. Gnehm ◽  
Felix H. Sennhauser
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective: There is little knowledge on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of injured children and adolescents after road traffic accidents (RTA). Although findings in injured adults suggest that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may be important predictors of HRQOL, this issue has never been prospectively examined in children. The aim of the present study was therefore to prospectively assess HRQOL in children after RTA and specifically examine the impact of PTSS on HRQOL. Method: Sixty-eight children (aged 6.5–14.5 years) were interviewed 1 month and 1 year after an RTA using the Child PTSD Reaction Index and the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Academisch Ziekenhuis Leiden (TNO-AZL) Questionnaire for Children's Health-Related Quality of Life. Parents and physicians were assessed with questionnaires. Results: Eleven children (16.2%) showed moderate to severe post-traumatic stress reactions at 1 month, and 12 children (17.6%) at 1 year. At 1 month, patients reported reduced motor functioning and autonomy and impairments in some parts of emotional functioning compared to a community sample. At 1 year all dimensions of HRQOL were within or above normal ranges. Multivariate analysis indicated that PTSS at 1 month significantly predicted HRQOL at 1 year. Conclusions: This prospective study provides evidence for a long-term negative influence of early PTSS on HRQOL in injured children. The return of injured children to pre-injury HRQOL may therefore not only depend on optimal medical care but also on awareness and timely interventions regarding PTSS.

scholarly journals Community-Based Household Survey to Identify Disability Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Road Traffic Accidents in Ujjain, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Love Mehra ◽  
Ashish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

The objective of the study was to report the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following road traffic accidents (RTAs) among children. A community-based survey using EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) in Hindi was used to collected data from community. The survey included 2620 households from urban and rural areas of Ujjain, India. From these households 229 children aged 5–18 years with a history of RTA in the last 1 year were identified, with 27%, 63%, and 10% children reporting mild, moderate, and severe injury based on length of hospitalization. Motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians constituted most RTAs. Helmet use was low (12%). EQ-5D-5L revealed that the most severe and extreme problem was pain and discomfort, whereas the least severe problem was usual activity and self-care. The most common (65%) injuries were either abrasion or fracture and dislocation. EQ-5D-5L severity index was maximum (mean 72) for lower extremity injuries. The results of the present study highlight the ability and requirement for quality of life measurement using EQ-5D-5L among children post-RTA.

Quality of data on injured child car passengers in road traffic accidents.

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (s339) ◽  
pp. iv-xix
Author(s):  
S. ALEXANDERSSON ◽  
H GUSTAFSSON ◽  
A. NYGREN ◽  
C. TINGVALL
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Injured Child

scholarly journals METHOD OF COMPILING AND USING THE VEHICLES HISTORY AT THEIR TECHNICAL CONDITION STUDY IN THE TASKS IN DETERMINING THE FAILURE CAUSES OF THE UNITS AND ASSEMBLIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 594-605
Author(s):  
А. Khrulev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Warranty Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The article examines the expertise field of the technical condition study of the vehicles that are not related to road traffic accidents, but refer to the settlement of the disputes with the claims regarding the quality of a sold vehicle during its warranty period, as well as the quality of its maintenance and repair. It is noted that the occurrence of a failure existing at the time of the expert’s study may be associated with various events in the history of the vehicle. It is shown that the fault cause investigated by the expert can be actually located in one of the past events, and such events together make up the vehicle history, if they are arranged according to the chronology of the dates and / or run (running time) of the vehicle. A simple method for compiling and analyzing the vehicle history was proposed, which allows one to establish the fault causes of units and assemblies that are difficult or impossible to identify by other methods. By a typical example all the stages of compiling a vehicle history table was shown from the analysis of all the available documents and information up to analyzing the characteristic events and their symptoms in the history. This means the inclusion of all identified events in the history table, the allocation of characteristic events and their corresponding symptoms in the history, which can indicate the initial damage to the studied unit, the development of the damage or another characteristic event that is important for determination of the fault cause. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the analysis of the vehicle history is one of the possible ways to determine the fault cause of the complex units and assemblies. The developed simple method for compiling and analyzing the vehicle history table makes it possible to establish the fault causes that are difficult or impossible to identify by other methods. Using the proposed method in practice has shown its effectiveness in solving the expert tasks related to the technical condition study of the vehicles when considering disputes in connection with the claims to the quality of the vehicles or their repair.

scholarly journals Technology and Quality of Road Construction Projects in Kenya: A focus on Contractor’s Exposure to Technology in Machakos Sub-County

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Caroline Wachuka Muriithi ◽  
Mary Nyawira Mwenda
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Related Factors

Road traffic accidents are a menace to a developing country such as Kenya. The National Transport and Safety Authority website records over 57,171 cases of road traffic accidents NTSA [15]. Adopting the root cause analysis technique, it is crucial to determine and to solve the cause of a problem in order to have a permanent solution for it. This study focuses on road construction projects which are the actual onset of road traffic accidents. Occurrences of road traffic accidents are dependent on various factors ranging from the ideology of road construction projects to the operation of a sound or unsound vehicle on the road. Numerous studies have been done to research on the factors influencing quality of road construction projects but little has been done to determine how contractors related factors affect quality of road construction projects. Due to the research gap in the pool of knowledge, this study is aimed at identifying and analyzing how contractor’s exposure to technology influences the quality of road construction projects. The study area that was analyzed in this project was Machakos sub-county situated in the Lower Eastern region of Kenya. The study was guided by the objective: to establish influence of contractor’s exposure to technology on quality of road construction projects. This study applied Systems theory approach. A descriptive survey research design and a cross-sectional approach was used to collect quantitative data by use of close-ended questionnaires. The total target population was 223and a calculative formula adopted from Kothari [8] was used to acquire a sample size of 141 respondents. Stratified random sampling technique was applied on the sample size of 141 respondents to classify them into homogenous groups. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments and were issued to the respondents. The gathered data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the data being presented descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s product moment correlation procedure method was used to analyze the inferential statistic data and the results presented. In this study Spearman’s was used to measure the degree of association between the independent and dependent variables. On the influence of contractor’s exposure to technology, a composite mean of 3.74, standard deviation of 1.028 and a strong correlation value of 0.373 were achieved. The survey elicit conclusion was that quality of road construction projects in Machakos Sub-County was influenced by the independent variable.

Neurocognition in Psychometrically Defined College Schizotypy Samples: We Are NOT Measuring the “Right Stuff”

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Chun ◽  
Kyle S. Minor ◽  
Alex S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

AbstractAlthough neurocognitive deficits are an integral characteristic of schizophrenia, there is inconclusive evidence as to whether they manifest across the schizophrenia-spectrum. We conducted two studies and a meta-analysis comparing neurocognitive functioning between psychometrically defined schizotypy and control groups recruited from a college population. Study One compared groups on measures of specific and global neurocognition, and subjective and objective quality of life. Study Two examined working memory and subjective cognitive complaints. Across both studies, the schizotypy group showed notably decreased subjective (d = 1.52) and objective (d = 1.02) quality of life and greater subjective cognitive complaints (d = 1.88); however, neurocognition was normal across all measures (d's < .35). Our meta-analysis of 33 studies examining neurocognition in at-risk college students revealed between-group differences in the negligible effect size range for most domains. The schizotypy group demonstrated deficits of a small effect size for working memory and set-shifting abilities. Although at-risk individuals report relatively profound neurocognitive deficits and impoverished quality of life, neurocognitive functioning assessed behaviorally is largely intact. Our data suggest that traditionally defined neurocognitive deficits do not approximate the magnitude of subjective complaints associated with psychometrically defined schizotypy. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)

scholarly journals Survey on the Causes of Road Traffic Accidents in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Shaho Osman Mahmood ◽  
Sanny A Sallam ◽  
Iman H Wahdan ◽  
Khalid Anwar Hama Ghareeb ◽  
Yahya Adil Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Health Directorate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Drunken Driving ◽  
Age Range

Background: Due to the stability and economic development in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, increase in the number of traffic crashes has been one of the serious challenges that local authorities have faced with. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of road traffic accidents (RTAs), road traffic injuries (RTIs), and their causes in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted based on the data collected from the Health Directorate/ MOH and the Traffic Department/ Ministry of Interior in Sulaimaniyah. A questionnaire was also used to collect required data from RTA casualties who were admitted to Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital during a 6-month period from January first till the end of June 2014. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Based on the results obtained from Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital, there were 251 RTA victims in 2014 within the age range of 1 to 81 years. Moreover, RTAs led to the death of 270 and 280 individuals in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The main causes of RTAs were respectively over speeding (33%), the sudden appearance of a vehicle (13.9%), and vehicle slip (10.4%), speeding (48.7%), followed by drowsiness of the drivers (36.9%), and drunken driving (5.6%). Conclusion: In order to reduce RTAs, the overall quality of roads, quality of cars, and general driving skills should be improved. Moreover, for decreasing the rate of crashes inside the city, public transport modes such as tram or train should be prepared.

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