Multiple Fat- Containing Hepatic Hydatid Cysts: A Case Report in The X- Ray Institute at Medical City Health Directorate in Iraq

Background: Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis parasite which is still endemic in many countries all over the world especially in the developing countries. The liver is the primary site to be infested by the parasite with a rate of 60 – 75%. The right lobe of the liver gets infected in about 80% of cases. Hydatid disease of the liver is usually asymptomatic and most cases discovered accidentally on routine clinical or radiological examinations for other illness. Symptoms usually appear in complicated cases either due to rupture, secondary bacterial infection, or due to the large size of the cyst which might cause pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, discomfort, and sometimes swelling. In this case report, we reported the presence of fat globules within the hepatic hydatid cysts which is most probably due to rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts into the biliary tree. Keywords: Hepatic, hydatid cyst, fat globule and CT scan

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Penyakit Kecacingan Pada Siswa-Siswi Kelas 3 Dan 4 SD N 1 Sumber Agung Kemiling Bandar Lampung

ABSTRAK Kecacingan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia yang berkaitan erat dengan kondisi lingkungan. Kasus kecacingan di daerah bermacam-macam sesuai dari faktor penyebabnya seperti kelembaban, kondisi tanah, higiene sanitasi, kelompok umur yang diperiksa. Usia anak sekolah salah satu kelompok yang sering terjadi infeksi kecacingan. Kemenkes Ditjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan mengungkapkan bahwa dengan mencuci tangan dapat menurunkan kasus penyakit diare sebanyak 45%. Mencuci tangan dapat menjaga lingkungan serta dapat mengurangi kasus penyakit menular sebanyak 90% seperti kecacingan. Angka infeksi kecacingan tinggi dipengaruhi oleh kebersihan diri, sanitasi lingkungan dan kebiasaan penduduk yang kurang menjaga kebersihan diri dan lingkungan. Tujuan kegiatan ini siswa dan siswi Kelas 3 dan 4 SD N.01 Sumber agung dapat memahami dan mengaplikasikan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan mengaplikasikan 7 langkah cuci tangan untuk menghindari penyakit kecacingan. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan tentang penyakit kecacingan dan simulasi cara mencuci tangan 7 langkah. Alat yang digunakan lefleat dan mobile wastafel. Siswa siswi kelas 3 dan 4 SD N 01 Sumber Agung Kemiling Bandar Lampung dapat menjawab pertanyaan yang disampaikan pemateri dan dapat melakukan 7 langkah cuci tangan. Kata Kunci: Penyakit Kecacingan, kelompok usia sekolah,Cuci tangan 7 langkah, ABSTRACT Worms are one of the public health problems in Indonesia that are closely related to environmental conditions. Cases of worms in the area vary according to the causative factors such as humidity, soil conditions, hygiene and sanitation, and the age group being examined. School age children are one of the groups that often have helminth infections (bisara D, Mardiana, 2010). The Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, revealed that washing hands can reduce cases of diarrheal disease by 45%. Washing hands can protect the environment and can reduce cases of infectious diseases by 90% such as worms (Imran Agus N, 2021). The high worm infection rate is influenced by personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and the habits of the population who do not maintain personal and environmental hygiene. The purpose of this activity is that students in Grades 3 and 4 of SD N.01 Sumber Agung can understand and apply clean and healthy living behavior in daily life by applying 7 steps of hand washing to avoid worms. The activities carried out were counseling about helminthiasis and simulations on how to wash hands in 7 steps. The tools used are leaflets and mobile sinks. The 3rd and 4th grade students of SD N 01 Sumber Agung Kemiling Bandar Lampung can answer questions submitted by the speaker and can do 7 steps of washing their hands. Keywords: Worms Disease, school age group, 7 steps hand washing

Contact Tracing During The COVID-19 Pandemic In District Health Directorate Example in Istanbul, Turkey

Background: After March 2020, with the first case of novel coronavirus, Turkish health care system switched to state of emergency to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to control the pandemic, a scientific committee was established, guidelines were prepared, and filiation/contact tracing studies were started. Field investigation and isolation teams were established, and District Health Directorates (DHD) became frontline primary care organizations to manage contact tracing in Turkey. Case presentation: In this report, pandemic management and contact tracing were evaluated in example of Kartal DHD from Istanbul, Turkey. The report contains the details about the planning process, Kartal DHD Pandemic Management priorities, aim and planning of this policy, coordination and cooperation with other institutes to overcome this extraordinary state. Also, evaluation of the contact tracing and telemedicine usage in the pandemic management is examined as well with future implications. Conclusions: From the SWOT analysis to planning process, this report attempts to describe how this state of emergency was managed and how effective the contact tracing management process was. With its detailed key points of the pandemic management and future perspectives, it has been written in terms of preparation for the future pandemics.

How has COVID-19 impacted the civil registration and vital statistics system in Loreto, Perú? Evidence using process mapping and qualitative analysis

ObjectivesAccurate civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are the primary data source to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality. This study assesses how the pandemic impacted CRVS system processes in Loreto region of Peru, one of the worst affected countries globally.DesignQualitative study.SettingLoreto, a remote region, which had the highest reported mortality rate in Peru during the pandemic.ParticipantsSemistructured individual interviews and documentary analysis were conducted between September 2020 and May 2021 with 28 key informants from eight institutions involved in death certification. Key informants were identified using a purposive sampling strategy commencing at the Health Directorate of Loreto, and the snowball method was used where a participant suggested another organisation or person. Information from key informants was used to compare business process maps of the CRVS system before and during the pandemic.ResultsDuring early May 2020, there were seven times more registered deaths than in earlier years, but key informants believed this underestimated mortality by 20%–30%. During the pandemic, families had to interact with more institutions during the death certification process. Several issues disrupted death certification processes, including the burden of increased deaths, the Environmental Health Directorate often removing a body without the family’s express agreement, the creation of COVID-19 cemeteries where no death certificate was needed for burial, greater participation of funeral homes that often used outdated paper forms, and closure of civil registry offices. There was increased use of the online National Death System (SINADEF) but many users had problems with access.ConclusionsThe pandemic substantially disrupted CRVS processes in Loreto, making death certification more difficult, placing greater burden on the family and leading to more participation from unregulated organisations such as funeral homes or cemeteries. These disruptions were impacted by limitations of the CRVS system’s processes before the pandemic.

Assessment of RHIS Quality Assurance Practices in Tarkwa Submunicipal Health Directorate, Ghana

Background. Routine health information system (RHIS) quality assurance has become an important issue, not only because of its significance in promoting high standard of patient care, but also because of its impact on government budgets for the maintenance of health services. Routine health information system comprises healthcare data collection, compilation, storage, analysis, report generation, and dissemination on routine basis at the various healthcare settings. The data from RHIS give a representation of health status, health services, and health resources. The sources of RHIS data are normally individual health records, records of services delivered, and records of health resources. Using reliable information from routine health information systems is fundamental in the healthcare delivery system. Quality assurance practices are measures that are put in places to ensure the health data that are collected meet required quality standards. Routine health information system quality assurance practices ensure that data that are generated from the system are fit for use. This study considered quality assurance practices in the RHIS processes. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight health facilities in Tarkwa Submunicipal health service in the western region of Ghana. The study involved routine quality assurance practices among the 90-health staff and management selected from facilities in Tarkwa Submunicipal who collect or use data routinely from 24th December, 2019, to 20th January, 2020. Results. Generally, Tarkwa Submunicipal health service appears to practice quality assurance during data collection, compilation, storage, analysis, and dissemination. The results show some achievement in quality control performance in report dissemination (77.6%), data analysis (68.0%), data compilation (67.4%), report compilation (66.3%), data storage (66.3%), and collection (61.1%). Conclusions. Even though Tarkwa Submunicipal health directorate engages some control measures to ensure data quality, there is the need to strengthen the process to achieve the targeted percentage of performance (90.0%). There was significant shortfall in quality assurance practices performance especially during data collection, with respect to the expected performance.

Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Outbreak in Bahrain: Resource Allocation and Use of Non-health Volunteers

The Disease Control Section in the Public Health Directorate is responsible for contact tracing amid the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The Section recruited volunteers to strengthen their contact tracing team. Moreover, a nationwide call for volunteers was ignited in order to support the groups with vigilant case investigation and tracing in order to limit the spread of the infection in the community. This viewpoint report shares the experience of the disease control section with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, shedding light on the use of non-healthcare background volunteers and their roles in contact tracing. The utilization of volunteers during outbreaks and emergencies helped multiple entities to continue their operations and thrived through expanding themselves into teams and units. Regardless of the skills and backgrounds of the volunteers, they were allocated efficiently according to their area of interest. This experience indicates that a sustainable volunteer pool is valuable to have, even in non-emergency occasions.

Assessment of anxiety and depression status among health care workers from Baghdad post cure from COVID-19

BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus officially recognized as SARS-CoV2, first emerged in Wuhan, China, has allowed COVID-19 to rapidly spread. The WHO declared the global pandemic of COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. Early evaluation of the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) and consideration of effective therapeutic strategies is important. OBJECTIVE: To assess the mental status (depression and anxiety) among HCWs and identify the association between depression, anxiety levels and (certain demographic factors and other factors). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on data collected from 11th-17th Jan 2021 by an electronic questionnaire. All HCWs of all age groups working at health facilities belong to Al-Resafa health directorate diagnosed as COVID-19 and then get cured were included. RESULTS: The mean age ± SD of the HCWs = 35.5±9.9 yrs., 61.0% females. Regarding depression 29.7% of HCWs were normal and 43.2% their anxiety level was normal. Depression and anxiety were statistically significantly associated with institution type, gender, job title, smoking status, hospital admission, oxygen use, O2 saturation level<93% and getting COVID-19 infection more than one time. CONCLUSION: The proportion of HCWs showing high psychological impacts is alarmingly high. Indeed, despite the severity of the psychological impacts in all HCWs, governmental psychological assistance was present for 80.2% of the sample. Special interventions to improve mental well-being in HCWs exposed to COVID-19 have to be immediately implemented.

The Portuguese MEDITERRANEAN DIET Wheel: development considerations

Scientific evidence has been reporting the health and environmental benefits of the Mediterranean Diet. However, countries of the Mediterranean region, Portugal included, are gradually abandoning this traditional food pattern. The aim of the present work was to develop the Portuguese Mediterranean Diet Wheel. Three main steps were followed: 1) Establishment of the most relevant Mediterranean diet and lifestyle principles to improve this pattern among the Portuguese population; 2) Converting those principles into a captivating and easy to understand tool; 3) Obtaining experts’ opinion. By a matter of consistency, the preservation and transmission of the Mediterranean heritage was represented through an upgrade of the current Portuguese food wheel guide. This complementary tool highlights the Mediterranean Diet enlarged character that encompasses a healthy lifestyle and reinforces sociocultural and environmental features. It was launched at the end of 2016 and was nationally disseminated with the support of the Portuguese Health Directorate. Initially it was presented in a poster format image that was subsequently spread in different communication formats. This newly developed Mediterranean Food Guide is a complementary educational tool that will support health and education professionals in the never ending mission of promoting healthy food choices.

Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance

This study sought to find out the extent of employee engagement in the public sector in Ghana using the Upper East Regional Health Directorate as a case study. The survey method was employed in the study. Close-ended and Likert-Scaled questionnaires were administered to participants to generate the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic data while the Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to analyze the scaled responses using the equation: RII= Σ???? / (???? × ????). The figures obtained confirmed the positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance. The good performance of the Upper East Regional Health Directorate was found to be influenced by the effective engagement of the staff.

Knowledge on Place of Delivery and Postnatal Care Among Reproductive Women in Urban Ghana: A Qualitative Thematic Synthesis

Background Place of birth delivery continues to be a canker to maternal healthcare despite the introduction of interventions and policies aimed to promote maternal health. Otutcomes on the choice of place of delivery has not been captured using rigorous qualitative approaches, which are empirically proven. This study investigated the accounts of mothers who have delivered in the last five years either home, assisted by TBAs or health facilities backed by care providers during labour and delivery and to evaluate the reasons for choice of delivery in urban Ghana. Methods Using an in-depth interview and two focus groups conducted with women of reproductive age (15–49) who had delivered in the past five years in the study area. The study investigated women's opinions, perceptions and experiences of care in terms of factors that influenced place of delivery, satisfaction with services and whether they would recommend services to neighbours. Results 2 out of 16 mothers delivered home assisted TBA’s by despite the introduction of the free maternal delivery in addition to other available interventions such as focused ANC aimed at improving maternal healthcare. Conclusion The findings suggest that enabling factors to healthcare delivery are key to women's expectations, which in turn build up satisfaction. Service improvements, which address aspects of care, are likely to have an impact on health seeking behaviour and utilisation. Findings recommend that the Municipal health directorate adopt more user-friendly approaches and interventions to attract mothers who use home delivery and retain those who deliver in facilities.