scholarly journals The Legal Consequences of a Married Couple as being the Sole Founders in the Partnership

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
James Ridwan Efferin
Keyword(s):  
Special Form ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Limited Partnership ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Husband And Wife

<p class="Default">A Partnership Firm (“Firma”) and a Limited Partnership/Commanditaire Vennootschap (“CV”) in Indonesia are regulated in the First Book of the Commercial Code of Indonesia, chapter the Third (Regarding the various Companies), in the First and Second section.</p><p class="Default">Both partnerships are considered to be the special form of the civil partnership/Maatschap, which is regulated in the Civil Code of Indonesia (Article 1618 – 1652).</p><p class="Default">According to Rudhi Prasetya, “In practice, it is not uncommon for us to see a Firma or CV that has only 2 partners, of which they are husband [and] wife.”</p><p class="Default">Therefore the main issue will be the legitimacy of the said partnership if it has only a husband and wife as the founders/partners, especially if the said husband and wife do not make any separate marital property agreement.</p><p class="Default">What will be the legal consequences if the said condition happens, especially the external liability to the third party.</p><p class="Default">The main objective of this writing is to give an argumentation and the legal standing that a married couple can actually establish and be the sole founders/partners in a partnership with all of its consequences, even though they did not make any separate marital property agreement.</p>

Legal Consequences of the Marriage Agreement Made by Notaries, Then Not Registered

Authentica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-120
Author(s):  
Meisha Poetri Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Joint Property ◽  
Husband And Wife

The marriage agreement is based on Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage, a marriage agreement is a means of protecting the assets of a husband and wife, this agreement the parties can determine their respective inheritance. Is there a separation of assets in the marriage from the beginning or is there a shared asset, but the method of division is divided if a divorce occurs. The inheritance of each husband and wife and property obtained as a gift or inheritance, respectively, is under the control of each other as long as the parties do not specify otherwise. The method used in this research is the normative juridical approach. The data used in this paper are secondary data and primary data as a complement to secondary data. The results of research and discussion, namely the marriage agreement that is not recorded or registered, is invalid according to the provisions of Article 29 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974. The legal consequences of marital property if the marriage agreement is not registered is that the property becomes joint property and assets default. Legal protection for a disadvantaged third party is by means of preventive legal protection in which a third party has the right to assume that the marriage agreement does not exist, whereas the refractive legal protection that is the third party has the right to file a lawsuit in court. Suggestions that the notary provides guidance to register the marriage agreement deed to the Population and Civil Registry Office in order to obtain validity and publicity. And the marriage agreement must be registered so as not to harm a third party. Keywords: Registration of Marriage Agreement, Marriage Property, Legal Protection of Third Party

scholarly journals Akibat Hukum Perjanjian Kawin terhadap Pihak Ketiga dalam Perspektif Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Putu Trisna Witariyani ◽  
I Nyoman Sujana ◽  
Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Husband And Wife

Property problems in marriage often occur. With this, the couple can make a marriage agreement for those who want to separate their marital assets. One of the marriage agreement arrangements, which is mentioned in paragraph (1), namely in Article 29 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage states that a marriage agreement can be made before the marriage takes place and binds a third party as long as the third party is involved. However, after the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 the arrangement of the agreement in marriage has changed. This study aims to determine the arrangement of the marriage agreement after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 and knowing the legal consequences for third parties with the existence of a marriage agreement after the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015. The research method used is the Normative research method where the assessment is based on legal materials from the existing literature. The results of the analysis show that the marriage agreement arrangements have changed since the Constitutional Court Decision, where the amendment is that the marriage agreement can be made before or after marriage, applies after marriage unless the parties determine otherwise, and also the marriage agreement can be changed and revoked according to the agreement of the husband and wife. . If the agreement in marriage is registered, the agreement will be enforced for the third party. Couples who want to make a marriage agreement should follow the existing rules so that the marriage agreement is valid and does not harm third parties.

scholarly journals PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA TERHADAP HARTA DALAM PERKAWINAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Rilda Murniati
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Test Suit ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Husband And Wife

Every marriage will give birth the union of assets that can be obtained by husband and wife during the marriage if not excluded by the marriage agreement. However, the Marriage Law explicitly and clearly stipulates that the marriage agreement must be made before the marriage takes place or at the time the marriage takes place. The existence of these legal provisions, in fact, is not entirely known by every prospective husband and wife and raises new problems related to land law that limits ownership rights to land and buildings for Indonesian citizens who marry other citizens without marriage agreements. This is the reason for the birth of a material test suit against the provisions of the Marriage Law contained in the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 69 / PUU-XII / 2015. This decision forms the basis and legal basis for new arrangements as a source of legal renewal on the procedures for marriage agreements and their legal consequences for joint assets acquired in marriage. The born of legal renewal is the marriage agreement that can be made any time during the marriage in the form of an authentic deed at the notary and can be retroactive from the date the marriage takes place as long as the husband and wife agree and bind as a law to the parties. For this reason, the legal consequences of the legal status of joint assets acquired during marriage are the personal property of each husband and wife and their contents are binding on third parties as long as the third party has an interest.

Third Party Beneficiaries in Thai Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapas Tudsri ◽  
Angkanawadee Pinkaew
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
The Third Party

This chapter examines the ability for third party beneficiaries to enforce contracts under section 374 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. The provision illustrates that the urgency for enactment of the Code came at the expense of depth and intricacy. Whereas the German Civil Code expressly provides that the third party’s entitlement to enforce the provisions of a contract may be inferred from the circumstances, such provision is absent in the Thai Code. While the intention of the parties should be capable of inference from the contract, Thai courts have demonstrated a reluctance to read section 374 broadly; compelling evidence is required before the third party is found to acquire rights. Apart from the four categories of contracts where the courts more readily find third party rights—insurance, compromise, a contract to discharge a debt owed by third party, and a contract to confer an option on a third party—parties are likely to find it difficult to invoke section 374. Underlying the judicial attitude is the strong grip of the privity rule, or to use the German-inspired term, the ‘relativity of contract’. This restrictive approach also applies to the interpretation of ‘performance’ which does not include conferment of benefits.

IMPLIKASI YURIDIS TERKAIT PERAN NOTARIS DALAM PENGESAHAN PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 69/PUU-XIII/2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Desimawati Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Married Couple ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Two Phases

 Prenuptial Agreement has been changed by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIIII/2015. This decision issued toward a suit made by a woman named Ike Farida, who is married to a man with different nationality without making Prenuptial Agreement. This research aims to ascertain the legal standing of Prenuptial Agreement and the authority of Notary in legalizing Prenuptial Agreement after the establishment of Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIIII/2015.This research uses normative legal method through the statute approach and secondary data analysis. This research comprises two phases, there are conducting literature review to learn the regulation of the authority of Notary in legalizing Prenuptial Agreement after the establishment of Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIIII/2015 and various literature. Afterward, researcher established a field research method by interviewing Notary, the Official of Office of Religious Affairs (Kantor Urusan Agama) and the Official of Civil Registry Office (Dinas Kependudukan or Kantor Catatan Sipil).The Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIIII/2015 permits married couple to make Prenuptial Agreement after the marriage ceremony. Additionally, the Agreement may be canceled based on their consent as long as it does not inflict a financial loss to the third party. Subsequently, since the establishment of such Decision, the Legalization of Prenuptial Agreement by Notary is no longer similar to Prenuptial Agreement Legalization established by the Staff of Marriage Registry. The Notary does have authority to make an Authentic Deed concerning Prenuptial Agreement in question, and such Deed will be used for Prenuptial Agreement registration in the Office of Religious Affairs and Civil Registry Office. However, the Deed in question must legalized by the Staff of Marriage Registry hence it binds the third party.Key words: Prenuptial Agreement, Legalization, Notary, The Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIIII/2015.

scholarly journals La nature et l'intérêt du crédit-bail en informatique

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-827
Author(s):  
Claude Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Computer Equipment ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Legal Consequences

Third-party leasing is now part and parcel of new contractual forms that have appeared with the development of commerce. Moreover, progress in new technologies has given birth to computer contracts. In the same way that the originality of third-party leasing has stimulated thinking on the legal nature of this operation in Civil law, the technical complexity of considerations due under computer contracts has brought about the adoption of clauses specifically adapted to this type of covenant. Since the third-party lease is used to finance the acquisition of computer equipment, the ensuing note attempts to analyse the legal consequences of two converging enigmas. Briefly stated, third-party computer leasing is characterized by the distinction between hardware and software (of which the latter does not in principle lend itself to leasing operations), the particular importance of obligations on guarantees by the supplier with regard to the user, and to the presumption of technical ignorance on the part of the user. The second of these characteristics is normal in third-party leases and the last occurs frequently in computer contracts.

scholarly journals Akibat Hukum Perceraian Terhadap Harta Benda Perkawinan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Sugih Ayu Pratitis
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
Shared Property ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Joint Property ◽  
Husband And Wife

<p>The emergence of the problem of joint property in a marriage is usually when there is a divorce between husband and wife, or when the divorce process is taking place in the Religious Court. The purpose of the study is to examine the position of joint property in marriage according to Islamic law and the provisions of the legislation and the legal consequences of divorce on marital property. The research method used is a type of normative research where research is carried out by first researching the materials that are in accordance with the problem to be studied. The result of this research is that the position of husband and wife property obtained in marriage is shared property except personal property which is under the marriage will be the personal rights of each husband or wife. While due to divorce between husband and wife, the assets obtained during marriage are divided in half for the husband and half for the wife. The method for resolving cases of sharing of shared assets at the Religious Court is if the divorce has been approved by a judge, then a husband and wife can submit a request for sharing of shared assets in accordance with applicable law. And if a divorced husband and wife do not want to carry out the distribution of shared assets, then one of the parties can submit a request for execution in the Religious Court to force those who do not want to carry out the decision in accordance with what was decided by the Religious Court.</p>

scholarly journals Az álképviselet szabályozása a román Polgári törvénykönyvben

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Előd Bartis
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Legal Consequences

The author of the following study presents the institution of unauthorized agency in Romanian civil law. The conditions and possible cases unauthorized agency are presented, as well as the facts which, although similar, cannot be considered as unauthorized agency. The author analyzes the legal nature of the contract concluded by the unauthorized agent, the legal consequences of the ratification by the principal and discusses in detail the unauthorized agent’s liability to both the principal and the third party. Finally, the study examines the conditions and consequences of the apparent authority, with special regard to the protection of the interests of the parties involved.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Bank pada Perjanjian Kawin dalam Perkawinan Campuran

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Kadek Megah Bintaranny ◽  
I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽  
I Wayan Arthanaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mixed Marriage ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Joint Property

The problem faced by the couple of a mixed marriage in Indonesia is that there are provisions in Indonesian law regarding the incorporating of assets immediately into joint property after the marriage. But on the other hand, there are laws regulating that foreigners may not own property rights in Indonesia, so joint property involving a number of properties in the form of movable or immovable property will be impossible for foreigners to own. This study examines two issues: the legal protection for third party, the bank creditors relating to the status/property status of a married couple in mixed marriages in a marriage agreement and the legal consequences of non-performing loans related to the couple’s property if they commit defaults. To uncover these two matters, the study was conducted using the normative legal research method. The results show that creditors are protected in a preventive and repressive manner. Legal consequences for husband or wife property for bank creditors if the debtor is bound in the mixed marriage defaults depend on the form of the marriage agreement made. A husband or wife who is an Indonesian citizen as a debtor is permitted to guarantee the material security of his assets freely and can be taken as collateral for repayment by the bank’s creditors if the debtor is in default.

scholarly journals Issues on intellectual property as a jointly acquired property

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Abu Bakar ◽  
Noor Asyimah Ramli ◽  
Saad Gomaa Gomaa Zaghloul ◽  
Ahmed Ramadan Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Meryem Abous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Husband And Wife

Jointly acquired property is property obtained during the marriage of a husband and wife generated from their collective resources or efforts. However, in this era of digitilization, the cases on jointly acquired property has changed from a physical property to an intellectual property. Therefore, the cases on jointly acquired property should also include matters related to intellectual property of the married couple gained during the marriage period. Although jointly acquired property is an exclusive right of the husband and wife, this property can be contested by a third party. In fact, a fatwa (Islamic legal ruling) in Kelantan has legalize such application. As a consequence of this issue, this research aims to study the concept of intellectual property in term of jointly acquired property and analyze the issue of intellectual property according to Islamic and legal perspective. This study is a qualitative  research with data collection done through library research particularly referring to classical books and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence literatures related to jointly acquired property in Islam, jointly acquired property fatwa in Kelantan and jointly acquired property cases in Syariah Court. Content analysis approach has been applied in data analysis process.

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