scholarly journals The Influence Of The Level Of Tax Awareness And Tax Payment Mechanisms On Buying And Selling Traffic On The Online Shop

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-253
Author(s):  
Putri Intan Permata Sari ◽  
Fitri Yeni ◽  
Ramdani Bayu Putra ◽  
Rosa Citra Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Payment Mechanisms

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengestimasi Pengaruh Tingkat Kesadaran Pajak dan Mekanisme Pembayaran Pajak terhadap Traffic Transaksi Jual Beli pada online shop di Kota Padang dengan Tarif Pajak sebagai Variabel Kontrol. Sampel sebanyak 60 UMKM sektor makanan yang melakukan penjualan via Go-Food yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sample. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan diolah menggunakan program SPSS 21. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis Tingkat Kesadaran Pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap Traffic Transaksi Jual Beli sedangkan Mekanisme Pembayaran Pajak memiliki penagaruh terhadap Traffic Transaksi Jual Beli pada Online Shop Di Kota Padang. Diharapkan para pelaku UMKM mampu untuk meningkatkan kesadarannya terhadap pajak dan lebih meningkatkan pengetahuannya terhadap pajak, karena dengan begitu akan mempengaruhi tingkat jual beli dan berdampak pada perekonomian masyarakat yang semakin membaik.

scholarly journals A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Goodell ◽  
Hazem Danny Al-Nakib ◽  
Paolo Tasca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fractional Reserve Banking ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Fractional Reserve ◽  
Banking Relationships ◽  
Reserve Banking ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

In recent years, electronic retail payment mechanisms, especially e-commerce and card payments at the point of sale, have increasingly replaced cash in many developed countries. As a result, societies are losing a critical public retail payment option, and retail consumers are losing important rights associated with using cash. To address this concern, we propose an approach to digital currency that would allow people without banking relationships to transact electronically and privately, including both e-commerce purchases and point-of-sale purchases that are required to be cashless. Our proposal introduces a government-backed, privately-operated digital currency infrastructure to ensure that every transaction is registered by a bank or money services business, and it relies upon non-custodial wallets backed by privacy-enhancing technology, such as blind signatures or zero-knowledge proofs, to ensure that transaction counterparties are not revealed. Our approach to digital currency can also facilitate more efficient and transparent clearing, settlement, and management of systemic risk. We argue that our system can restore and preserve the salient features of cash, including privacy, owner-custodianship, fungibility, and accessibility, while also preserving fractional reserve banking and the existing two-tiered banking system. We also show that it is possible to introduce regulation of digital currency transactions involving non-custodial wallets that unconditionally protect the privacy of end-users.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Payment Mechanism on Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sihan Su ◽  
Mengdan Li ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The international seabed area (i.e., the “Area”) is rich in mineral resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the relevant implemented agreements, in 2012, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) began to develop the regulations for the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. The most important part of the regulations involves determining the distribution of benefits from the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area between the ISA and the contractors. The establishment of a financial model to evaluate the economic benefits and compare the distribution scheme was the basic method relied on in the current study of payment mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exploitation project of mineral resources in the Area, the discounted cash flow method was selected to construct the financial model. Taking China’s deep-sea mineral resources development project in the Area as the background, the main parameters of the model were determined. A comparative study of similar financial models with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other foreign countries was carried out, in addition to a sensitivity analysis of parameters. On the basis of the assurance that the contractor’s internal rate of return was not lower than the level of the land mining enterprise, the financial model was used to calculate the internal rate of return and the revenue of royalty under different payment mechanisms and rates. The advantages and disadvantages of different payment mechanisms in the exploitation of mineral resources in the area were analyzed. Lastly, the possible impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining on Terrestrial metal markets were highlighted.

scholarly journals Does an economic incentive affect provider behavior? Evidence from a field experiment on different payment mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Xi ◽  
Ennan Wang ◽  
Qianni Lu ◽  
Piaopiao Chen ◽  
Tian Wo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Provider Behavior ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The Letter of Credit, its resilience and viability in securing international commercial transactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-264
Author(s):  
Norman Mugarura
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
International Payment ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

Purpose – This paper aims to address issues of law and policy, the potential pitfalls such as fraud, conflict of law and documents discrepancies that are often encountered by the parties in usage and practice of the Letter of Credit (LC). The article has gleaned other forms of payment mechanisms in international commercial trade to demonstrate that despite the upsurge in international payment instruments, the LC has remained a viable commercial product. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the law governing the LC and why it has remained resilient and a viable commercial product for many years. Design/methodology/approach – The author has utilized the current version of UCP 600 (2007) and the legislation such as Brussels Convention (2000) in Europe, litigated cases and secondary data sources in writing the paper. The data generated were then evaluated taking into account the most recent legal and policy changes regarding the usage and practice of the LC in international commercial transactions. The paper straddles many issues but evaluated in a distinctive way to underscore the purpose for writing it. Findings – The findings of the paper have demonstrated that despite a myriad of payment mechanisms as a result of innovation in international trade, the LC is still a viable commercial product. Parties will need to be knowledgeable and skilled enough to keep abreast of dynamic changes on law and policy relating to usage and practice of LCs. Short of that parties could be vulnerable to risk exigencies inherent in international trade they sought to eliminate by subscribing to the LC. Research limitations/implications – The limitations lie in realm that the paper was largely library-based and the author did not carry out extensive corroborative research studies on issues it was written on. Thus, any future work on the LC will try to corroborate issues of policy and practice and how they are internalized in commercial practice. Practical implications – The paper has articulated the governing law of the LC and the context in which it is harnessed in commercial practice. It has articulated potential risk areas that the parties ought to watch out for before and during the process of harnessing the LC as a payment mechanism. The paper has demonstrated that risks inherent in international trade are now higher than in past decades because of globalization and its attendant fluid environment. The paper is relevant to banks, regulators, governments and also students because it internalizes most recent changes in the usage and practice of the LCs in international trade. Social implications – International trade affects local businesses, banks, ordinary people, national governments and it has far reaching implications for societies as whole. The LC is utilized to mitigate, if not eliminate, potential risks in international trade transactions, and it has far reaching social implications for economies to be overlooked. Originality/value – The article has gleaned other forms of payment mechanisms in international commercial trade to tease out that despite the upsurge in international payment mechanisms, the LC has remained a viable commercial product. This article is a MUST read because it internalizes recent changes in the usage and practice of documentary credit which have not been addressed in its context. Even though the article has been undertaken by analysis of secondary and primary data sources, the author has done so in a distinctive way to underscore the most recent changes to the usage and practice of the LC and the purpose it was written.

Optimal contingent payment mechanisms and entrepreneurial financing decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. 1182-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Tavares-Gärtner ◽  
Paulo J. Pereira ◽  
Elísio Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Financing ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

A branch & cut/metaheuristic optimization of financial supply chain based on input-output network flows: investigating the iranian orthopedic footwear

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Peide Liu ◽  
Ayad Hendalianpour
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Financial Flow ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

Financial flows are one of the three majors in a Supply Chain (SC). Ignoring financial flows, regardless of the quality of freight transport and information, could lead the organization to a state of bankruptcy, which is a situation directly resulting from a lack of control over financial inputs/outputs. This study proposes a multi-product mathematical model, which makes it possible to choose among suppliers, manufacturing sites, distribution centres, retailers, and transportation vehicles. The purpose of the model is to integrate physical and material dimensions to maximize net corporate profits through inbound and outbound financial flows; it involves payment mechanisms between the financial and physical flows through maximizing the cash flows of manufacturing sites and suppliers, as two conflicting objectives that must consider the reciprocal effects of their decisions. These objectives are calculated by subtracting costs from the revenue; this process, of course, will ultimately result in an optimization of the organization’s financial flow. To solve the proposed mathematical model, the study relies on two algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Imperialist Competition Algorithm (ICA). The sample under investigation is solved separately using the three algorithms, and results are then compared. The observations of the study reveal the better performance of PSO.

Blockchain-Based Food Supply Chain Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-171
Author(s):  
Dhana Srinithi Srinivasan ◽  
Karpagam Manavalan ◽  
Soundarya R. ◽  
Thamizhi S. I.
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

Blockchain is an emerging technology that is based on the concept of distributed ledgers. It allows for pervasive transactions among different parties and eliminates the need for third-party intermediaries. Several of blockchain's characteristics make it suitable for use in the agriculture sector. Some of the potential applications of blockchain include efficient management of the food supply chain and value-based payment mechanisms. The products of agriculture are usually the inputs for a multi-actor distributed supply chain, in which case the consumer is usually the final client. The food chain involves several actors including farmers, shipping companies, distributors, and groceries. This makes the entire system to be distributed with multiple actors playing different roles throughout the chain. This currently used system is inefficient and unreliable in various aspects. This project aims to leverage blockchain technology to solve and address discrepancies involved in food supply chains.

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